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Author: M.H. Lewis Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400908172 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 388
Book Description
The emergence of synthetic ceramics as a prominent class of materials with a unique combination of properties has been an important part of the materials-science scene over the past 20 years. These 'high-technology' ceramics have varied applications in areas utilizing their exceptional mechanical, thermal, optical, magnetic or electronic properties. A notable development of the 1970s was that of 'Si-based' ceramics (Si3N4' SiC and 'Sialons') as high-temperature engineering solids. More recently the zirconia-based ceramics have evolved as a class of material with significant improvements in fracture-toughness. In the 1980s we are on the threshold of development of ceramic-matrix composites with the promise of over coming major limitations in engineering design with 'brittle' ceramics and the development of novel properties unattainable with monolithic micro structures. Throughout this period there have been significant but less well-publicized developments in the field of glass-ceramics and glasses. It is the purpose of this publication to review selected topics within this important area of materials science. A key element in understanding the relation between properties and microstructure is a knowledge of atomic arrangement in ceramic phases. Recent developments in NMR and X-ray absorption spectroscopies have had considerable impact on studies of atomic co-ordination in glasses and crystalline ceramic materials and are reviewed in Chapters 1 and 2. Glass-ceramics are derived from the parent glasses by controlled crystal lization and have properties dictated, in part, by the efficiency of crystal nucleation within the glass volume.
Author: M.H. Lewis Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400908172 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 388
Book Description
The emergence of synthetic ceramics as a prominent class of materials with a unique combination of properties has been an important part of the materials-science scene over the past 20 years. These 'high-technology' ceramics have varied applications in areas utilizing their exceptional mechanical, thermal, optical, magnetic or electronic properties. A notable development of the 1970s was that of 'Si-based' ceramics (Si3N4' SiC and 'Sialons') as high-temperature engineering solids. More recently the zirconia-based ceramics have evolved as a class of material with significant improvements in fracture-toughness. In the 1980s we are on the threshold of development of ceramic-matrix composites with the promise of over coming major limitations in engineering design with 'brittle' ceramics and the development of novel properties unattainable with monolithic micro structures. Throughout this period there have been significant but less well-publicized developments in the field of glass-ceramics and glasses. It is the purpose of this publication to review selected topics within this important area of materials science. A key element in understanding the relation between properties and microstructure is a knowledge of atomic arrangement in ceramic phases. Recent developments in NMR and X-ray absorption spectroscopies have had considerable impact on studies of atomic co-ordination in glasses and crystalline ceramic materials and are reviewed in Chapters 1 and 2. Glass-ceramics are derived from the parent glasses by controlled crystal lization and have properties dictated, in part, by the efficiency of crystal nucleation within the glass volume.
Author: Stuart Hampshire Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
The objective was to study the effect on properties (such as microhardness, glass transition, crystallization temperature, viscosity, etc.) of replacing oxygen by nitrogen in sialon-based glasses containing rare-earth cations and to study the formation of glass-ceramics by controlled crystallization of these oxynitride glasses and to assess the effects of this on properties. Glasses were prepared by melting appropriate oxides and nitrides in boron nitride lined crucibles, melting at 1700 C under nitrogen and casting into preheated graphite moulds followed by annealing. Characterization of the glasses was carried out by differential thermal analysis (DTA) to ascertain the glass transition and crystallization temperatures and standard techniques used for microhardness and viscosity. Nitrogen increases the glass transition, microhardness and viscosity for constant cation ratio glasses and also inhibits crystallization. From DTA, suitable heat-treatment schedules were designed to produce fine-grain glass-ceramics. Optimization of these heat treatments was by measuring the changes (increases) in microhardness. Fully amorphous glasses can be prepared easily in large batches (approx. 100g) in many M-Si-Al-O-N systems. Work concentrated on Neodynium and Y-sialon glasses which undergo homogeneous nucleation at Tg+50 (C) followed by crystal growth at Tc-40 (C) each for 2.5 hours. (AW).
Author: R. Abramovici Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 45
Book Description
The purpose of this work was to study the change of physical properties of certain glasses and the corresponding glass-ceramics as a consequence of incorporation of nitrogen. Five series of glasses and their crystallized samples of Me-Si-Al-O-N (Me = Li, Ca, Mg, Ca+Mg, Mg+Li) system were prepared and studied. The criteria for selecting the composition within each system were: potential crystalline phases, castability of the melts below 1600 C, and in some cases, solubility of nitrogen in the melts. Melting of the glasses was performed in alumina or slip cast silica crucibles, in air and also in nitrogen, with acceptable results as far as their corrosion resistance was concerned. Nitrogen retention was of 61.7 - 74.2% for glasses melted in air (in covered crucibles) and 79.4 - 90.7% for those melted in nitrogen atmosphere. Glass transition and dilatometric softening temperature, thermal expansion coefficient and microhardness were measured. The crystallized samples were examined also by XRD and SEM.
Author: Pascal Richet Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118799399 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1568
Book Description
This Encyclopedia begins with an introduction summarizing itsscope and content. Glassmaking; Structure of Glass, GlassPhysics,Transport Properties, Chemistry of Glass, Glass and Light,Inorganic Glass Families, Organic Glasses, Glass and theEnvironment, Historical and Economical Aspect of Glassmaking,History of Glass, Glass and Art, and outlinepossible newdevelopments and uses as presented by the best known people in thefield (C.A. Angell, for example). Sections and chapters arearranged in a logical order to ensure overall consistency and avoiduseless repetitions. All sections are introduced by a briefintroduction and attractive illustration. Newly investigatedtopics will be addresses, with the goal of ensuring that thisEncyclopedia remains a reference work for years to come.
Author: Ronald E. Loehman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 51
Book Description
Nitrogen has been partially substituted for oxygen in a wide variety of silicate systems to produce oxynitride glasses with improved properties. Nitrogen contents as high as 12 at% have been achieved. The glass-forming regions in the Y-Si-Al-O-N, Mg-Si-Al-O-N, and Ca-Si-Al-O-N systems have been investigated in detail, and those in the Si-Al-O-N, La-Si-Al-O-N, Li-Si-Al-O-N, and Sc-Si-Al-O-N systems have been studied to a lesser extent. For all compositions there is a consistent variation in properties with nitrogen content. The glass transition temperature, hardness, fracture toughness, and density all increase, and the thermal expansion coefficient decreases with increased nitrogen content. Those data, together with infrared spectroscopic results, are consistent with a structural model in which trivalent nitrogen substitutes for bivalent oxygen to give a greater degree of cross-linking in the glass network. The improved properties afforded by nitrogen substitution may lead to commercial applications for oxynitride glasses as hardened windows, high modulus glass fibers, leach-resistant coatings, and as joining compositions for nitrogen ceramics.
Author: Peter J. Melling Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 75
Book Description
A survey of compositions in the GeGaPS system, initially based on the Beta-Sialon system (Si4A12O2N6) was carried out. Most of the samples were prepared by sealed tube melting (using a fused quartz tube) of mixtures of the elements in a rocking furnace. When it was found that these materials are sensitive to oxygen contamination a pressure melting system was constructed in which melts were prepared in vitreous carbon crucibles under an inert gas overpressure. There is a requirement for new materials which are transparent in the 8-14 micro meter wavelength range and have superior thermal shock resistance, toughness, mechanical strength, and abrasion resistance compared to existing materials. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the possibility of preparing sulfide-phosphide analogs of oxynitride glasses and glass ceramics in the GeGaPS system. If the silicon nitride structure could be prepared in this system, large improvements in mechanical properties are expected. Keywords: Sulfides, Oxynitride ceramics, Phosphides, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Infrared spectroscopy, Germanium, Gallium oxide, Glass, Zirconium sulfide. (jes).
Author: M.H. Lewis
Author: M.H. Lewis
Author: Vincent Morrissey
Author: John Andrew Fernie
Author: Joan M. Lonergan
Author: Stuart Hampshire
Author: R. Abramovici
Author: Endang Zhang
Author: Pascal Richet
Author: Ronald E. Loehman
Author: Peter J. Melling