Optical Pumping Cycle of the Negative Nitrogen-vacancy Centre in Diamond PDF Download

Author: Lachlan James Rogers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Color centers
Languages : en
Pages : 368

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Book Description
The negative Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) colour centre in diamond is an atomic-level impurity that is remarkably well suited for quantum information processing and quantum metrology applications. Underlying these properties is the fact that optical illumination causes the NV centre to preferentially populate one of its three spin levels. The mechanism that gives rise to this spin polarisation has not been well understood, despite intense research interest in the NV centre and its applications. This thesis arrives at an account of the spin polarisation mechanism, although a detailed theoretical treatment remains outstanding. The energy level structure of the NV centre is investigated using techniques of solid state spectroscopy. These include absorption and photoluminescence measurements made on diamonds at cryogenic and room temperatures in the presence of uniaxial stress, magnetic fields, and microwaves. Pulsed light experiments allow the dynamic processes within the NV centre to be measured. It is shown that at room temperature the orbital doublet excited state behaves like an orbital singlet, and this description is elegantly confirmed by single-site observations. This picture of the excited state is inconsistent with cryogenic measurements, and its behaviour is examined across a range of temperatures in order to resolve this tension. It is shown that electron-vibration interaction accounts for the quenching of orbital properties in the excited state with temperature. A new optical transition within the NV centre is reported at a wavelength of 1042 nm. It is established that this transition occurs between the intermediate singlet levels which are thought to provide the decay pathway that produces spin polarisation. The results are consistent with this understanding, and the order and properties of these singlet levels are established. Electron-vibration interaction is observed to be important within the singlet system. It is shown that electron-vibration interaction is an important detail in the NV optical pumping cycle. Taking it into consideration leads to the first plausible physical description of the spin polarisation mechanism. -- provided by Candidate.

Author: Asaf Grosz
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319340700
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 576

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Book Description
This book gathers, for the first time, an overview of nearly all of the magnetic sensors that exist today. The book is offering the readers a thorough and comprehensive knowledge from basics to state-of-the-art and is therefore suitable for both beginners and experts. From the more common and popular AMR magnetometers and up to the recently developed NV center magnetometers, each chapter is describing a specific type of sensor and providing all the information that is necessary to understand the magnetometer behavior including theoretical background, noise model, materials, electronics, design and fabrication techniques, etc.

Author: A.M. Zaitsev
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662045486
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 508

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Book Description
This handbook is the most comprehensive compilation of data on the optical properties of diamond ever written. It presents a multitude of data previously for the first time in English. The author provides quick access to the most comprehensive information on all aspects of the field.

Author: Dmitry Budker
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107010357
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 431

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Book Description
Comprehensive coverage of the principles, technology and diverse applications of optical magnetometry for graduate students and researchers in atomic physics.

Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128202416
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 318

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Book Description
Diamond for Quantum Applications Part 1, Volume 103, the latest release in the Semiconductors and Semimetals series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Semiconductors and Semimetals series Updated release includes the latest information on the use of diamonds for quantum applications

Author: Yoshiro Hirayama
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811666792
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 352

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Book Description
This book presents state-of-the-art research on quantum hybridization, manipulation, and measurement in the context of hybrid quantum systems. It covers a broad range of experimental and theoretical topics relevant to quantum hybridization, manipulation, and measurement technologies, including a magnetic field sensor based on spin qubits in diamond NV centers, coherently coupled superconductor qubits, novel coherent couplings between electron and nuclear spin, photons and phonons, and coherent coupling of atoms and photons. Each topic is concisely described by an expert at the forefront of the field, helping readers quickly catch up on the latest advances in fundamental sciences and technologies of hybrid quantum systems, while also providing an essential overview.

Author: Huan-Cheng Chang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119477085
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 294

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Book Description
The most comprehensive reference on fluorescent nanodiamond physical and chemical properties and contemporary applications Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) have drawn a great deal of attention over the past several years, and their applications and development potential are proving to be manifold and vast. The first and only book of its kind, Fluorescent Nanodiamonds is a comprehensive guide to the basic science and technical information needed to fully understand the fundamentals of FNDs and their potential applications across an array of domains. In demonstrating the importance of FNDs in biological applications, the authors bring together all relevant chemistry, physics, materials science and biology. Nanodiamonds are produced by powerful cataclysmic events such as explosions, volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts. They also can be created in the lab by high-pressure high-temperature treatment of graphite or detonating an explosive in a reactor vessel. A single imperfection can give a nanodiamond a specific, isolated color center which allows it to function as a single, trapped atom. Much smaller than the thickness of a human hair, a nanodiamond can have a huge surface area that allows it to bond with a variety of other materials. Because of their non-toxicity, nanodiamonds may be useful in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and gene therapy. The most comprehensive reference on a topic of rapidly increasing interest among academic and industrial researchers across an array of fields Includes numerous case studies and practical examples from many areas of research and industrial applications, as well as fascinating and instructive historical perspectives Each chapter addresses, in-depth, a single integral topic including the fundamental properties, synthesis, mechanisms and functionalisation of FNDs The first book published by the key patent holder with his research group in the field of FNDs Fluorescent Nanodiamonds is an important working resource for a broad range of scientists and engineers in industry and academia. It will also be a welcome reference for instructors in chemistry, physics, materials science, biology and related fields.

Author: Peter W. Epperlein
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118481860
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 522

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Book Description
This reference book provides a fully integrated novel approach to the development of high-power, single-transverse mode, edge-emitting diode lasers by addressing the complementary topics of device engineering, reliability engineering and device diagnostics in the same book, and thus closes the gap in the current book literature. Diode laser fundamentals are discussed, followed by an elaborate discussion of problem-oriented design guidelines and techniques, and by a systematic treatment of the origins of laser degradation and a thorough exploration of the engineering means to enhance the optical strength of the laser. Stability criteria of critical laser characteristics and key laser robustness factors are discussed along with clear design considerations in the context of reliability engineering approaches and models, and typical programs for reliability tests and laser product qualifications. Novel, advanced diagnostic methods are reviewed to discuss, for the first time in detail in book literature, performance- and reliability-impacting factors such as temperature, stress and material instabilities. Further key features include: practical design guidelines that consider also reliability related effects, key laser robustness factors, basic laser fabrication and packaging issues; detailed discussion of diagnostic investigations of diode lasers, the fundamentals of the applied approaches and techniques, many of them pioneered by the author to be fit-for-purpose and novel in the application; systematic insight into laser degradation modes such as catastrophic optical damage, and a wide range of technologies to increase the optical strength of diode lasers; coverage of basic concepts and techniques of laser reliability engineering with details on a standard commercial high power laser reliability test program. Semiconductor Laser Engineering, Reliability and Diagnostics reflects the extensive expertise of the author in the diode laser field both as a top scientific researcher as well as a key developer of high-power highly reliable devices. With invaluable practical advice, this new reference book is suited to practising researchers in diode laser technologies, and to postgraduate engineering students.

Author: Mohammad D. Al-Amri
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319319035
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 509

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Book Description
Light and light based technologies have played an important role in transforming our lives via scientific contributions spanned over thousands of years. In this book we present a vast collection of articles on various aspects of light and its applications in the contemporary world at a popular or semi-popular level. These articles are written by the world authorities in their respective fields. This is therefore a rare volume where the world experts have come together to present the developments in this most important field of science in an almost pedagogical manner. This volume covers five aspects related to light. The first presents two articles, one on the history of the nature of light, and the other on the scientific achievements of Ibn-Haitham (Alhazen), who is broadly considered the father of modern optics. These are then followed by an article on ultrafast phenomena and the invisible world. The third part includes papers on specific sources of light, the discoveries of which have revolutionized optical technologies in our lifetime. They discuss the nature and the characteristics of lasers, Solid-state lighting based on the Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology, and finally modern electron optics and its relationship to the Muslim golden age in science. The book’s fourth part discusses various applications of optics and light in today's world, including biophotonics, art, optical communication, nanotechnology, the eye as an optical instrument, remote sensing, and optics in medicine. In turn, the last part focuses on quantum optics, a modern field that grew out of the interaction of light and matter. Topics addressed include atom optics, slow, stored and stationary light, optical tests of the foundation of physics, quantum mechanical properties of light fields carrying orbital angular momentum, quantum communication, and Wave-Particle dualism in action.

Author: Walter Koechner
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662142198
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 759

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Book Description
This book has once again been updated to keep pace with recent developments and to maintain Koechner's position as "the bible" of the field. Written from an industrial perspective, it provides a detailed discussion of, and data for, solid-state lasers, their characteristics, design and construction.