Ontogeny of Frequency-dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Dentate Gyrus of the Immature and Adult Rodent Brain PDF Download

Author: J. Harry Blaise
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Snyder, Jason Scott
Publisher: Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada
ISBN: 9780494078297
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 598

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Mammalian neurogenesis wanes following the perinatal period but new neurons are added throughout the adult brain. One region which possesses relatively high amounts of adult neurogenesis is the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, a structure involved in learning and memory. Knowledge of a role for new neurons in the physiological and behavioural functions of this structure is very lacking and might have helpful health and disease applications. The functional relevance of adult neurogenesis was therefore studied using irradiation as a means to prevent neurogenesis, extracellular electrophysiological recordings of synaptic potentials and spatial learning in the water maze. It was found that young neurons possess a unique form of synaptic plasticity which might greatly contribute to memory formation. Long-term potentiation (LTP), a physiological model of memory, in young neurons was not prevented by inhibitory GABAergic neurotransmission. Young neuronal LTP was also easier to induce, was more persistent than in mature neurons and was blocked by an antagonist of the juvenile NR2B form of the NMDA receptor. Preventing adult neurogenesis with irradiation caused no deficits in acquisition or short-term memory in the spatial water maze but was associated with a complete loss of long-term memory, beginning at 2 weeks post-training. To investigate the effects of learning on neurogenesis, immunohistochemistry for mitotic and phenotypic markers was used. Learning had no effect on either the total number of surviving cells born 1 week before training or on the total number of cells proliferating after training. However, subregional analyses suggested that neurogenesis in the dorsal infrapyramidal blade of dentate gyrus is reduced by learning and might correlate with some measurements of learning performance. Moreover, the data suggest that learning may either increase or decrease neurogenesis depending on the individual. In sum, the results of this thesis provide evidence that adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus produces a special pool of young neurons. These young neurons are more plastic than mature neurons, may be particularly important for spatial long-term memory and appear to be regulated in a complex fashion by learning.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 684

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 776

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Author: Philippe Taupin
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781600219146
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 156

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The hippocampus , the Greek word for seahorse, is one of the most fascinating and intriguing regions of the mammalian brain. It is a bilateral incurved seahorse-shaped structure of the cerebral cortex. The hippocampus has a highly distinctive morphology. It is composed of two regions, the dentate gyrus (DG) and the Cornu Ammonis (CA). The nerve cells of the main layer of the DG and CA regions, the granule cells and pyramidal cells respectively, are organised in a tri-synaptic lamellaire circuit. The granule and pyramidal cells are glutamatergic excitatory. The granule cells elicit unique histological, biochemical, developmental, physio- and pathological features. The hippocampus is also an area of the brain that elicits a high degree of plasticity, like synaptic and phenotypic plasticity. It is also one of the few regions of the brain where neurogenesis, the generation of new nerve cells, occurs throughout adulthood. The hippocampus is involved in physio-and pathological processes, like learning and memory.

Author: Fred W. Mast
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387719784
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 446

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The processing of spatial information is an increasingly important topic, especially in recent few years, with new findings emerging from such diverse disciplines as cognitive neuroscience; cognitive psychology; sensorimotor integration; neuropsychology and neuroanatomy. Bringing together contributions from a group of internationally highly renowned researchers from across these disciplines, this book offers a state-of-the-art platform on which the latest developments in spatial processing are presented.

Author: Anna Menini
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420071998
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 438

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Comprehensive Overview of Advances in OlfactionThe common belief is that human smell perception is much reduced compared with other mammals, so that whatever abilities are uncovered and investigated in animal research would have little significance for humans. However, new evidence from a variety of sources indicates this traditional view is likely

Author: Patricia J. Bauer
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317716876
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 448

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The purpose of Remembering the Times of Our Lives: Memory in Infancy and Beyond is to trace the development from infancy through adulthood in the capacity to form, retain, and later retrieve autobiographical or personal memories. It is appropriate for scholars and researchers in the fields of cognitive psychology, memory, infancy, and human development.

Author: Anne-Sophie Darmaillacq
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107015561
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 267

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Focusing on comparative cognition in cephalopods, this book illuminates the wide range of mental function in this often overlooked group.

Author: Patricia Bauer
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN: 9780631225720
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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