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Author: U. S. Military Publisher: ISBN: 9781549790485 Category : Languages : en Pages : 111
Book Description
In 2006, Mexican President Felipe Calderon announced the "war on drugs," an ongoing, low-intensity, asymmetrical war between the government and various drug cartels that has proven the bloodiest conflict since the Mexican civil war a century ago. Meanwhile, the subculture of narco-cultura continues to grow, under the influence of powerful drug cartels throughout Mexico. The narco-cultura has its own dynamic form of dress, music, literature, film, religious beliefs and practices, and slang, which have become standard in some parts of the country, especially among the lower class and uneducated. This thesis investigates the relationship between the narco-cultura and organized crime in Mexico, as viewed from multiple perspectives. It considers this subculture's historical origins and its influence on popular religion and narco-corridos (ballads). More precisely, this thesis explores how the narco-cultura appropriates religion and religious symbolism to maintain the growth of organized criminal groups. CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION * A. MAJOR RESEARCH QUESTION * B. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH QUESTION * C. LITERATURE REVIEW * D. POTENTIAL EXPLANATIONS AND HYPOTHESES * E. RESEARCH DESIGN * F. THESIS OVERVIEW * CHAPTER II - UNDERSTANDING LA FAMILIA MICHOACANA AND LOS CABALLEROS TEMPLARIOS, AND THEIR RELIGIOUS CULTS * A. THE EVOLUTION OF LA FAMILIA MICHOACANA AND LOS CABALLEROS TEMPLARIOS * 1. Historical Background * 2. La Familia Michoacana: Background, Leadership, and Enforced Silence * 3. The Provision of Services and the "Us versus Them" Divide * 4. Economic, Social and Cultural Context: Understanding Complexities * B. LA FAMILIA MICHOACANA AND LOS CABALLEROS TEMPLARIOS AS RELIGIOUS CULTS * 1. La Familia's Quasi-Religious Cult and its Religious Justification * 2. Los Caballeros Templarios' Code of Conduct * 3. Los Caballeros Templarios: Narco-Apostol (Apostle) * C. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER III - THE SINALOA CARTEL'S USE OF NARCO-CORRIDOS AND EMBRACE OF JESUS MALVERDE * A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND * 1. Post-Revolution Corridos and Drug-trafficking Origins * 2. The 1930s: Corridos and Drug Contraband * 3. The 1940s: Drug-trafficking Evolution and the Popularity of Musica Nortena * 4. The 1950s-60s: Corrido Deterioration and Drug-smuggling Fight * 5. Narco-Corridos and the Birth of the Narco-Cultura * 6. The Strengthening of the Narco-Cultura * 7. Last Decade and a Dash: Narco-Corridos and the Narco-Cultura * B. SINALOA CARTEL: NARCO-CORRIDOS AND JESUS MALVERDE * 1. Narco-Corridos as a Recruiting Tool * 2. Sinaloa: The Tale of Jesus Malverde * a. A Fantasy, but Real * b. The Malverde Cult * c. Songs to the Narco-Santon (Narco-Saint) * C. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER IV - MEXICO'S "UNOFFICIAL SAINTS" * A. NARCO-SAINTS: BACKGROUND * 1. The Creation of Images * 2. The Making of Saints * 3. Religious Syncretism: A Fusion of Beliefs * B. RELIGIOUS SYNCRETISM IN THE NARCO-CULTURA * 1. La Santa Muerte: Mexico's Idol, Symbol, and Social Force and Aspects * 2. Juan Soldado * a. Historical Context * b. The Legendary Protector of Migrants * C. CONCLUSION * LIST OF REFERENCES * FOOTNOTES
Author: U. S. Military Publisher: ISBN: 9781549790485 Category : Languages : en Pages : 111
Book Description
In 2006, Mexican President Felipe Calderon announced the "war on drugs," an ongoing, low-intensity, asymmetrical war between the government and various drug cartels that has proven the bloodiest conflict since the Mexican civil war a century ago. Meanwhile, the subculture of narco-cultura continues to grow, under the influence of powerful drug cartels throughout Mexico. The narco-cultura has its own dynamic form of dress, music, literature, film, religious beliefs and practices, and slang, which have become standard in some parts of the country, especially among the lower class and uneducated. This thesis investigates the relationship between the narco-cultura and organized crime in Mexico, as viewed from multiple perspectives. It considers this subculture's historical origins and its influence on popular religion and narco-corridos (ballads). More precisely, this thesis explores how the narco-cultura appropriates religion and religious symbolism to maintain the growth of organized criminal groups. CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION * A. MAJOR RESEARCH QUESTION * B. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH QUESTION * C. LITERATURE REVIEW * D. POTENTIAL EXPLANATIONS AND HYPOTHESES * E. RESEARCH DESIGN * F. THESIS OVERVIEW * CHAPTER II - UNDERSTANDING LA FAMILIA MICHOACANA AND LOS CABALLEROS TEMPLARIOS, AND THEIR RELIGIOUS CULTS * A. THE EVOLUTION OF LA FAMILIA MICHOACANA AND LOS CABALLEROS TEMPLARIOS * 1. Historical Background * 2. La Familia Michoacana: Background, Leadership, and Enforced Silence * 3. The Provision of Services and the "Us versus Them" Divide * 4. Economic, Social and Cultural Context: Understanding Complexities * B. LA FAMILIA MICHOACANA AND LOS CABALLEROS TEMPLARIOS AS RELIGIOUS CULTS * 1. La Familia's Quasi-Religious Cult and its Religious Justification * 2. Los Caballeros Templarios' Code of Conduct * 3. Los Caballeros Templarios: Narco-Apostol (Apostle) * C. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER III - THE SINALOA CARTEL'S USE OF NARCO-CORRIDOS AND EMBRACE OF JESUS MALVERDE * A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND * 1. Post-Revolution Corridos and Drug-trafficking Origins * 2. The 1930s: Corridos and Drug Contraband * 3. The 1940s: Drug-trafficking Evolution and the Popularity of Musica Nortena * 4. The 1950s-60s: Corrido Deterioration and Drug-smuggling Fight * 5. Narco-Corridos and the Birth of the Narco-Cultura * 6. The Strengthening of the Narco-Cultura * 7. Last Decade and a Dash: Narco-Corridos and the Narco-Cultura * B. SINALOA CARTEL: NARCO-CORRIDOS AND JESUS MALVERDE * 1. Narco-Corridos as a Recruiting Tool * 2. Sinaloa: The Tale of Jesus Malverde * a. A Fantasy, but Real * b. The Malverde Cult * c. Songs to the Narco-Santon (Narco-Saint) * C. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER IV - MEXICO'S "UNOFFICIAL SAINTS" * A. NARCO-SAINTS: BACKGROUND * 1. The Creation of Images * 2. The Making of Saints * 3. Religious Syncretism: A Fusion of Beliefs * B. RELIGIOUS SYNCRETISM IN THE NARCO-CULTURA * 1. La Santa Muerte: Mexico's Idol, Symbol, and Social Force and Aspects * 2. Juan Soldado * a. Historical Context * b. The Legendary Protector of Migrants * C. CONCLUSION * LIST OF REFERENCES * FOOTNOTES
Author: Michael D. Lyman Publisher: Prentice Hall ISBN: 9780133571738 Category : Organized crime Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This is designed to be an introductory text serving several purposes in the field of criminal justice. First, it gives the reader an understanding of the concept of organized crime-what it is and what it is not-and the necessary historical foundation for understanding the evolution, development, and current status of organized crime. Most important, the book is designed to dispel the myth that organized crime is composed exclusively of Italian American criminal groups. Another important component of the book is that drug trafficking plays an important role in the continuing proliferation of organized crime groups. The existence of the illegal drug trade says much about both the groups that traffic in illicit drugs and the members of society who use these drugs, consequently lending support to organized criminals. Finally, terrorism has dominated public policy since September 11, 2001. With increasing global awareness of terrorist organizations and those who belong to them, traditional models of terrorism have been challenged because the structure, financing, and recruiting mechanisms of such organizations are becoming more and more like their criminal counterparts in conventional organized crime. Logically organized and highly readable, the text promotes learning with extensive pedagogical features, from critical thinking projects to suggested readings.
Author: Mitchel P. Roth Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA ISBN: Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 265
Book Description
This book offers a comprehensive, multidimensional look into the major activities, groups, causes, and policing strategies related to global organized crime. Global Organized Crime: A Reference Handbook examines global organized crime dating back to its 17th-century roots. Unlike most works on the subject, which take a parochial approach by concentrating on individual countries or regions, this book uniquely details the impact of 21st-century globalization on such groups and their activities. Exploring the continuum of international organized crime and related developments from its early beginnings to the present era, the book also looks at the complicated issues that continue to influence its growth. It covers the impact of the end of the Cold War, immigration, the global drug trade, weapons sales, human smuggling and trafficking, the convergence of funding sources, and the effects of technology. What especially distinguishes this book is the connections it makes between organized crime activities and failed states, civil wars, political transitions, regional conflicts, and terrorist groups.
Author: RobertJ. Bunker Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1351547658 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 165
Book Description
Concerns over the changing nature of gangs and cartels and their relationships to states in the late 20th and early 21st centuries has resulted in the emergence of a scholarly body of work focused on their national security threat potentials. This body of work, utilizing the third generation gangs and third phase cartel typologies, represents an alternative to traditional gang and organized crime research and one that is increasingly influencing the US defense community. Rather than being viewed only as misguided youth and opportunistic criminals or, in their mature forms, as criminal organizations with no broader social or political agendas, more evolved gangs and cartels, are instead seen as developing political, mercenary, and state-challenging capacities. This evolutionary process has emerged due to the growing illicit economy and other unintended consequences of globalization.This important anthology of writings by Robert J. Bunker and John P. Sullivan draws upon a collection of their works from the mid-1990s to the present with the addition of new essays written specifically for this publication. The work will be of great interest to academics and students in the fields of political science and criminal justice and to military, law enforcement, and governmental professionals and policy makers.This book is a collection of new and previously published works from a variety of publications, a full list of which is on the Citation Information page.
Author: Kristin M. Finklea Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437920039 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 33
Book Description
Contents: (1) Intro.; (2) Definitions of Organized Crime (OC); (3)Background: Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act; OC Control Act and RICO; Asset Forfeiture and Money Laundering Statutes; More Recent Fed. Attention to OC; (4) Fed. Law Enforcement Efforts to Combat OC; (5) Federal Investigations and Prosecutions of OC; (6) Current OC Trends: OC Groups Operating in the U.S.: Eurasian/Russian; Asian; Italian; Balkan; Other OC Groups; (7) Domestic Impact of OC: Impact of OC on the Economy; Money Laundering; Cigarette Trafficking; Piracy and Counterfeiting; OC and Terrorists; (8) Potential Issues for Congress: Fed. OC Resources; Multilateral Crime Fighting; Potential OC Nexus with Terrorism; (9) Legis. in the 111th Cong.
Author: Dennis M. P. McCarthy Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136705821 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 331
Book Description
This book is a comparative study of organized crime groups from five different parts of the world: Europe; North America; Central America/South America/Caribbean basin; Africa; and Asia/Western Pacific. Each part contains two case studies and a shorter essay, a vignette. From Europe the case studies focus on the Italian mafias and the Russian mafia; the vignette, on the Albanian mafia. From North America the case studies highlight the US Mafia and the Mexican drug cartels; the vignette, organized crime in Canada. From Central America/South America/Caribbean basin the case studies concentrate on the Colombian drug cartels and gangs of the Caribbean; the vignette, on organized crime in Cuba. From Africa the case studies examine resource wars and Somali piracy; the vignette, relations among international drugs trafficking, organized crime, and terrorism in North and West Africa. And from Asia/Western Pacific the case studies spotlight the Chinese Triads and Japanese Yakuza; the vignette, relations among international drugs trafficking, organized crime, and terrorism in Afghanistan. Written in non-specialist language, An Economic History of Organized Crime provides an original overview of a crucial problem of our times: the growing scourge of global organized crime. This book can be read with profit by the general public, but it also has value for academic specialists and professionals in law enforcement.
Author: Stephen Mallory Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Publishers ISBN: 1449622577 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 327
Book Description
Today, the world is facing an increasing impact from established organized crime, emerging transnational organized crime, and gangs that requires an understanding of who and what these organizations are and how they achieve their goals. Updated to include new and relevant research and statistics, Understanding Organized Crime, Second Edition provides students with a better understanding of how and why these criminal groups continue to dominate the world of crime and what law enforcement must do to address this threat. Written by a leading expert in the field and based on his experience and academic research, Understanding Organized Crime, Second Edition is a comprehensive introduction to the subject and includes coverage of the types of organized crime, definitions of organized crime, why it continues to exist, and how it has evolved throughout history. Material covered includes the structure and hierarchy of each organization, their methods of operation, and the techniques and laws used by law enforcement to address the dynamic nature of domestic and transnational organized crime. Using the author’s unique approach to the topic, students will learn about organized crime through the eyes of the criminal investigator, and how law-enforcement practitioners today are counteracting these criminal organizations. New and Key Features of the Second Edition: • Revised and updated to include new and relevant research, statistics, and case studies to help students understand the true nature of organized crime and the players involved. • Chapter 5 (Mexican Drug Trafficking Organizations) has been updated to include the most recent information on new alliances and wars over territories and smuggling routes between established cartels and emerging organizations in Mexico. • A new chapter, The Nexus of Transnational Organized Crime and Terrorism, addresses the increasing connections between terrorist groups and transnational organized crime, including new challenges facing governments and law enforcement in identifying and prosecuting these cooperative networks. • Provides information outlining the new age of piracy that has resulted in the creation of task forces that focus on areas around the Gulf of Aden off the coast of Somalia. • Additional and updated information is now included in the chapters on the Russian Mafia, the Italian-American Mafia, the Yakuza, and Outlaw Bikers. Instructor Resources: *Test Bank *Microsoft PowerPoint slides Student Resources: * Companion Website (secure) featuring: -interactive glossary -interactive flashcards -practice exercises -and more!
Author: Jarrett Blaustein Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield ISBN: 1786611023 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 275
Book Description
Unraveling the Crime-Development Nexus interrogates the claim that crime represents a significant threat to economic development. Combining historical analysis with a unique empirical perspective based on interviews with high-level international crime policy insiders, it accounts for how and why the ‘crime-development nexus’ has been invoked by international actors, including the United Nations, to advance and secure variations of a global capitalist development agenda since the 19th Century. Drawing on perspectives anchored in critical criminology, International Relations, and development studies, Unraveling the Crime Development Nexus reveals that the international crime policy agenda today remains overwhelmingly responsive to those who benefit from the further expansion of neoliberal globalisation, while simultaneously marginalising subordinate actors throughout the ‘developing’ world. The book concludes by considering how international organisations, civil society actors, and major donors might support a more equitable and sustainable model of global crime governance that addresses the structural causes of crime and uneven development at a global level.
Author: Don Liddick Publisher: ISBN: Category : African American women Languages : en Pages : 380
Book Description
Part I analyzes the public's perception of organized crime, discusses common myths, describes the most important attributes, addresses issues related to definition, and provides an in-depth look at contemporary global criminal enterprises. Part II is a history of organized crime in the United States from colonial America to the present day. It includes descriptions of the principal enterprises, of how American organized crooks operate, stresses the evolving nature of the phenomenon and discusses the integral part played by political and economic elites. Part III focuses on theoretical issues, describes the sociological foundation, the development of organized crime theories and major organized crime paradigms.
Author: U. S. Military
Author: U. S. Military
Author: Michael D. Lyman
Author: Mitchel P. Roth
Author: RobertJ. Bunker
Author: Kristin M. Finklea
Author: Dennis M. P. McCarthy
Author: Stephen Mallory
Author: Michael Benson
Author: Jarrett Blaustein
Author: Don Liddick