Optimization of Chemical Dosing in Water Treatment for Enhanced Coagulation/softening as it Pertains to DBP Removal PDF Download
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Author: Colleen M. Kenny Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 139
Book Description
Treatment facilities out of compliance with EPA regulations are often not using optimal chemical treatment. Determination of the most effective chemical type, combination and concentration can aid in reduction of disinfection by-product precursors. The effects of optimal chemical treatment using enhanced coagulation and enhanced softening was tested on three surface waters (two reservoirs and one lake sources), and one ground water (alluvial wells). Results indicated enhanced coagulation was more effective at removing DBP precursors from waters with higher initial UV-254 absorbance values and lower alkalinities while enhanced softening was more effective for waters with lower initial UV-254 absorbance values and higher alkalinities. In a number of cases, ferric salts outperformed aluminum salts at reducing the DBP formation potential. Redox potential measurements were added to the list of analyses to determine trends and the feasibility of using this parameter as an additional indicator of process efficiency. It is expected that Eh will trend as the inverse of pH. However, this research presents that under constant pH conditions, the Eh readings seem to indicate the destabilization and stabilization processes expected during the coagulation step in drinking water treatment. Comparison of the Eh readings from the start of various treatment stages to the end provides some indication of the effectiveness the enhanced coagulation or enhanced softening process has on the removal of organic precursors for disinfection by-products.
Author: Colleen M. Kenny Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 139
Book Description
Treatment facilities out of compliance with EPA regulations are often not using optimal chemical treatment. Determination of the most effective chemical type, combination and concentration can aid in reduction of disinfection by-product precursors. The effects of optimal chemical treatment using enhanced coagulation and enhanced softening was tested on three surface waters (two reservoirs and one lake sources), and one ground water (alluvial wells). Results indicated enhanced coagulation was more effective at removing DBP precursors from waters with higher initial UV-254 absorbance values and lower alkalinities while enhanced softening was more effective for waters with lower initial UV-254 absorbance values and higher alkalinities. In a number of cases, ferric salts outperformed aluminum salts at reducing the DBP formation potential. Redox potential measurements were added to the list of analyses to determine trends and the feasibility of using this parameter as an additional indicator of process efficiency. It is expected that Eh will trend as the inverse of pH. However, this research presents that under constant pH conditions, the Eh readings seem to indicate the destabilization and stabilization processes expected during the coagulation step in drinking water treatment. Comparison of the Eh readings from the start of various treatment stages to the end provides some indication of the effectiveness the enhanced coagulation or enhanced softening process has on the removal of organic precursors for disinfection by-products.
Author: Justin Wassink Publisher: ISBN: 9780494765814 Category : Languages : en Pages : 300
Book Description
The formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water has become an issue of greater concern in recent years. Bench-scale jar tests were conducted on a surface water to evaluate the impact of enhanced coagulation on the removal of organic DBP precursors and the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). The results of this testing indicate that enhanced coagulation practices can improve treated water quality without increasing coagulant dosage. The data generated were also used to develop artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict THM and HAA formation. Testing of these models showed high correlations between the actual and predicted data. In addition, an experimental plan was developed to use ANNs for treatment optimization at the Peterborough pilot plant.
Author: James DeWolfe Publisher: American Water Works Association ISBN: 9781583212899 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 210
Book Description
This manual is a source document for utilities that are considering a coagulant changeover. It is intended to provide an appreciation of what must be considered for a successful changeover based on the input of U.S. and Canadian utilities (Chapters 1 and 6). New regulatory requirements will likely have the broadest and most substantial impact on primary coagulant use (Chapter 3). The Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR) and Stage 1 Disinfectant and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 1 DBPR) will make finished water requirements more stringent to address microbial removal and the impacts of disinfection. Enhanced Coagulation and/or other operational and treatment practices will be used to achieve these requirements. The science of coagulation (Chapter 4) requires a special focus to address the intricacies of coagulation chemistry. The manual provides a step-by-step methodology to conduct a coagulant changeover using a detailed protocol (Chapter 5) -- background, executive summary.
Author: John Bratby Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1843391066 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 421
Book Description
Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications. Thoroughly revised and updated since the 1st Edition it has been progressively modified and increased in scope to cater for the requirements of practitioners involved with water and wastewater treatment. A thorough gamut of treatment scenarios is attempted, including turbidity, color and organics removal, including the technical aspects of enhanced coagulation. The effects of temperature and ionic content are described as well as the removal of specific substances such as arsenic and phosphorus. Chemical phosphorus removal is dealt with in detail, Rapid mixing for efficient coagulant utilization, and flocculation are dealt with in specific chapters. Water treatment plant waste sludge disposal is dealt with in considerable detail, in an Appendix devoted to this subject. Invaluble for water scientists, engineers and students of this field, Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment is a convenient reference handbook in the form of numerous examples and appended information.
Author: Marc Edwards Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1843398931 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
New USEPA regulations require changes to water treatment that can accelerate infrastructure degradation. One recent regulation of particular concern in this regard is the Enhanced Coagulation Rule, which requires improved removal of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) from water supplies. One of the most common means of improving TOC removal is to enhance existing coagulation treatment processes by reducing coagulation pH or using higher coagulant doses. There is substantial concern that the lowered coagulation pHs and higher coagulant doses will significantly accelerate degradation of infrastructure. The goal of this research was to concisely describe what is known about accelerated degradation of infrastructure from conditions brought about during enhanced coagulation. It was anticipated that such an effort would allow utilities to decrease damage by learning from the experiences of others, reviewing of the literature, and executing some new experiments. Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2004.
Author: Colleen M. Kenny
Author: Colleen M. Kenny
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Author: Justin Wassink
Author: James DeWolfe
Author: John Bratby
Author: Marc Edwards
Author: Gerald E. Speitel
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Author: Eun Kyoung Kim