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Author: Christina Malmberg Calvo Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821342480 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 92
Book Description
World Bank Technical Paper No. 409. In developing and transition economies, 60 to 80 percent of all passenger and freight transport moves by road-the main form of access for most rural communities. Yet most of the 11 million kilometers of roads in these economies are badly maintained and poorly managed. This paper discusses one of the most effective ways to promote sound policies for managing and financing road networks--commercialization. It discusses the emerging central concept of bringing roads into the marketplace, putting them on a fee-for-service basis, and managing them like a business.
Author: Christina Malmberg Calvo Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821342480 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 92
Book Description
World Bank Technical Paper No. 409. In developing and transition economies, 60 to 80 percent of all passenger and freight transport moves by road-the main form of access for most rural communities. Yet most of the 11 million kilometers of roads in these economies are badly maintained and poorly managed. This paper discusses one of the most effective ways to promote sound policies for managing and financing road networks--commercialization. It discusses the emerging central concept of bringing roads into the marketplace, putting them on a fee-for-service basis, and managing them like a business.
Author: Mojmir Mrak Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821347973 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 84
Book Description
Annotation Although growth of infrastructure services in Vietnam since the late 1980s greatly facilitated rapid growth in exports and gross domestic product (GDP), Vietnam's infrastructure still suffers from a number of major inadequacies. This report has three main objectives: to describe and assess the current status and performance of key infrastructure sectors; to describe and assess the policy, regulatory, and institutional environment for involving the private sector in those sectors; and to help policymakers in framing future reform and development strategies and to assist potential private sector investors in assessing investment opportunities.
Author: Nina Bubnova Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821348185 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
During the last decade, infrastructure finance and provision graduated from traditional means to more innovative ones, primarily initiated by private companies and supported through their equity and debt. Capital markets increasingly became the main funding source for infrastructure projects worldwide, including investments in developing and transition countries where infrastructure penetration still falls considerably short of needs. Infrastructure bonds served as the most popular method of oil, gas, electricity, telecommunications, and transport project financing in these countries throughout 1990-99, thereby substituting government funding. Using an innovative methodological approach, 'Governance Impact on Private Investment' provides a thorough examination of the effect that governance frameworks, both political and regulatory, have on investors' risk perceptions and on associated costs for infrastructure financing. It identifies those political and regulatory risks that most concern investors. It offers a unique comparative analysis of developed and emerging infrastructure bond markets. The analysis demonstrates how the factors that drive infrastructure finance in the two country groups differ, which helps to identify the policy implications of these factors.
Author: Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780195209921 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 268
Book Description
World Development Report 1994 examines the link between infrastructure and development and explores ways in which developing countries can improve both the provision and the quality of infrastructure services. In recent decades, developing countries have made substantial investments in infrastructure, achieving dramatic gains for households and producers by expanding their access to services such as safe water, sanitation, electric power, telecommunications, and transport. Even more infrastructure investment and expansion are needed in order to extend the reach of services - especially to people living in rural areas and to the poor. But as this report shows, the quantity of investment cannot be the exclusive focus of policy. Improving the quality of infrastructure service also is vital. Both quantity and quality improvements are essential to modernize and diversify production, help countries compete internationally, and accommodate rapid urbanization. The report identifies the basic cause of poor past performance as inadequate institutional incentives for improving the provision of infrastructure. To promote more efficient and responsive service delivery, incentives need to be changed through commercial management, competition, and user involvement. Several trends are helping to improve the performance of infrastructure. First, innovation in technology and in the regulatory management of markets makes more diversity possible in the supply of services. Second, an evaluation of the role of government is leading to a shift from direct government provision of services to increasing private sector provision and recent experience in many countries with public-private partnerships is highlighting new ways to increase efficiency and expand services. Third, increased concern about social and environmental sustainability has heightened public interest in infrastructure design and performance.
Author: Steven Jaffee Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821344224 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 212
Book Description
Recent economic reforms and political changes within Southern Africa have opened up new opportunities for intra-regional agricultural trade and other forms of agribusiness collaboration. This collaboration is vital, given the relatively small size of individual country markets and the fact that no single country in the region has the resources and capacity to mount a sustained drive to achieve international market prominence and competitiveness. This study examines private sector perceptions regarding the agribusiness investment environment and the scope for regional collaboration in Southern Africa. It then presents a series of case studies highlighting experiences in such collaboration as well as additional opportunities and constraints. The case studies illustrate the varied forms that this intra-regional collaboration has or could take, including the transfer of technologies and management systems, joint logistics and international marketing, cross-border investment, product research and development, human resource development, raw material sourcing, and regional trade in inputs and consumer products. Both the agribusiness company survey and the industry case studies include recommendations for policymakers, agribusiness managers/representatives, and agricultural and private sector development practitioners.
Author: Csaba Csáki Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821344873 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 140
Book Description
With appropriate preparation and policies, the enlargement of the European Union (EU) will result in a broader and higher-level integration of European agriculture, create an environment more conducive to further liberalization of global agricultural trade, and lead to further opening of European markets.As part of the World Bank's Strategic Compact Initiative, the Bank has coordinated activities to help the ten EU accession countries achieve EU membership. These activities include the preparation of studies to facilitate implementation of necessary reforms and sponsoring seminars and workshops to disseminate and analyze the results. This volume presents the major papers and summaries of one of the Workshop deliberations. This volume includes the following topics: • lessons learned from other regional agricultural trade agreements • the evolution of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) • an analysis of the economic impact of trade flows • the harmonization of agricultural policies within trade agreements • the implications of the external trade environment for the accession countries • the role of sanitary and phytosanitary trade rule in EU accession • quantifying the incentive and farm income effects of agricultural support policies in transition economies • major challenges to agricultural input regulation and trade during transition and EU accession • concluding comments by the World Bank.
Author: Michelle Riboud Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821345948 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 52
Book Description
Although the official rhetoric in most transition economies has been in favor of foreign direct investment (FDI), few countries have succeeded in attracting sizable inflows. Hungary stands out among those countries that have done so effectively. Several factors helped Hungary to get ahead of other transition economies in terms of attracting FDI. This volume analyzes Hungary's achievement, the scope and depth of FDI and the effect of FDI on Hungary's economy and foreign trade. This report will interest European Union member and candidate countries, foreign ministries, think tanks, and libraries.
Author: Gloria La Cava Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821346679 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 90
Book Description
During Albania's transition from a centralized economy to one anchored in a body of Western laws, deep social unrest, widespread poverty, uncontrolled migration, and the reemergence of clan-based loyalties have led to an increase in the most vulnerable population groups. These groups are more likely to be marginalized by the economic cycle, thus making it more difficult to ensure asuccessful transition. One purpose of the study is to identify key emerging social issues and problems in Albania and determine their causes. However, the main purpose of this report is to propose a short- to medium-term action strategy to guide and connect social policy and assistance initiatives targeted to the vulnerable groups in areas where they are most numerous, through a bottom-up approach.
Author: Peter Quaak Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821343357 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 112
Book Description
While energy is essential for development, standard fossil fuels are often in short supply in countries where it is needed most. However, alternative fuel resources abound in the form of agricultural and municipal waste or "biomass." This report reviews the state of the art of biomass combustion and gassification systems, their advantages and disadvantages. It also encourages investment in use of these technologies to enable developing countries to better exploit their biomass resources and help close the gap between their energy needs and their energy supply.
Author: Christina Malmberg Calvo
Author: Christina Malmberg Calvo
Author: Chris Donnges
Author: Mojmir Mrak
Author: Nina Bubnova
Author: 
Author: Steven Jaffee
Author: Csaba Csáki
Author: Michelle Riboud
Author: Gloria La Cava
Author: Peter Quaak