Author: Richard W. James (Ph. D.)Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ocean temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 232
Book Description
Ocean Thermal Structure Forecasting
Author: Richard W. James (Ph. D.)Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ocean temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 232
Book Description
Ocean Thermal Structure Forecasting
Author: Richard W. JamesPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ocean temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 232
Book Description
Real-time Enhancement of a Climatology Or Forecast of Ocean Thermal Structure Using Observed Ocean Temperatures
Author: Kenneth D. PollakPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ocean temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Vertical temperature profiles observed in the eastern North Pacific were used to examine the feasibility of extrapolating an observation from one location to another. The technique, referred to as simple enhancement, is a special case of the Gandin (1963) optimum interpolation methodology. Application to Navy ASW (Antisubmarine Warfare) operations is considered. The technique requires the use of a trial value and a local observation. Trial values are obtained from a climatology and a synoptic analysis/forecast system provided by the Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center. An enhanced temperature profile is calculated by adding an observed anomaly (i.e., observation minus trial value) to the trial value at the desired location. Calculations of mean and RMS errors indicate that simple enhancement can provide a closer estimate to actual conditions than unenhanced climatology. The mixed layer depth cannot be extrapolated accurately to new locations presumably due to mesoscale eddies, fronts, internal waves and small scale fluctuations at the base of the mixed layer. Experiments at different locations and seasons would be required for a complete assessment of the application to ASW operations. Originator supplied keywords include: Ocean thermal structure; Optimal interpolation; Mixed layer; Ocean analysis; Ocean prediction.
Real-time Enhancement of a Climatology Or Forecast of Ocean Thermal Structure Using Observed Ocean Temperatures
Author: Classification and Analysis/Forecasting of Near-Surface Ocean Thermal Structure
Author: Taivo LaevastuPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ocean temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 35
Book Description
The near-surface ocean thermal structure (surface to ca 400 m) is classified into nine distinct types. The time and space distribution of these types is briefly discussed. A rational method for analysis/prediction of mixed layer depth (MLD) and near-surface thermal structure, which has produced satisfactorily verifiable results, is described and flow diagrams for it are given.
Upper Ocean Thermal Structure Forecast Evaluation of a Model Using Synoptic Data
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
A one-dimensional model is used to simulate ocean thermal structure response to synoptic scale atmospheric forcing data at six locations. The atmospheric forcing data (Solar Radiation, Total Heat Flux and Marine Winds) were obtained from Fleet Numerical Weather Central (FNWC) Primitive Equation and Marine Wind Models. Data used to initialize and verify the ocean thermal structure originated from bathythermograph data stored at FNWC. Length of simulation ranged from 72 hours to 36 days and was limited by the length of continuous historical data available for study. Results show the forcing functions contain sufficient resolution to define diurnal and synoptic time scale events. When the model is run using these forcing functions it produces changes in the mixed-layer depth and mixed-layer temperature on the same time scales. The magnitude of these changes ranged typically from diurnal fluctuations of 20 m/day and .3 C during summer conditions to synoptic scale deepening of 50 m and cooling by 2 C in 36 days during winter conditions. These results were verified when observations were present in this area. The capability now exists to produce real time dynamic ocean thermal profiles in areas of infrequent observations and also to forecast changes in ocean thermal structure up to 72 hours from the time of an observation.
Upper Ocean Thermal Structure Forecast Evaluation of a Model Using Synoptic Data
Author: William Fawver JohnsonPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Meteorology
Languages : en
Pages : 47
Book Description
A one-dimensional model is used to simulate ocean thermal structure response to synoptic scale atmospheric forcing data at six locations. The atmospheric forcing data (Solar Radiation, Total Heat Flux and Marine Winds) were obtained from Fleet Numerical Weather Central (FNWC) Primitive Equation and Marine Wind Models. Data used to initialize and verify the ocean thermal structure originated from bathythermograph data stored at FNWC. Length of simulation ranged from 72 hours to 36 days and was limited by the length of continuous historical data available for study. Results show the forcing functions contain sufficient resolution to define diurnal and synoptic time scale events. When the model is run using these forcing functions it produces changes in the mixed-layer depth and mixed-layer temperature on the same time scales. The magnitude of these changes ranged typically from diurnal fluctuations of 20 m/day and .3 C during summer conditions to synoptic scale deepening of 50 m and cooling by 2 C in 36 days during winter conditions. These results were verified when observations were present in this area. The capability now exists to produce real time dynamic ocean thermal profiles in areas of infrequent observations and also to forecast changes in ocean thermal structure up to 72 hours from the time of an observation.
Automated Thermal Structure Forecasting Techniques
Author: B. ThompsonPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 27
Book Description
In its program of ocean thermal structure forecasting, the Antisubmarine Warfare Environmental Prediction System of the Naval Oceanographic Office has been experimenting with various automated methods. The present numerical analysis technique, as applied under conditions of insufficient data, is investigated by the author. The Conditional Relaxation Analysis Method (CRAM) appears to result in reliable analyses when the amount and distribution of data received is sufficient. Further research is required to improve numerical analysis methods for cases of insufficient data. (Author).
Ocean Prediction
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Military oceanography
Languages : en
Pages : 338
Book Description
Effects of Weather Upon the Thermal Structure of the Ocean
Author: United States. Hydrographic OfficePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ocean temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 116
Book Description
An investigation was made of the meteorological factors which a ffect the thermal structure of the ocean, and an attempt was made to develop techniques for predicting this structure. A prediction technique is proposed which is based on relationships giving the magnitude of the effects of radiation, evaporation and molecular conduction, convection, and turbulent mixing on the thermal structure. A sample prediction showed promise, but the data indicated that an accurate and operationally useful prediction method required a consideration of the internal waves which produce vertical motion. This factor was investigated for a 2-layer system and for a model in which the density was a continuous function of depth. The main considerations in the first model were seasonal and monthly variations, semidiurnal and diurnal tidal variations, short period variations, and random variations, Study of semidiurnal and diurnal tidal variations led to an empirical formula giving the amplitudes of oscillation in one area as a function of the thickness and density discontinuity of the 2-layer system. Where the data were adequate for a forecast, the formula predicted amplitudes with a fair degree of accuracy. Methods were also developed for predicting the internal oscillations of the continuous density model. A sample prediction showed good agreement at the greater depths; however, discrepancies occurred near the surface.