Order-disorder Phenomena PDF Download

Author: Herbert S. Green
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crystal lattices
Languages : en
Pages : 382

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Author: Keith Frye
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0879331844
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 532

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Book Description
The Encyclopedia of Mineralogy provides comprehensive, basic treatment of the science of mineralogy. More than 140 articles by internationally known scholars and research workers describe specific areas of mineralogical interest, and a glossary of 3000 entries defines all valid mineral species and many related mineral names. In addition to traditional topics - descriptions of major structural groups, methods of mineral analysis, and the paragenesis of mineral species - this volume embraces such subjects as asbestiform minerals, minerals found in caves and in living beings, and gems and gemology. It includes current data on the latest in our geological inventories - lunar minerals. It describes the properties, characteristics, and uses of industrial resources such as abrasive materials and Portland cement. A directory will guide traveling mineralogists to the major mineralogical museums of the world, with their special interests noted. Clear technical illustrations supplement the text throughout. To help the student and professional find particular information there are a comprehensive subject index, extensive cross-references of related topics (whether in this volume or others in the series), and reference lists to background information and detailed advanced treatment of all topics. The Encyclopedia of Mineralogy is a valuable reference and source for professionals in all geological sciences, for science teachers at all levels, for collectors and `rock hounds', and for all who are curious about the minerals on earth or those brought back from outer space.

Author: Didier Sornette
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 366204174X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 445

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A modern up-to-date introduction for readers outside statistical physics. It puts emphasis on a clear understanding of concepts and methods and provides the tools that can be of immediate use in applications.

Author: Giambattista Giacomin
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642211569
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 140

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Book Description
Understanding the effect of disorder on critical phenomena is a central issue in statistical mechanics. In probabilistic terms: what happens if we perturb a system exhibiting a phase transition by introducing a random environment? The physics community has approached this very broad question by aiming at general criteria that tell whether or not the addition of disorder changes the critical properties of a model: some of the predictions are truly striking and mathematically challenging. We approach this domain of ideas by focusing on a specific class of models, the "pinning models," for which a series of recent mathematical works has essentially put all the main predictions of the physics community on firm footing; in some cases, mathematicians have even gone beyond, settling a number of controversial issues. But the purpose of these notes, beyond treating the pinning models in full detail, is also to convey the gist, or at least the flavor, of the "overall picture," which is, in many respects, unfamiliar territory for mathematicians.

Author: Jibamitra Ganguly
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461390192
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 580

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Book Description
One of the fundamental objectives of physical geochemistry is to understand the evolution of geochemical systems from microscopic to regional and global scales. At present there seems to be a general recognition of the fact that internal properties of minerals record important aspects of the evolutionary history of their host rocks which may be unraveled by very fine scale observations. A major focus in the development of geochemical research in the last thirty years has been the application of classical thermodynamics to reconstruct the conditions at which the states of quenched mineralogical properties of rocks have equilibrated during the course of their evolution. While these works have funda mentally influenced our understanding ofthe physico-chemical history ofrocks, in recent years petrologists, mineralogists, and geochemists have been making greater efforts towards the application of kinetic theories in order to develop a better appreciation of the temporal details of geochemical processes. The present volume brings together a variety of current research on transport in systems of geochemical interest from atomic to outcrop scales. A major theme is atomic migration or diffusion, and its various manifestations on microscopic and macroscopic scales. Transport in the solid state is controlled by diffusion and is responsible for the states of atomic ordering and relaxation of composi tional zoning in minerals, development of compositional zoning during cooling, exsolution lamellae, and creep.

Author: Gust Bambakidis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475758146
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 384

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In the last five years, the study of metal hydrides has ex panded enormously due to the potential technological importance of this class of materials in hydrogen based energy conversion schemes. The scope of this activity has been worldwide among the industrially advanced nations. There has been a consensus among researchers in both fundamental and applied areas that a more basic understanding of the properties of metal/hydrogen syster;,s is required in order to provide a rational basis for the selection of materials for specific applications. The current worldwide need for and interest in research in metal hydrides indicated the timeliness of an Advanced Study Insti tute to provide an in-depth view of the field for those active in its various aspects. The inclusion of speakers from non-NATO coun tries provided the opportunity for cross-fertilization of ideas for future research. While the emphasis of the Institute was on basic properties, there was a conscious effort to stimulate interest in the application of metal hydrides to solar/hydrogen energy conver sion schemes in land areas where solar energy has promise as a primary energy source. In addition to the lectures, several seminars were given which treated topics of special interest in greater detail.

Author: E. J. Mittemeijer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527649905
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 563

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Book Description
The role of diffraction methods for the solid-state sciences has been pivotal to determining the (micro)structure of a material. Particularly, the expanding activities in materials science have led to the development of new methods for analysis by diffraction. This book offers an authoritative overview of the new developments in the field of analysis of matter by (in particular X-ray, electron and neutron) diffraction. It is composed of chapters written by leading experts on 'modern diffraction methods'. The focus in the various chapters of this book is on the current forefront of research on and applications for diffraction methods. This unique book provides descriptions of the 'state of the art' and, at the same time, identifies avenues for future research. The book assumes only a basic knowledge of solid-state physics and allows the application of the described methods by the readers of the book (either graduate students or mature scientists).

Author: Frank H. Stillinger
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691166803
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 522

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Book Description
This book presents an authoritative and in-depth treatment of potential energy landscape theory, a powerful analytical approach to describing the atomic and molecular interactions in condensed-matter phenomena. Drawing on the latest developments in the computational modeling of many-body systems, Frank Stillinger applies this approach to a diverse range of substances and systems, including crystals, liquids, glasses and other amorphous solids, polymers, and solvent-suspended biomolecules. Stillinger focuses on the topography of the multidimensional potential energy hypersurface created when a large number of atoms or molecules simultaneously interact with one another. He explains how the complex landscape topography separates uniquely into individual "basins," each containing a local potential energy minimum or "inherent structure," and he shows how to identify interbasin transition states—saddle points—that reside in shared basin boundaries. Stillinger describes how inherent structures and their basins can be classified and enumerated by depth, curvatures, and other attributes, and how those enumerations lead logically from vastly complicated multidimensional landscapes to properties observed in the real three-dimensional world. Essential for practitioners and students across a variety of fields, the book illustrates how this approach applies equally to systems whose nuclear motions are intrinsically quantum mechanical or classical, and provides novel strategies for numerical simulation computations directed toward diverse condensed-matter systems.

Author: Donald H. Lindsley
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 1501508687
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 524

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Book Description
Volume 25 of Reviews in Mineralogy was published to be used as the textbook for the Short Course on Fe-Ti Oxides: Their Petrologic and Magnetic Significance, held May 24-27, 1991, organized by B.R. Frost, D.H. Lindsley, and SK Banerjee and jointly sponsored by the Mineralogical Society of America and the American Geophysical Union. It has been fourteen and a half years since the last MSA Short Course on Oxide Minerals and the appearance of Volume 3 of Reviews in Mineralogy. Much progress has been made in the interim. This is particularly evident in the coverage of the thermodynamic properties of oxide minerals: nothing in Volume 3, while in contrast, Volume 25 has three chapters (6, 7, and 8) presenting various aspects of the thermodynamics of oxide minerals; and other chapters (9, 11, 12) build extensively on thermodynamic models. The coverage of magnetic properties has also been considerably expanded (Chapters 4, 8, and 14). Finally, the interaction of oxides and silicates is emphasized in Chapters 9, 11, 12, 13, and 14. Because Volume 3 is out of print and will not be readily available to newcomers to our science, as much as possible we have tried to make Volume 25 a replacement for, rather than a supplement to, the earlier volume. Chapters on crystal chemistry, phase equilibria, and oxide minerals in both igneous and metamorphic rocks have been rewritten or extensively revised.

Author: N.A. Gokcen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489913734
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 403

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Book Description
This edition of Thermodynamics is a thoroughly revised, streamlined, and cor rected version of the book of the same title, first published in 1975. It is intended for students, practicing engineers, and specialists in materials sciences, metallur gical engineering, chemical engineering, chemistry, electrochemistry, and related fields. The present edition contains many additional numerical examples and prob lems. Greater emphasis is put on the application of thermodynamics to chemical, materials, and metallurgical problems. The SI system has been used through out the textbook. In addition, a floppy disk for chemical equilibrium calculations is enclosed inside the back cover. It contains the data for the elements, oxides, halides, sulfides, and other inorganic compounds. The subject material presented in chapters III to XIV formed the basis of a thermodynamics course offered by one of the authors (R.G. Reddy) for the last 14 years at the University of Nevada, Reno. The subject matter in this book is based on a minimum number of laws, axioms, and postulates. This procedure avoids unnecessary repetitions, often encountered in books based on historical sequence of development in thermodynamics. For example, the Clapeyron equation, the van't Hoff equation, and the Nernst distribution law all refer to the Gibbs energy changes of relevant processes, and they need not be presented as radically different relationships.