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Author: Muhammad Iqbal Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323151817 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 409
Book Description
An Introduction to Solar Radiation is an introductory text on solar radiation, with emphasis on the methods of calculation for determining the amount of solar radiation incident on a surface on the earth. Topics covered include the astronomical relationship between the sun and the earth; thermal radiation; the solar constant and its spectral distribution; and extraterrestrial solar irradiation. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of the trigonometric relationships between the sun-earth line and the position of an inclined surface, followed by a discussion on the characteristics of blackbody radiation. The next chapter focuses on the solar constant and its spectral distribution, paying particular attention to extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance and the sun's blackbody temperature. Subsequent chapters explore extraterrestrial and radiation incident on inclined planes; the optics of a cloudless-sky atmosphere; solar spectral radiation and total (broadband) radiation under cloudless skies; and solar radiation arriving at horizontal surfaces on the earth through cloudy skies. The ground albedo and its spectral and angular variation are also described, along with insolation on inclined surfaces. The last chapter is devoted to instruments for measuring solar radiation, including pyrheliometers and pyranometers. This monograph will serve as a useful guide for energy analysts, designers of thermal devices, architects and engineers, agronomists, and hydrologists as well as senior graduate students.
Author: Muhammad Iqbal Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323151817 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 409
Book Description
An Introduction to Solar Radiation is an introductory text on solar radiation, with emphasis on the methods of calculation for determining the amount of solar radiation incident on a surface on the earth. Topics covered include the astronomical relationship between the sun and the earth; thermal radiation; the solar constant and its spectral distribution; and extraterrestrial solar irradiation. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of the trigonometric relationships between the sun-earth line and the position of an inclined surface, followed by a discussion on the characteristics of blackbody radiation. The next chapter focuses on the solar constant and its spectral distribution, paying particular attention to extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance and the sun's blackbody temperature. Subsequent chapters explore extraterrestrial and radiation incident on inclined planes; the optics of a cloudless-sky atmosphere; solar spectral radiation and total (broadband) radiation under cloudless skies; and solar radiation arriving at horizontal surfaces on the earth through cloudy skies. The ground albedo and its spectral and angular variation are also described, along with insolation on inclined surfaces. The last chapter is devoted to instruments for measuring solar radiation, including pyrheliometers and pyranometers. This monograph will serve as a useful guide for energy analysts, designers of thermal devices, architects and engineers, agronomists, and hydrologists as well as senior graduate students.
Author: Viorel Badescu Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540774556 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 537
Book Description
Solar radiation data is important for a wide range of applications, e.g. in engineering, agriculture, health sector, and in many fields of the natural sciences. A few examples showing the diversity of applications may include: architecture and building design, e.g. air conditioning and cooling systems; solar heating system design and use; solar power generation; evaporation and irrigation; calculation of water requirements for crops; monitoring plant growth and disease control; skin cancer research.
Author: Vanita Thakkar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 58
Book Description
Sun is the basic source of energy on Earth - be it conventional fossil fuels or the non-conventional Renewable Energy Sources. Most Renewable Energy Technologies are in a budding stage. The diffused, dilute, intermittent and variable, season and region dependent nature of most renewable energy sources imposes obvious challenges in their utilization.Also, Fuel-switching does not happen overnight. The transition of a new, better, non-conventional, i.e. commercially untried and growing technology into a conventional, techno-commercially viable and accepted technology is a challenging transformation on a mass scale. It requires research and development along with systematic planning and implementation of smooth supplementing of / taking over of one established system by another, new one, with considerably different concepts, features, components and systems. New standards and methods need to be established and training programmes have to be conducted for the new systems.The key to studies in Solar Energy Utilization and Solar Energy Technology lies in understanding the quality, quantum and pattern of availability of Solar Energy at a given location on Earth's surface. The present book gives the fundamental concepts of Solar Energy availability and availability patterns with respect to geographical and climatic conditions under which the Solar Energy Utilization system is located.The topics include: THE SOLAR ENERGY OPTIONSOLAR ENERGY ON EARTH: EARTH'S ROTATIONEARTH'S REVOLUTIONImportant positions in Earth's path of RevolutionExtra-terrestrial Energy FluxSolar ConstantTILT OF EARTH'S AXISSolstice And EquinoxSPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR RADIATIONSOLAR RADIATION ON EARTH'S SURFACEMEASUREMENT OF SOLAR RADIATIONPYRANOMETERSPYRHELIOMETERSSUNSHINE DURATION MEASUREMENTSSOLAR ANGLESBASIC ANGLESLatitude-LongitudeDeclinationHour AngleLocal Solar TimeEquation of TimeDERIVED ANGLESRelated to relative position of SunRelated to the orientation of surface intercepting solar radiationRELATIONS BETWEEN BASIC AND DERIVED ANGLESGENERAL EQUATION FOR ANGLE OF INCIDENCEDAY LENGTHThe special feature of this book is the simplicity, lucidity and precise presentation of facts. The language is simple. The facts are presented in short, concise sentences, easy to understand and remember, hence very handy for students.The author has taught undergraduate and post-graduate Engineering students, most of whom were from Vernacular medium, for more than a decade. In her attempts to simplify concepts and their realization in real life systems for her students, many of whom found it difficult to express / write in English, she prepared presentations and notes that were very useful to her students. She spoke in English / Hindi / Gujarati while conveying her lectures to them with the help of these presentations / notes on the screen - giving live translations of difficult words / terms and relating them to familiar concepts / facts / systems.
Author: Lucien Wald Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 100038022X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 267
Book Description
The sun radiates a tremendous amount of energy, called solar energy or solar radiation, which is the main natural source of energy on the Earth, by far. Because solar radiation is the almost unique supplier of energy to the Earth, it has a primary influence on life and activities on the Earth. The climate is a first example, but there are many others, such as plant growth or human health, or even the design of buildings, the production of energy, notably electrical and thermal, or even aging materials. This book aims to provide simple answers to anyone who has questions about solar radiation. Its ambition is to help by presenting the fundamental elements of the solar radiation received on the ground. The book includes many examples and numerous illustrations, as well as some simple but fairly precise equations to calculate the various elements covered and to reproduce the figures and graphs. The first of the three parts of this book is devoted to the relative geometry between the direction of the sun and an observer on the ground as well as to the solar radiation emitted by the sun and received at the top of the atmosphere. The orbit of the Earth around the sun and the solar declination are described. The concept of time is introduced which is closely linked to the solar cycle and the rotation of the Earth on itself. Equations are given to calculate the solar radiation received on a horizontal or inclined surface located at the top of the atmosphere. The spectral distribution of the extraterrestrial solar radiation is described. The second part of this book addresses how the solar radiation incident at the top of the atmosphere is attenuated and modified in its downward path to the ground. The reflection of the radiation by the ground is presented. The solar radiation received on the ground by a horizontal or inclined collector plane, such as a natural slope or a rooftop, is discussed, as well as its spectral distribution. The variability of the radiation is addressed in relation to the properties of solar radiation estimated from the measurements. The third part deals with direct or indirect measurements of the solar radiation received on the ground over a given integration time (minute, hour, day, or month), whether for total radiation or radiation in a spectral range such as ultraviolet (UV), or daylight, or photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). It also explains how to check the plausibility of the measurements. Fundamentals of Solar Radiation will be a valuable resource to all professionals, engineers, researchers, students, and other practitioners that seek an understanding of solar radiation.
Author: Kinsell Coulson Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323155510 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 335
Book Description
Solar and Terrestrial Radiation: Methods and Measurements basically summarizes instruments used in routine measurements of solar and terrestrial radiation at the earth's surface. Because of developments in this field, these certain instruments are sufficiently relevant for meteorological and climatological purposes. Although the emphasis of the book is on the radiation instrumentation, basic theory is still covered and discussed for the purpose of understanding basic radiative processes in the atmosphere. The featured instruments in this book show that if used properly, these instruments can eliminate certain deficiencies in climatological data and routine monitoring of the radiative regime of the surface and lower atmosphere. However, the scope of the study is limited in which they cannot be of use in terms of being precise in studies of climatic change, spectral distribution of atmospheric radiation, and other specific meteorological and technological requirements. This book is designed to be of valuable use to meteorologists, climatologists, and physicists. Students, specifically graduate students, can also make use of the book as well.
Author: Jesús Polo Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331997484X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 376
Book Description
This book presents methods for optimising the spatial and network configuration of solar radiation measuring stations. Various physical and mathematical models are demonstrated, which together with high quality measurements, provide the essential tools to generate and validate solar resource estimates to improve the mapping of solar resources. Each chapter deals with a specific topic, showing its methodology, and providing examples of how to apply these techniques with reference to current projects around the world. These topics include: · Radiometric measurement campaigns;· Equipment calibration, installation, operation, and maintenance;· Data quality assurance and assessment;· Solar radiation modelling from satellite images and numerical models;· Downscaling and kriging interpolation of solar radiation;· Simulation of electric solar power plant generation;· Solar radiation forecasting;· Applications of solar energy; and· Socio-economic benefits of solar energy. The contributors present the statistical and physical models needed to derive solar radiation from satellite images and numerical models, emphasising the importance of measuring solar radiation accurately. They also show the classical models used to generate synthetic data, clear sky models and ancillary air quality and meteorological data from different input sources. Solar Resources Mapping provides industry professionals with methodologies and tools to build solar irradiance maps for different applications. The book will also benefit students and researchers as it serves as a main technical reference, presenting the basic terminology and fundamentals for solar resource mapping that include methods for assessing measurement uncertainty.
Author: Muhammad Iqbal
Author: Watt Engineering Ltd
Author: Muhammad Iqbal
Author: Watt Engineering
Author: Viorel Badescu
Author: Vanita Thakkar
Author: Lucien Wald
Author: Watt Engineering Ltd
Author: Kinsell Coulson
Author: Nathan Robinson
Author: Jesús Polo