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Author: Arup Mitra Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 176
Book Description
This volume analyses occupation, earning, and standard of living of the low income households from slum clusters in Delhi, and lays emphasis on strategies and efforts initiated by the slum dwellers to cope with uncertainties they face. The role of informal institutions or networks in accessing information pertaining to the urban labour market, and in experiencing an upward mobility, constitutes an important dimension of the analysis. Transfer of resources - monestary and/or non-monetary - across individuals/households, which can be either based on altruistic behaviour or motivated by the principle of exchange (or strategic exchange) takes the central position in the analysis. This helps derive the domain of public policy, which would not be in conflict with the existing institutions, and would emerge as supportive measures instead of appearing as direct interventions. Interspatial variations in economic activities performed in the city and their impact on the labour market in terms of physical segmentation, constitute the other major aspect that the study focuses on. Differences in occupational choices, incomes and consumption expenditure across seems in the broad context of intra-household inequality are dealt with. Finally, it reviews the past and ongoing programmes relating to urban poverty, and compares them with the policy directives following from the present study.
Author: Arup Mitra Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 176
Book Description
This volume analyses occupation, earning, and standard of living of the low income households from slum clusters in Delhi, and lays emphasis on strategies and efforts initiated by the slum dwellers to cope with uncertainties they face. The role of informal institutions or networks in accessing information pertaining to the urban labour market, and in experiencing an upward mobility, constitutes an important dimension of the analysis. Transfer of resources - monestary and/or non-monetary - across individuals/households, which can be either based on altruistic behaviour or motivated by the principle of exchange (or strategic exchange) takes the central position in the analysis. This helps derive the domain of public policy, which would not be in conflict with the existing institutions, and would emerge as supportive measures instead of appearing as direct interventions. Interspatial variations in economic activities performed in the city and their impact on the labour market in terms of physical segmentation, constitute the other major aspect that the study focuses on. Differences in occupational choices, incomes and consumption expenditure across seems in the broad context of intra-household inequality are dealt with. Finally, it reviews the past and ongoing programmes relating to urban poverty, and compares them with the policy directives following from the present study.
Author: Wei-Bin Zhang Publisher: EOLSS Publications ISBN: 1848262280 Category : Economics Languages : en Pages : 542
Book Description
Mathematical Models in Economics is a component of Encyclopedia of Mathematical Sciences in which is part of the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. This theme is organized into several different topics and introduces the applications of mathematics to economics. Mathematical economics has experienced rapid growth, generating many new academic fields associated with the development of mathematical theory and computer. Mathematics is the backbone of modern economics. It plays a basic role in creating ideas, constructing new theories, and empirically testing ideas and theories. Mathematics is now an integral part of economics. The main advances in modern economics are characterized by applying mathematics to various economic problems. Many of today's profound insights into economic problems could hardly be obtained without the help of mathematics. The concepts of equilibrium versus non-equilibrium, stability versus instability, and steady states versus chaos in the contemporary literature are difficult to explain without mathematics. The theme discusses on modern versions of some classical economic theories, taking account of balancing between significance of economic issues and mathematical techniques. These two volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.
Author: Susan Thieme Publisher: LIT Verlag Münster ISBN: 9783825892463 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
In Far West Nepal - an area extremely impoverished also by Nepalese standards - labour migration to India has been an integral part of the livelihood strategies of the majority of people for several generations. This research is based on case studies among male and female migrants in Delhi coming from four villages of Far West Nepal. The analysis focuses on selected aspects of the migrants' daily lives, such as working and living conditions, management of loans and savings, and remittance transfer. It was found, that the whole migration process is mainly facilitated by transnational kin and friendship networks. To grasp the geographical and social dimensions of the migrant's lives an integrative approach in joining the sustainable livelihoods approach, Bourdieu's theory of practice, the concept of social capital and the concept of transnational migration was developed. Further results show, that the majority of the migrants are male. The unskilled migrants occupy a distinct niche, in which men have been working as watchmen and car cleaners for generations. The job market is highly organized since jobs are handed over and sold within networks. If wives of migrants are in Delhi for longer periods, they engage in housekeeping. For financial needs migrants established their own informal savings and credit associations. Although migration is firstly seen as an opportunity by the migrants, it can as well perpetuate debt and dependency and entail that they remain migrants for their whole lives.
Author: S. Irudaya Rajan Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136196935 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 360
Book Description
This book examines identities, violence and conflict in the context of internal migration within India. As India prepares to count its citizens for Census 2011 with a proposal for a National Population Register and a unique identity card for every Indian citizen, the debate on internal and cross-border migration is significant. The second volume in this annual series, India Migration Report 2011 focuses on the implications of internal migration, livelihood strategies, recruitment processes, and development and policy concerns in critically reviewing the existing institutional framework. The essays provide a district-level analysis of the various facets of migration with a focus on employment networks, gender dimensions and migration–development linkages, with concrete policy suggestions to improve living and working conditions of vulnerable migrant workers who are a lifeline to the growth of Indian economy. This will be an invaluable resource for those in the fields of demography, economics, sociology, public policy and administration.
Author: H. Sato Publisher: Springer ISBN: 0230227759 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 328
Book Description
There are numerous labour and employment issues facing South Asia in this era of growth. With critical examination of ongoing labour reforms, and using extensive field surveys, this book will be of interest to all seeking an analysis of labour economics, labour laws, economic growth and globalization in South Asia.
Author: Saumitra Jha Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Ambiente urbano Languages : en Pages : 37
Book Description
The authors use detailed ethnographic evidence to design and interpret a broad representative survey of 800 households in Delhi's slums, examining the processes by which residents gain access to formal government and develop their own informal modes of leadership. While ethnically homogeneous slums transplant rural institutions to the city, newer and ethnically diverse slums depend on informal leaders who gain their authority through political connections, education, and network entrepreneurship. Education and political affiliation are more important than seniority in determining a leader's influence. Informal leaders are accessible to all slum dwellers, but formal government figures are most accessed by the wealthy and the well-connected.
Author: Patrick Inglis Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190664789 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
India remains a country mired in poverty, with two-thirds of its 1.3 billion people living on little more than a few dollars a day. Just as telling, the country's informal working population numbers nearly 500 million, or approximately eighty percent of the entire labor force. Despite these figures and the related structural disadvantages that imperil the lives of so many, the Indian elite maintain that the poor need only work harder and they, too, can become rich. The results of this ambitious ten-year ethnography at exclusive golf clubs in Bangalore shatter such self-serving illusions. In Narrow Fairways, Patrick Inglis combines participant observation, interviews, and archival research to show how social mobility among the poor lower-caste golf caddies who carry the golf sets of wealthy upper-caste members at these clubs is ultimately constrained and narrowed. The book highlights how elites secure and extend class and caste privileges, while also delivering a necessary rebuke to India's present development strategy, which pays far too little attention to promoting quality healthcare, education, and other basic social services that would deliver real opportunities to the poor.
Author: Adam Michael Auerbach Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691236100 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
How poor migrants shape city politics during urbanization As the Global South rapidly urbanizes, millions of people have migrated from the countryside to urban slums, which now house one billion people worldwide. The transformative potential of urbanization hinges on whether and how poor migrants are integrated into city politics. Popular and scholarly accounts paint migrant slums as exhausted by dispossession, subdued by local dons, bought off by wily politicians, or polarized by ethnic appeals. Migrants and Machine Politics shows how slum residents in India routinely defy such portrayals, actively constructing and wielding political machine networks to demand important, albeit imperfect, representation and responsiveness within the country’s expanding cities. Drawing on years of pioneering fieldwork in India’s slums, including ethnographic observation, interviews, surveys, and experiments, Adam Michael Auerbach and Tariq Thachil reveal how migrants harness forces of political competition—as residents, voters, community leaders, and party workers—to sow unexpected seeds of accountability within city politics. This multifaceted agency provokes new questions about how political networks form during urbanization. In answering these questions, this book overturns longstanding assumptions about how political machines exploit the urban poor to stifle competition, foster ethnic favoritism, and entrench vote buying. By documenting how poor migrants actively shape urban politics in counterintuitive ways, Migrants and Machine Politics sheds new light on the political consequences of urbanization across India and the Global South.
Author: Virginius Xaxa Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 0429823452 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 321
Book Description
This book examines the structural changes in the labour market in North-East India. Going beyond the conventional study of tea and agricultural sectors, it focuses on the nature, pattern and structure of work and employment in the region as well as documents emerging shifts in the labour force towards farm to non-farm dynamics. The chapters explore historical developments in employment patterns, labour market policies, issues of gender and social-religious dimensions, as well as point to growing forms of casual, informal and contractual labour across sectors. Through large-scale data and detailed case studies on unfree labour in plantations and those employed in crafts, handloom and the manufacturing industry, the book provides insights into labour and employment in the region. It also delves into the temporal and spatial dimensions of non-farm employment and its relationship with rural income distribution and labour mobility. By bringing interdisciplinary perspectives from scholars working on North-East India, this work fills a major gap in the political economy of the labour market in the region. The volume will be useful to scholars and researchers of development studies, North-East India studies, labour studies, economics, sociology and political science as well to those involved with governance and policymaking.
Author: Arup Mitra
Author: Arup Mitra
Author: Wei-Bin Zhang
Author: Susan Thieme
Author: S. Irudaya Rajan
Author: H. Sato
Author: Saumitra Jha
Author: Adam Michael Auerbach
Author: Patrick Inglis
Author: Adam Michael Auerbach
Author: Virginius Xaxa