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Author: Thomas T. MacDonald Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780849360848 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 136
Book Description
The book highlights studies on the development of the mucosal immune system in the human fetus, the factors important in the development of the various compartments of this system, and the mechanisms by which the human neonate protects itself against gut allergy and infection. Other topics include the development of the gut immune system in rodents and other veterinary species in which important areas such as the intestinal uptake of the maternal immunoglobulins have been characterized, as well as immunocompetence of the human fetus. The book provides essential reference material for immunologists, pediatricians, and other researchers interested in the features unique to the development of the gut immune system in utero and post-natally in different species.
Author: Thomas T. MacDonald Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780849360848 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 136
Book Description
The book highlights studies on the development of the mucosal immune system in the human fetus, the factors important in the development of the various compartments of this system, and the mechanisms by which the human neonate protects itself against gut allergy and infection. Other topics include the development of the gut immune system in rodents and other veterinary species in which important areas such as the intestinal uptake of the maternal immunoglobulins have been characterized, as well as immunocompetence of the human fetus. The book provides essential reference material for immunologists, pediatricians, and other researchers interested in the features unique to the development of the gut immune system in utero and post-natally in different species.
Author: Bernd Kaspers Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0123972728 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 456
Book Description
The second edition of Avian Immunology provides an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of avian immunology. From the ontogeny of the avian immune system to practical application in vaccinology, the book encompasses all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in chickens. In addition, chapters are devoted to the immunology of other commercially important species such as turkeys and ducks, and to ecoimmunology summarizing the knowledge of immune responses in free-living birds often in relation to reproductive success. The book contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system, encompassing the mucosal, enteric, respiratory and reproductive systems. The diseases and disorders it covers include immunodepressive diseases and immune evasion, autoimmune diseases, and tumors of the immune system. Practical aspects of vaccination are examined as well. Extensive appendices summarize resources for scientists including cell lines, inbred chicken lines, cytokines, chemokines, and monoclonal antibodies. The world-wide importance of poultry protein for the human diet, as well as the threat of avian influenza pandemics like H5N1 and heavy reliance on vaccination to protect commercial flocks makes this book a vital resource. This book provides crucial information not only for poultry health professionals and avian biologists, but also for comparative and veterinary immunologists, graduate students and veterinary students with an interest in avian immunology. - With contributions from 33 of the foremost international experts in the field, this book provides the most up-to-date review of avian immunology so far - Contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system reviewing constitutive barriers, chemical and cellular responses; it includes a comprehensive review of avian Toll-like receptors - Contains a wide-ranging review of the "ecoimmunology" of free-living avian species, as applied to studies of population dynamics, and reviews methods and resources available for carrying out such research
Author: M. L. Tyan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Immunology Languages : en Pages : 30
Book Description
The presence of potential immunologically competent cells in the various tissues of embryonic, newborn and adult mice was demonstrated by means of a modified 'graft-vs-host' method and by the injection of chromosomally marked cells into irradiated recipients. The results indicate that lymphoid stem cells which have the potential to participate in cell-bound immune reactions appear in the placenta and liver by the 9th or 10th day of gestation. Throughout pregnancy they are found in the liver. During the 11th to 14th days of gestation these stem cells are present in the upper trunk or in the thymus. On about the 15th day they appear in the lung and toward the end of the pregnancy in the fetal bone marrow and spleen. There was little or no evidence of the presence of lymphoid precursors capable of maturation to cells which mediate cell-bound immune responses in the gut prior to birth. Following parturition lymphoid stem cells were present in the liver, Peyer's patches, lung, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, blood and thymus. However, by six weeks after birth the bone marrow appeared to be the major or sole source of these cells. Certain of the data suggest that immunoglobulin producing cells (as opposed to those which mediate cell-bound immunity) may arise in the yolk sac on the 9th or 10th day of gestation. Further, these immunoglobulin producing cells may reside in the gut as a relatively pure cell population after the 16th day of gestation. (Author).
Author: Marvin L. Tyan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 16
Book Description
When mouse fetal tissues of various ages were transferred to allogeneic or congenic hosts which differed from the immunoglobulin locus Ig 1, it was found that cells which have the potential to differentiate into immunoglobulin producing cells appear in the yolk sac, liver and caudal half of the embryo by the 9th day of gestation. Late in pregnancy these cells are found in the thymus, gut, lung, spleen, femur and peripheral blood. Certain of the data suggest that immunoglobulin producing cell lines and those which mediate cell-bound immune response arise early ingestation as separate cell populations. Further, it was shown that immunoglobulin synthesis per se is independent of the thymus. (Author).
Author: J. B. Solomon Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483189716 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 591
Book Description
Aspects of Developmental and Comparative Immunology contains the proceedings of the 1st Congress of Developmental and Comparative Immunology, held from July 27 to August 1, 1980 in Aberdeen, Scotland. The papers explore various aspects of developmental and comparative immunology and cover topics ranging from the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and membrane immunoglobulins to idiotypes and diversity, comparative ontogeny, and evolution of lymphoid organ function. Comprised of 105 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of how the host immune system utilizes polymorphic MHC antigens as the principal tool for pseudo-self versus true self distinction. The reader is then introduced to the immunology of earthworms, membrane immunoglobulins, idiotypes, and diversity. Subsequent chapters focus on the evolution of lymphoid organs in vertebrates; differentiation clocks in comparative immunology of mammals and birds; immunorecognition in invertebrates such as insects and gastropods; and the phylogeny of leucocytes in vertebrates and invertebrates. The remaining sections deal with stem cells, immune responses of gut-associated lymphoepithelial tissue, and the ontogeny of resistance to infection as well as the ontogeny of killer cells. Finally, the immunology of fish, amphibians, reptiles, chickens, and mammals is examined. This monograph will be of interest to immunobiologists.
Author: Ruizhu Zeng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The intestines are constantly challenged by antigenic stimuli from microbiota, digested food and invading pathogens. Intestinal dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in directing appropriate immune responses to each antigen encountered. DC have the unique ability to sample and present processed antigens to T cells while providing environmental cues in the form of cytokines and active metabolites such as retinoic acid (RA) to initiate and regulate immune responses or to induce tolerance. Understanding intestinal DC development and function is important in developing vaccines and treatment for intestinal diseases. The goal of my thesis project was to elucidate the origin and specialization of intestinal DC subsets and to define the roles of RA in development and specification of these DC and their precursors. The two predominant cDC subsets in the small intestine (SI) are identified phenotypically as CD11c+MHCII+ cells that are either CD103+CD11b- (cDC1) or CD103+CD11b+ (cDC2). The two subsets differ developmentally, requiring different transcription factors, and functionally. They derive from BM-derived precursors that remain incompletely characterized. In Chapter 2, I identified a previously unidentified gut-tropic DC precursor, termed pre-[mu] DC (pre-mucosal DC). pre-[mu] DC express [alpha] 4 [beta] 7, a gut-homing receptor that targets them efficiently to the intestines, although they can also contribute to DC populations in other sites. pre-[mu] DC are 10 fold more efficient than the previously known DC precursor pre-cDC at giving rise to intestinal cDC on a per cell basis; and, unlike pre-cDC, they can also generate plasmacytoid DC (pDC). Furthermore, pre-[mu] DC have an intrinsic preference to develop into cDC1; whereas pre-cDC preferentially become cDC2. Thus pre-[mu] DC represent a specialized BM DC population with unique gut tropism and the potential to populate each of the major DC subsets in the intestines. RA plays a critical role in adaptive mucosal immunity through effects on epithelial, mesenchymal and lymphoid cells. In chapter 3, I showed that it is also important for intestinal DC development and DC subset specialization as well. RA was indispensible for pre-[mu] DC development in the bone marrow. It also directly regulated cDC1 and cDC2 development from pre-[mu] DC in situ in the gut wall. In the absence of RA signaling, cDC2 were reduced in frequency and number in the SI LP, and the cDC1 and cDC2 generated are phenotypically abnormal. I devised an in vitro culture system to model the developmental potential of pre-[mu] DC and demonstrated that RA is required, in combination with GM-CSF and Flt3L, for the generation of cDC with phenotypic and transcriptional signatures of intestinal CD103+ subsets. Interestingly, the presence of RA enhances the frequency and number of cDC2 generated from purified pre-[mu] DC, consistent with a role in fate decisions. However, my whole genome transcriptomic analyses showed that RA has broad effects on gene expression, driving transcription in in vitro-derived cDC1 and cDC2 towards patterns of physiologic gene expression. These studies indicated that the role of RA in intestine cDC development is cell-intrinsic, a finding that I confirmed in vivo using CD11c-cre. RAR403fl/fl mice, which express a dominant negative RA receptor RAR403 in DC and thus lack RAR signaling selectively in DC. Thus RA plays a critical roles in regulating intestinal cDC development both at the precursor stage by controlling pre-[mu] DC development in the bone marrow, and by driving transcriptional programs for cDC1 and cDC2 specialization in the gut wall. pre-[mu] DC are the first DC precursor identified that has a defined tissue tropism. Their identification raises the possibility that other specialized DC precursors may home to skin or lung or other sites. Comparison of pre-[mu] DC with pre-cDC reveals differences in their potential to differentiate into each of the two major functionally specialized cDC subsets in the SI. This in combination with my discovery that RA regulates pre-[mu] DC development in the bone marrow and cDC1 and cDC2 development in the gut wall may provide useful tool to manipulate intestinal cDC to aid in oral vaccination and treatment for intestinal diseases. The description of an in vitro culture system to generate intestine-like cDC will be a useful tool to study intestinal cDC development and functions, and offers the potential to generate specialized cDC subsets for immune therapy.
Author: Gabriel Virella Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420020870 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 489
Book Description
With an abundance of illustrations, diagrams, and algorithms, this sixth edition of Medical Immunology provides a reader-friendly review of critical material on the current diagnostic and clinical applications of immunology. Organized into four sections that describe clinical applications, methodological advances, immunological diseases, and innova
Author: Thomas T. MacDonald
Author: Thomas T. MacDonald
Author: Peter J. Heidt
Author: Bernd Kaspers
Author: M. L. Tyan
Author: Marvin L. Tyan
Author: Maree Gleeson
Author: Arthur M. Silverstein
Author: J. B. Solomon
Author: Ruizhu Zeng
Author: Gabriel Virella