On-going Development of a Low NOx Combustor for Cogeneration Gas Turbines PDF Download

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gas-turbine power-plants
Languages : en
Pages : 102

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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Air quality management
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Controls for emissions of oxides of nitrogen were first required for gas turbines by the Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District (LAAPCD) and the San Diego Air Pollution Control District (SDAPCD) in the early 1970's. To achieve the necessary control, water was injected into the combustor flame zone to reduce flame temperature. The consequent reduction in NOx amounted to about forty percent when half as much water as fuel was injected into the reaction zone. The emissions level achieved was approximately 75 ppmvd (parts per million by volume dry) on oil fuel as required by SDAPCD Rule 68, and with the airflow of these MS5000 machines at about 950,000 lbm/hr, this corresponded to 140 lbm/hr of NO2 when expressed at 15% O2 as required by LAAPCD Rule 67. Hilt and Waslo, (Ref. 1) and Hilt, et al (Ref. 2, 3) provide summary discussions of this work.

Author: Leonard Angello
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electric utilities
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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National standards for NOx control for gas turbines are being evaluated and modified throughout the world. These standards are often supplemented by local or site specific emission limits. The numeric value of any emission limit is influenced by both the local environmental conditions, and, importantly, by the actual NOx removal capacity of the specific technologies that can be applied to the processes and equipment that will be governed by the emission standards. That is, emission limits can not be so restrictive that there is no technology available that can be applied to meet the permit condition. However, as new technologies are developed to meet the ever increasingly restrictive emission limitations, they become the standard by which the next round of emission limit setting is guided. Current NOx control technologies for gas turbine applications employ fuel switching to a low nitrogen content fuel, wet combustion control (steam or water injection into the combustor), or exhaust gas treatment (selective catalytic reduction technology) or combinations of those controls. Recently, dry combustion controls have been, or are being, developed by the gas turbine manufacturers, and catalytic combustion control processes are being researched. This paper presents a brief overview of the national NOx emission requirements of Europe, Japan, and the United States. A discussion of the new dry, low NOx controls presently emerging in the electric utility, gas turbine market are then reviewed, with an emphasis on the commercial applications and typical operating results that have been experienced. In this paper, all NOx values are referenced to dry, 15% oxygen exhaust conditions unless otherwise stated. The units are volumetric, in parts per million (ppm), unless otherwise stated.

Author: Mahmoud Kowkabi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Presented at the International Gas Turbine & Aeroengine Congress & Exhibition, Orlando, FL, Jun 2-Jun 5, 1997.

Author: A. S. Novick
Publisher: BiblioGov
ISBN: 9781289143589
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 212

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Book Description
The development of the technology required to operate an industrial gas turbine combustion system on minimally processed, heavy petroleum or residual fuels having high levels of fuel-bound nitrogen (FBN) while producing acceptable levels of exhaust emissions is discussed. Three combustor concepts were designed and fabricated. Three fuels were supplied for the combustor test demonstrations: a typical middle distillate fuel, a heavy residual fuel, and a synthetic coal-derived fuel. The primary concept was an air staged, variable-geometry combustor designed to produce low emissions from fuels having high levels of FBN. This combustor used a long residence time, fuel-rich primary combustion zone followed by a quick-quench air mixer to rapidly dilute the fuel rich products for the fuel-lean final burnout of the fuel. This combustor, called the rich quench lean (RQL) combustor, was extensively tested using each fuel over the entire power range of the model 570 K engine. Also, a series of parameteric tests was conducted to determine the combustor's sensitivity to rich-zone equivalence ratio, lean-zone equivalence ratio, rich-zone residence time, and overall system pressure drop. Minimum nitrogen oxide emissions were measured at 50 to 55 ppmv at maximum continuous power for all three fuels. Smoke was less than a 10 SAE smoke number.

Author: E. P. Demetri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automotive gas turbines
Languages : en
Pages : 344

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Author: Ernesto Benini
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535111663
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 272

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Book Description
There has been a remarkable difference in the research and development regarding gas turbine technology for transportation and power generation. The former remains substantially florid and unaltered with respect to the past as the superiority of air-breathing engines compared to other technologies is by far immense. On the other hand, the world of gas turbines (GTs) for power generation is indeed characterized by completely different scenarios in so far as new challenges are coming up in the latest energy trends, where both a reduction in the use of carbon-based fuels and the raising up of renewables are becoming more and more important factors. While being considered a key technology for base-load operations for many years, modern stationary gas turbines are in fact facing the challenge to balance electricity from variable renewables with that from flexible conventional power plants. The book intends in fact to provide an updated picture as well as a perspective view of some of the abovementioned issues that characterize GT technology in the two different applications: aircraft propulsion and stationary power generation. Therefore, the target audience for it involves design, analyst, materials and maintenance engineers. Also manufacturers, researchers and scientists will benefit from the timely and accurate information provided in this volume. The book is organized into three main sections including 10 chapters overall: (i) Gas Turbine and Component Performance, (ii) Gas Turbine Combustion and (iii) Fault Detection in Systems and Materials.

Author: Torsten Strand
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Presented at the International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress & Exhibition Birmingham, UK - June 10-13, 1996.

Author: Masayoshi Kobayashi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Presented at the International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress &Exhibition Birmingham, UK - June 10-13, 1996.

Author: Shuroku Takahashi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Presented at the International Gas Turbine & Aeroengine Congress & Exhibition, Stockholm, Sweden, Jun 2-Jun 5, 1998.