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Author: American Water Works Association Publisher: Amer Water Works Assn ISBN: 9781625760265 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
As more water systems turn to safer alternatives to chlorine gas, the generation of hypochlorite on site has become increasingly common. M65, On-Site Generation of Hypochlorite, presents the principles of on-site generation (OSG), the differences between low-strength and high-strength OSG systems, and the subsequent impact each of these systems has on design, construction, and maintenance for water and wastewater utilities. M65 provides operators and engineering staff with a basic understanding of how to design and install both low- and high-strength OSG systems, how they work, and how they compare with other popular forms of chlorine currently on the market. A cost analysis and an examination of how OSG affects disinfection by-product formation are also included. This manual should help operators, planners, management, and engineers improve their decision-making processes about OSG systems using a holistic risk management approach that considers not only triple-bottom-line approaches but also the specific regional situation when choosing a chlorination system.
Author: American Water Works Association Publisher: Amer Water Works Assn ISBN: 9781625760265 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
As more water systems turn to safer alternatives to chlorine gas, the generation of hypochlorite on site has become increasingly common. M65, On-Site Generation of Hypochlorite, presents the principles of on-site generation (OSG), the differences between low-strength and high-strength OSG systems, and the subsequent impact each of these systems has on design, construction, and maintenance for water and wastewater utilities. M65 provides operators and engineering staff with a basic understanding of how to design and install both low- and high-strength OSG systems, how they work, and how they compare with other popular forms of chlorine currently on the market. A cost analysis and an examination of how OSG affects disinfection by-product formation are also included. This manual should help operators, planners, management, and engineers improve their decision-making processes about OSG systems using a holistic risk management approach that considers not only triple-bottom-line approaches but also the specific regional situation when choosing a chlorination system.
Author: Leonard Casson Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420031627 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 216
Book Description
Since the implementation of the USEPA Clean Air Act Risk Management Plan, many water treatment and wastewater treatment utilities have converted to on-site sodium hypochlorite generation. Conversion to On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation: Water and Wastewater Applications is a comprehensive text and design manual for on-site sodium hypochlorite
Author: American Water Works Association Publisher: ISBN: 9781625760265 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 180
Book Description
As more water systems turn to safer alternatives to chlorine gas, the generation of hypochlorite on site has become increasingly common. M65, On-Site Generation of Hypochlorite, presents the principles of on-site generation (OSG), the differences between low-strength and high-strength OSG systems, and the subsequent impact each of these systems has on design, construction, and maintenance for water and wastewater utilities. M65 provides operators and engineering staff with a basic understanding of how to design and install both low- and high-strength OSG systems, how they work, and how they compare with other popular forms of chlorine currently on the market. A cost analysis and an examination of how OSG affects disinfection by-product formation are also included. This manual should help operators, planners, management, and engineers improve their decision-making processes about OSG systems using a holistic risk management approach that considers not only triple-bottom-line approaches but also the specific regional situation when choosing a chlorination system.
Author: Conchita Matsunaga Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
Electrochlorination systems use a simple process, combining three common consumables (salt, water, and electricity) to generate sodium hypochlorite for biofouling control as well as for disinfection, bleaching, and deodorizing purposes. Electrochlorination Packages typically range in value from US$100,000 to US$10,000,000 and generally are essential to the timely installation and commissioning of plant and equipment for more than these costs. It is hoped that using raised bespoke technology appreciation, this publication will contribute to the smooth execution of these projects and prove a cost-effective reference work to all concerned.
Author: Lukas Simon Kriem Publisher: ISBN: Category : Drinking water Languages : en Pages : 150
Book Description
Drinking water is one of the fundamental pillars of modern society, and it is crucial that pathogen-free drinking water be provided to communities. Currently, one third of all drinking water in the U.S. is being disinfected using hypochlorite and the number is rising. However, use of hypochlorite is facing the issue of a hypochlorite byproduct, chlorate ion, which at high concentrations is considered a health risk to humans. During and after its electrolytic generation process, hypochlorite may go through a disproportionation reaction to form chlorate and chloride, a process which is thermodynamically favored. Even though chlorate in drinking water is not regulated yet, the EPA is in the process of regulating chlorate concentrations in the near future. Therefore, it is important to track current concentrations and put mechanisms in place to efficiently reduce chlorate concentrations in generated hypochlorite solutions as well as in drinking water. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of three different parameters in the generation process: pH, temperature and storage time, and also to assess the influence of pH and temperature adjustments during the generation process. Additionally, this research should provide general guidelines on how to reduce chlorate concentrations in on-site generation processes. In all cases, chlorate was observed to increase with time, but increases were less pronounced when storage temperature was decreased and when storage pH was increased. Effects of adjusting pH and temperature during the generation process were not clearly determined in the experimental work.
Author: Frederick Bloetscher Publisher: American Water Works Association ISBN: 162576104X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 147
Book Description
M63, Aquifer Storage and Recovery provides a general understanding of the principles of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR). The manual discusses the concept, regulations as they are applied nationally and by state, basic design and development criteria, and presents results of an inventory of ASR well sites nationally. Both successful projects and ones that faced challenges are profiled. M63 provides management, operations, and engineering staff with an understanding of ASR to help them make decisions on investigations and installations when problems or the need to expand supplies arise, as well as enough background to improve response to problems and challenges. Chapters include: • Groundwater Recharge and Storage Programs • Regulatory Requirements • Summary of ASR Programs in the United States • Challenges for ASR Programs in the United States • Planning and Construction of ASR Systems • Operation and Performance Monitoring of ASR Wells • Example ASR Programs in US • ASR Versus Other Groundwater Recharge and Storage Programs
Author: American Water Works Association
Author: American Water Works Association
Author: 
Author: Leonard Casson
Author: American Water Works Association
Author: 
Author: Conchita Matsunaga
Author: Nadine Nicole Van Zyl
Author: Lukas Simon Kriem
Author: Luca Morganti
Author: Frederick Bloetscher