Optical Measurements of Soot Particle Size, Number Density, and Temperature in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine as a Function of Speed and Load PDF Download
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Author: Dale R. Tree Publisher: ISBN: Category : Diesel motor Languages : en Pages : 16
Book Description
In-cylinder measurements of soot particle size, number density and temperature have been made using optical measurements in a direct injection diesel engine. The measurements were made at one location approximately 5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide above the bowl near the head. Two optical techniques were used simultaneously involving light scattering extinction and radiation. An optical probe was designed and mounted in a modified exhaust valve which introduced a beam of light into the cylinder and collected the scattered and radiating light from the soot. The resulting measurements were semi-quantitative, giving an absolute uncertainty on the order of + or - 50% which was attributed mainly to the uncertainty of the optical properties of the soot and the heterogeneous nature of the soot cloud. Measurements at three speeds and three overall equivalence ratios were made. For all of the operating conditions the soot in the measurement volume increased in size to a maximum followed by a rapid decrease. The peak soot diameters were in a range of 30 - 50 nm. Peak soot diameter, soot volume fraction, and soot temperature appeared to increase with equivalence ratio at the measurement location. The results also suggested the soot cloud to be very dense with peak soot volume fraction near 4-6 x 10-6 and thick with a soot cloud thickness approximately 0.4 - 0.6 times the length from the piston to the head.
Author: Dale R. Tree Publisher: ISBN: Category : Diesel motor Languages : en Pages : 16
Book Description
In-cylinder measurements of soot particle size, number density and temperature have been made using optical measurements in a direct injection diesel engine. The measurements were made at one location approximately 5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide above the bowl near the head. Two optical techniques were used simultaneously involving light scattering extinction and radiation. An optical probe was designed and mounted in a modified exhaust valve which introduced a beam of light into the cylinder and collected the scattered and radiating light from the soot. The resulting measurements were semi-quantitative, giving an absolute uncertainty on the order of + or - 50% which was attributed mainly to the uncertainty of the optical properties of the soot and the heterogeneous nature of the soot cloud. Measurements at three speeds and three overall equivalence ratios were made. For all of the operating conditions the soot in the measurement volume increased in size to a maximum followed by a rapid decrease. The peak soot diameters were in a range of 30 - 50 nm. Peak soot diameter, soot volume fraction, and soot temperature appeared to increase with equivalence ratio at the measurement location. The results also suggested the soot cloud to be very dense with peak soot volume fraction near 4-6 x 10-6 and thick with a soot cloud thickness approximately 0.4 - 0.6 times the length from the piston to the head.
Author: John H Johnson Publisher: SAE International ISBN: 0768009987 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 636
Book Description
The need for manufacturers to meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mobile source diesel emissions standards for on-highway light duty and heavy duty vehicles has been the driving force for the control of diesel particulate and NOx emissions reductions. Diesel Particulate Emissions: Landmark Research 1994-2001 contains the latest research and development findings that will help guide engineers to achieve low particulate emissions from future engines. Based on extensive SAE literature from the past seven years, the 45 papers in this book have been selected from the SAE Transactions Journals.
Author: Hua Zhao Publisher: SAE International ISBN: 0768040345 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 854
Book Description
This book provides a complete description of instrumentation and in-cylinder measurement techniques for internal combustion engines. Written primarily for researchers and engineers involved in advanced research and development of internal combustion engines, the book provides an introduction to the instrumentation and experimental techniques, with particular emphasis on diagnostic techniques for in-cylinder measurements.
Author: Avinash Kumar Agarwal Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811332878 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 239
Book Description
This book discusses the emerging research centred on using methanol- whose excellent fuel properties, easy production and relative compatibility with existing technology- make it attractive to researchers looking to alternative fuels to meet the rising energy demand. The volume is divided into broadly 4 parts which discuss various aspects of the proposed methanol economy and the technological advances in engine design for the utilisation of this fuel. This book will be of interest to researchers and policy makers interested in using methanol as the principal source of ready and stored energy in societal functioning.
Author: Kalam Abul Azad Publisher: Woodhead Publishing ISBN: 0081027923 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 502
Book Description
Advanced Biofuels: Applications, Technologies, and Environmental Sustainability presents recent developments and applications of biofuels in the field of internal combustion engines, with a primary focus on the recent approaches of biodiesel applications, low emission alternative fuels, and environmental sustainability. Editors Dr. Azad and Dr. Rasul, along with their team of expert contributors, combine a collection of extensive experimental investigations on engine performance and emissions and combustion phenomena using different types of oxygenated fuel with in-depth research on fuel applications, an analysis of available technologies and resources, energy efficiency improvement methods, and applications of oxygenated fuel for the sustainable environment. Academics, researchers, engineers and technologists will develop a greater understanding of the relevant concepts and solutions to the global issues related to achieving alternative energy application for future energy security, as well as environmental sustainability in medium and large-scale industries. Fills a gap in the literature on alternative fuel applications with in-depth research and experimental investigations of different approaches, technologies and applications Considers the important issue of sustainability using case studies to deepen understanding Includes energy security within various industries, including aviation and transport
Author: Barbara Menkiel Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This study is dedicated to investigation of soot formed during combustion in diesel engine. Measurements were performed in a high speed direct injection optical diesel engine. Initially soot particle size, size distribution and soot volume fraction were investigated using time resolved laser induced incandescence (TR-LII) technique. For this study standard diesel fuel was used and measurements were performed for various injection timing and two different engine loads. Investigation showed that TR-LII is a powerful tool that can be used for characterization of in-cylinder soot in the engines. Subsequently TR-LII technique was developed to measure in-cylinder soot in two dimensional plane (planar laser induced incandescence PLII) and technique was combined with high speed imaging to investigate soot processes for ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and bio-fuel (RME). Two injection strategies of single and double injection were applied during these measurements. A high speed imaging technique was used to study the soot formation and oxidation during the combustion process within the cylinder and PLII was applied later in the stroke to study qualitatively the relative amount of un-oxidised soot that was left in the combustion chamber. In addition to PLII, TR-LII technique was used simultaneously to explore crank angle resolved variation of primary soot particle size and their size distribution during the expansion stroke. The same measurements were repeated for fuels with different composition investigating the relationship between the fuel properties and soot emission. Finally mathematical model for soot particle size and distribution width was modified by introducing assumption of multi-lognormal in-cylinder soot particle size distribution.
Author: Dale R. Tree
Author: Dale R. Tree
Author: John H Johnson
Author: Hua Zhao
Author: Dale Reif Tree
Author: Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Author: Kalam Abul Azad
Author: Boris Dragomir Stojkovic
Author: Society of Automotive Engineers
Author: 
Author: Barbara Menkiel