Author: T. QuPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ocean circulation
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Ocean Dynamics and Seasonal Heat Budget in the Tropical Western Pacific Ocean in a Global GCM.
Author: T. QuOcean Circulation and Climate
Author: Ben P. KirtmanPublisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128058730
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 49
Book Description
This chapter summarizes the scientific basis for and the current status of seasonal-to-interannual prediction with particular emphasis on the role of the tropical oceans. The first part of the chapter focuses on oceanic sources of predictability in the tropical Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. Seasonal-to-interannual predictability issues in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics are also discussed. Mechanisms that limit predictability, particularly for ENSO, are highlighted. The second part of the chapter describes the forecast quality and procedures in practice today. Finally, the concluding remarks identify some outstanding challenges.
Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Programme, 2-7 April 1995, Melbourne, Australia
Author: Sources of Uncertainty in the Tropical Pacific Warming Pattern under Global Warming Projected by Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models
Author: Jun YingPublisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9813298448
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 81
Book Description
This book discusses the sources of uncertainty in future model projections of the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern under global warming. It mainly focuses on cloud radiation feedback and ocean dynamical effect, which reveal to be the two greatest sources of uncertainty in the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern. Moreover, the book presents a correction for model projections of the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern based on the concept of “observational constraints”; the corrected projection exhibits a more El Niño-like warming pattern.
Oceanic Abstracts
Author: A Multi-scale Study of the Dynamical Processes of the Tropical Pacific Ocean
Author: Autumn Noel KidwellPublisher:
ISBN: 9781369128772
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
In recent years, it has been observed that there are different types of El Niño events. The warm events can be divided into two categories: those centered in the central Pacific (CP) and those centered in the eastern Pacific (EP). We examined the variability of western Pacific warm pool (WP) horizontal migration and size from January 1982 to December 2011 by applying Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and Hilbert Huang Spectrum (HHS) to the optimally interpolated sea surface temperature (OISST) data set. The analysis shows that the long-term residual trend of the zonal centroid movement is migrating to the west by 3.78° from the mean location during the past 30 years. The size of the warm pool has also increased 18% during this period. These analysis techniques isolated two separate time series for the migration of the zonal component of the WPWP for both CP and EP events and showed that these two types of El Niño generally operate at different time-scales. The EP time-series shows the strong traditional EP El Niño and the transition between strong El Niño conditions and La Niña conditions. The CP time-series shows that CP El Niños occur more often than EP El Niños. The changes of the El Niño type in conjunction with westward drift and increasing warm pool size shows an interesting multidecadal change in the warm pool. To extend the centroid study, we also examine the role of the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WP) in the past thirty years of mixed interannual variability, decadal variability, and climate change. Our analysis method involves a multi-dimensional study of the vertical centroid migration, volume, and heat content of the WP and an application of the advanced time-series analysis technique known as Multidimensional Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (MEEMD). We show the 30-year evolution of the warm pool and how it interacts with the PDO, ENSO, and anthropogenic climate forcing mechanisms. Our results show that the WP increasing in size and increasing in heat content anomaly in response to global warming forcing. The variability of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) is evaluated using ocean surface wind products derived from the ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis for the period of 1981-2014 and QuickSCAT satellite scatterometer for the period of 1999- 2009. From these products, indices were developed to represent the SPCZ strength, area, and centroid location. Excellent agreement is found between the indices derived from the two wind products during the QuikSCAT period in terms of the spatiotemporal structures of the SPCZ. The longer ERA-Interim product is used to study the variations of SPCZ properties on intraseasonal, seasonal, interannual, and decadal time scales. The SPCZ strength, area, and centroid latitude have a dominant seasonal cycle. In contrast, the SPCZ centroid longitude is dominated by intraseasonal variability due to MJO influence. The SPCZ indices are all correlated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation indices. Interannual and intraseasonal variations of SPCZ strength during strong El Niño are approximately twice as large as the respective seasonal variations. SPCZ strength depends more on the intensity of El Niño rather than the central vs. eastern-Pacific type. The change from positive to negative PDO around 1999 results in a westward shift of the SPCZ centroid longitude, much smaller interannual swing in centroid latitude, and a decrease in SPCZ area. This study improves the understanding of the variations of the SPCZ on multiple time scales and reveals the variations of SPCZ strength not reported previously. The diagnostics analyses can be used to evaluate climate models to gauge their fidelity. We have analyzed multiple data sets (wind, SST, heat content) in an effort to better understand the the WP and the SPCZ. As a major component of the tropical Pacific Ocean dynamics and global climate dynamics, these two intertwined components are critical to study. This is especially true in the context of global climate change.
Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology
Author: On the Heat Budget of the Summer Troposphere Over the Tropical Western Pacific
Author: James Froome KimpelIntraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere-Ocean Climate System
Author: William K.-M. LauPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642139140
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 642
Book Description
Improving the reliability of long-range forecasts of natural disasters, such as severe weather, droughts and floods, in North America, South America, Africa and the Asian/Australasian monsoon regions is of vital importance to the livelihood of millions of people who are affected by these events. In recent years the significance of major short-term climatic variability, and events such as the El Nino/Southern Oscillation in the Pacific, with its worldwide effect on rainfall patterns, has been all to clearly demonstrated. Understanding and predicting the intra-seasonal variability (ISV) of the ocean and atmosphere is crucial to improving long range environmental forecasts and the reliability of climate change projects through climate models. In the second edition of this classic book on the subject, the authors have updated the original chapters, where appropriate, and added a new chapter that includes short subjects representing substantial new development in ISV research since the publication of the first edition.
Global Climate Change and Response of Carbon Cycle in the Equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans and Adjacent Landmasses
Author: Hodaka KawahataPublisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080469418
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 531
Book Description
To understand the global warming mechanism, global mapping of primary production was carried out under the GCMAPS program. The program was concerned with marine and terrestrial environmental changes, which affect carbon cycle on the regional and global scales. On the regional scale, warm phase of ENSO (El Niño / Southern Oscillation) has been shown to affect economic activities in many countries. The keyword for understanding mechanism of global warming is 'primary productivity'. The earth observation satellites (EOS) like the ADEOS of Japan, and the SeaWiFS, Sea Star and Terra of the U.S.A. provided much required data for modeling and verification of primary production estimates on both land and ocean.The knowledge gained during the GCMAPS program has been documented in this book. Interpretation of the data suggests that global warming, which causes temperature and sea level rise, and changes in climate and ecosystems, is likely to have the largest influence on mankind. The first half of this book discuss changes in marine environments. Physical and chemical oceanographic properties of the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans are presented. Changes in partial pressure of carbon dioxide, flux and composition of settling particles and biological communities in the surface ocean have also been discussed. In addition to this, over hundred years of environmental records based upon coral skeletons are presented. Estimations of primary production and its utilization in validating satellite imagery data were conducted in the western North Pacific. Primary productivity estimates based upon the validated satellite imagery are presented on the global scale. Climate change modeling of primary production in global oceans is also presented.The latter half of this book deals with changes in terrestrial environments. Primary productivity estimates for different types of ecosystems (e.g., forest, grassland) are presented together with soil carbon dynamics. Also, biomass and productivity estimation and environmental monitoring based upon remote sensing techniques are presented with a model analysis of the relationship between climate perturbations and carbon budget anomalies in global terrestrial ecosystems. This book elucidates integrated aspects of the global carbon cycle involving marine and terrestrial environments. - Discusses a current understanding of the biogeochemical processes on land and ocean - Provides global mapping of primary production based on satellite imagery data and modelling - Presents the latest interpretations of relationships between carbon cycle and climatic change