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Author: Egija Zaura Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889195767 Category : Infectious and parasitic diseases Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
The oral cavity harbors an immense diversity of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa and viruses. At health, oral microbial community is thought to be in a state of homeostasis, even after numerous perturbations (e.g., toothbrushing, food intake) a day. The breach in this homeostasis can occur for instance if the perturbations become too excessive (e.g., frequent carbohydrate intake leading to acidification of the community) or the host is compromised (e.g., inadequate immune response resulting in persistent inflammation of periodontal tissue). Aggressive antimicrobial therapy (e.g., antibiotics in case of periodontal disease or preventive antibiotic therapy before and after dental extractions) is commonly applied with all the negative consequences of this approach. So far little is known on the interplay between the environmental, host and microbial factors in maintaining an ecological balance. What are the prerequisites for a healthy oral ecosystem? Can we restore an unbalanced oral microbiome? How stable is the oral microbiome through time and how robust it is to external perturbations? Gaining new insights in the ecological factors sustaining oral health will lead to conceptually new therapies and preventive programs. Recent advances in high throughput technologies have brought microbiology as a science to a new era, allowing an open-ended approach instead of focusing on few opportunistic pathogens. With this topic we would like to integrate the current high-throughput ‘omics’ tools such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics or metabolomics with biochemical, physiological, genetic or clinical parameters within the oral microbial ecosystem. We aim to address questions underlying the regulation of the ecological balance in the oral cavity by including the following areas: • Ecology of oral microbiome at health • Ecology of oral microbiome under oral diseases • Ecology of oral microbiome during non-oral diseases • Shifts in the oral microbiome by therapeutic approaches (e.g., antimicrobials, replacement therapy, pre- and probiotics) • Modeling of oral ecological shifts (e.g., animal models, in vitro microcosm models) • Complex inter- and intra-kingdom interactions (e.g., bacterial-fungal-host) related to oral ecology • Environmental (e.g., diet, tobacco), host-related (e.g., immune response, saliva composition and flow) and biotic (e.g., bacterial competition) factors influencing oral ecology • Geographic variation in oral microbial ecology and diversity
Author: Egija Zaura Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889195767 Category : Infectious and parasitic diseases Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
The oral cavity harbors an immense diversity of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa and viruses. At health, oral microbial community is thought to be in a state of homeostasis, even after numerous perturbations (e.g., toothbrushing, food intake) a day. The breach in this homeostasis can occur for instance if the perturbations become too excessive (e.g., frequent carbohydrate intake leading to acidification of the community) or the host is compromised (e.g., inadequate immune response resulting in persistent inflammation of periodontal tissue). Aggressive antimicrobial therapy (e.g., antibiotics in case of periodontal disease or preventive antibiotic therapy before and after dental extractions) is commonly applied with all the negative consequences of this approach. So far little is known on the interplay between the environmental, host and microbial factors in maintaining an ecological balance. What are the prerequisites for a healthy oral ecosystem? Can we restore an unbalanced oral microbiome? How stable is the oral microbiome through time and how robust it is to external perturbations? Gaining new insights in the ecological factors sustaining oral health will lead to conceptually new therapies and preventive programs. Recent advances in high throughput technologies have brought microbiology as a science to a new era, allowing an open-ended approach instead of focusing on few opportunistic pathogens. With this topic we would like to integrate the current high-throughput ‘omics’ tools such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics or metabolomics with biochemical, physiological, genetic or clinical parameters within the oral microbial ecosystem. We aim to address questions underlying the regulation of the ecological balance in the oral cavity by including the following areas: • Ecology of oral microbiome at health • Ecology of oral microbiome under oral diseases • Ecology of oral microbiome during non-oral diseases • Shifts in the oral microbiome by therapeutic approaches (e.g., antimicrobials, replacement therapy, pre- and probiotics) • Modeling of oral ecological shifts (e.g., animal models, in vitro microcosm models) • Complex inter- and intra-kingdom interactions (e.g., bacterial-fungal-host) related to oral ecology • Environmental (e.g., diet, tobacco), host-related (e.g., immune response, saliva composition and flow) and biotic (e.g., bacterial competition) factors influencing oral ecology • Geographic variation in oral microbial ecology and diversity
Author: Nicholas S. Jakubovics Publisher: Caister Academic Press Limited ISBN: 9781908230171 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The oral cavity supports a rich and diverse microbial population. Oral health is dependent on the maintenance of stable microbial communities; disease occurs when this balance is disturbed and more pathogenic species outgrow the commensals. Health and disease in the mouth are active processes in which the ecology of communities, not of single organisms, is paramount. In this book, expert contributors from around the world provide an update on recent developments in the burgeoning field of oral microbial ecology. The chapters are arranged into five sections: microbial populations in oral biofilms, the structure of oral biofilms, communication and sensing within biofilms, health to disease, and new approaches for oral biofilm control. The various topics include: population biology * detection and culture of novel oral bacteria * bacterial catabolism of salivary substrates * structural organization of oral biofilms * the extracellular polysaccharides matrix * extracellular proteins and DNA in the matrix * a holistic view of inter-species bacterial interactions * environmental sensory perception * microbial community interactions of Streptococcus mutans * biofilms in periodontal health and disease * oral biofilms as a reservoir for pathogens * oral biofilms as a device for therapeutic agents * probiotics in oral healthcare. The book is an essential text for scientists interested in oral microbiology, bacterial communities, and biofilms. It is also recommended reading for anyone working in the areas of oral health, the pathogenesis of dental caries, and periodontal disease.
Author: Paul E. Kolenbrander Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Press ISBN: 1555815030 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 617
Book Description
Understand how the intricacies of multispecies community life are related to human oral health. * Explores the immense opportunities presented by readily accessible, genetically tractable, genome-sequenced oral species that naturally form multispecies communities. * Highlights model systems that study oral bacterial interactions, including biofilm growth using saliva as the source of nutrition. * Emphasizes the use of genomic inquiry to probe the human oral microbiome.
Author: P. Marsh Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1461575567 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
would also like to thank the following individuals and publishers for granting permission to reproduce data or figures: Alan Dolby (Figure 6.2) and Pauline Handley (Figure 4.5, Table 4.6); American Society for Microbiology (Figure 4.5); Cambridge University Press (Figure 7.3, Table 7.7); Harwood Academic Publishers (Table 4.6); Journal of Dental Research (Tables 6.9 and 6.10); and MTP Press Ltd (Figures 2.6 and 4.2, Table 6.1). Particular thanks also go to our families who have put up with so much during the preparation of this book. P. D. Marsh, Salisbury M. V. Martin, Liverpool Preface to the second edition Oral microbiology forms an important part of the curriculum of dental students while the multidisciplinary nature of the research in this area means that studies of the adherence, metabolism and pathogenicity of oral bacteria are equally relevant to microbiologists. The success of the first edition of Oral Microbiology stems in part from the fact that the book satisfies successfully the needs of both of these groups of students as well as those of general dental practitioners, medical students and senior scientists.
Author: Xuedong Zhou Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811578990 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 368
Book Description
This book is the second edition of Atlas of Oral Microbiology: From Healthy Microflora to Disease (ISBN 978-0-12-802234-4), with two new features: we add about 60 pictures of 14 newly isolated microbes from human dental plaque, at the same time, we re-organize the content of this book and provide more research progress about the oral microbiome bank of China, the invasion of oral microbiota into the gut, and the relationships between Oral Microflora and Human Diseases. This book is keeping up with the advanced edge of the international research field of oral microbiology. It innovatively gives us a complete description of the oral microbial systems according to different oral ecosystems. It collects a large number of oral microbial pictures, including cultural pictures, colonies photos, and electron microscopy photos. It is by far the most abundant oral microbiology atlas consists of the largest number of pictures. In the meantime, it also described in detail a variety of experimental techniques, including microbiological isolation, culture, and identification. It is an atlas with strong practical function. The editors and writers of this book have long been engaged in teaching and research work in oral microbiology and oral microecology. This book deserves a broad audience, and it will meet the needs of researchers, clinicians, teachers, and students major in biology, dental medicine, basic medicine, or clinical medicine. It can also be used to facilitate teaching and international academic exchanges.
Author: Richard J. Lamont Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1555819990 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 565
Book Description
The field of oral microbiology has seen fundamental conceptual changes in recent years. Microbial communities are now seen as the fundamental etiological agent in oral diseases through their interface with host inflammatory responses. Study of structured microbial communities has increased our understanding of the roles of each member in the pathogenesis of oral diseases, principles that apply to both periodontitis and dental caries. Against this backdrop, the third edition of Oral Microbiology and Immunology has been substantially expanded and rewritten by an international team of authors and editors. Featured in the current edition are: links between oral infections and systemic disease revised and updated overview of the role of the immune system in oral infections thorough discussions of biofilm development and control more extensive illustrations and Key Points for student understanding Graduate students, researchers, and clinicians as well as students will find this new edition valuable in study and practice. The field of oral microbiology has seen fundamental conceptual changes in recent years. Microbial communities are now seen as the fundamental etiological agent in oral diseases through their interface with host inflammatory responses. Study of structured microbial communities has increased our understanding of the roles of each member in the pathogenesis of oral diseases, principles that apply to both periodontitis and dental caries. Against this backdrop, the third edition of Oral Microbiology and Immunology has been substantially expanded and rewritten by an international team of authors and editors. Featured in the current edition are: links between oral infections and systemic disease revised and updated overview of the role of the immune system in oral infections thorough discussions of biofilm development and control more extensive illustrations and Key Points for student understanding Graduate students, researchers, and clinicians as well as students will find this new edition valuable in study and practice.
Author: Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9535124358 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 526
Book Description
In the book Microbial Biofilms: Importance and applications, eminent scientists provide an up-to-date review of the present and future trends on biofilm-related research. This book is divided with four subdivisions as biofilm fundamentals, applications, health aspects, and their control. Moreover, this book also provides a comprehensive account on microbial interactions in biofilms, pyocyanin, and extracellular DNA in facilitating Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation, atomic force microscopic studies of biofilms, and biofilms in beverage industry. The book comprises a total of 21 chapters from valued contributions from world leading experts in Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Serbia, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, and Turkey. This book may be used as a text or reference for everyone interested in biofilms and their applications. It is also highly recommended for environmental microbiologists, soil scientists, medical microbiologists, bioremediation experts, and microbiologists working in biocorrosion, biofouling, biodegradation, water microbiology, quorum sensing, and many other related areas. Scientists in academia, research laboratories, and industry will also find it of interest.
Author: Richard J. Lamont Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0813828929 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 97
Book Description
Oral Microbiology At A Glance is a title in the highly popular at a Glance series. It provides a concise and accessible introduction and revision aid. Following the familiar, easy-to-use at a Glance format, each topic is presented as a double-page spread with key facts accompanied by clear diagrams encapsulating essential information. Systematically organized and succinctly delivered, Oral Microbiology At A Glance covers: Oral microbial origins of health or disease Various infections ranging from dental caries, periodontal and endodontic infections to oral mucosal, bone, and systemic infections Local and systemic extensions of oral infections Sterilization, disinfection, infection control methods, and bioterrorism Oral Microbiology At A Glance is the ideal companion for students of microbiology, all students of dentistry, and early career clinicians. In addition the text will provide valuable insight for general dental practitioners wanting to update their knowledge of oral microbiology and immunology, as well as dental hygienists, therapists and technicians.
Author: S. Eick Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN: 3318068527 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 247
Book Description
Biofilms are highly organized polymicrobial communities that are embedded in an extracellular matrix and formed on natural and artificial surfaces. In the oral cavity, biofilms are formed not only on natural teeth, but also on restorative materials, prosthetic constructions, and dental implants. Oral diseases like caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and also pulp inflammation are associated with biofilms. This publication is an up-to-date overview on oral biofilms from different clinically relevant perspectives. Experts comprising basic researchers and clinicians report on recent research relating to biofilms - from general summaries to recommendations for daily clinical work. This book covers all aspects of oral biofilms, including models used in the laboratory, biofilms in dental water unit lines, periodontal and peri-implant biofilms, caries-related biofilms, halitosis, endodontic biofilms, and Candida infections, as well as biofilms on dental materials and on orthodontic appliances. Several chapters deal with anti-biofilm therapy, from the efficacy of mechanical methods and the use of antimicrobials, to alternative concepts. This publication is particularly recommended to dental medicine students, practitioners, other oral healthcare professionals, and scientists with an interest in translational research on biofilms.
Author: Egija Zaura
Author: Egija Zaura
Author: Nicholas S. Jakubovics
Author: Paul E. Kolenbrander
Author: P. Marsh
Author: Xuedong Zhou
Author: Ned B. Williams
Author: Richard J. Lamont
Author: Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran
Author: Richard J. Lamont
Author: S. Eick