Observational Analysis and Modeling of the Land - Ocean - Atmosphere Interaction During INDOEX (1999) PDF Download

Author: Matthew Drennan Simpson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 141

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Keywords: Marine Boundary Layer, pollution gradient, air - sea interactions, sea breeze, INDOEX.

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Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
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Observations from aircraft, an island station, and two research vessels are used to investigate the development of an elevated mixed layer or land plume over the Arabian sea during the Indian Ocean Experiment Intensive Field Phase 1999 (INDOEX) through air mass modification. Much of the transport of aerosols and gases occur in this plume located above a well-mixed convective marine boundary layer with a depth of 800 - 1000 m. The depth of the land plume is approximately 2000 m with the peak ozone concentrations occurring near the center of this land plume. Significant latitudinal variations in the concentration of ozone occur in the marine boundary layer and in the plume. Mean ozone concentrations in the land plume decreased with distance from the Indian coastline. The horizontal extent of the sea breeze circulation over the Arabian Sea during the Indian Ocean Experiment (1999) is investigated. Profiler data from Bombay, Goa, and Trivandrum, India show a diurnal variation in wind direction caused by land and sea breeze circulations along the west coast of India. Wind profiles taken 130 km from the west coast of India from R/V Sagar Kanya show a change in wind direction particularly at 200 to 300 m caused by the sea and land breeze circulations. Infrared satellite images show the furthest extent of the sea breeze circulation over the Arabian Sea to be around 200 km. Constant level balloons also showed the extent of the sea breeze over the ocean to be 200 km. A mesoscale numerical model was used to further investigate the horizontal extent of the sea breeze over the ocean. Simulated cross sections along the west coast of India show the horizontal extent of the afternoon sea breeze over the ocean to vary from around 130 to 200 km. Vertical velocities of around 0.20 ms-1 were produced inland as the sea breeze interacted with the mountains along India's west coast. The development and propagation of a 'pollution gradient' over the Arabian Sea during the Intensive Field P.

Author: D. Bala Subrahamanyam
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3640988914
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 217

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Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2003 in the subject Physics - Applied physics, grade: None, Mahatma Gandhi University (Space Physics Laboratory - Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthrapuram - 695 022), course: Atmospheric Sciences, language: English, abstract: The Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) over the oceanic surface is commonly referred to as the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) and it can be considered as the turbulent region in the immediate vicinity of the oceanic surface. The major features that distinguish the ABL over ocean from its land counterpart are the wet, mobile, lower boundary in addition to certain ocean-specific thermodynamic and dynamic characteristics. The structure and characteristics of the MABL and its interactions with the oceanic surface and the overlying free atmosphere are known mainly as a result of a synergistic combination of observational studies, numerical and laboratory simulations, and dimensional analysis. Our present knowledge and understanding of the MABL over various oceanic regions of the globe comes from the experience and expertise acquired during various field experiments. The present thesis aims at improving our understanding of the structural characteristics of the MABL and its associated dynamics over the data-sparse region of western tropical Indian Ocean by making use of the meteorological data collected onboard Oceanic Research Vessel (ORV) Sagar Kanya and Kaashidhoo Climate Observatory (KCO) during the Intensive Field Phase (IFP-99) of the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX).

Author: Boris A. Kagan
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521025935
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 392

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This book aims to acquaint readers with the recent advances in experimental and theoretical investigations of ocean-atmosphere interactions, a rapidly developing field in earth sciences. Particular attention is paid to the scope and perspectives for satellite measurements and mathematical modeling. Current approaches to the construction of coupled ocean-atmosphere models (from the simplest one-dimensional to comprehensive three-dimensional ones) for the solution of key problems in climate theory are discussed in detail. Field measurements and the results of numerical climate simulations are presented and help to explain climate variability that arises from various natural and anthropogenic factors.

Author: William K.-M. Lau
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642139140
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 642

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Improving the reliability of long-range forecasts of natural disasters, such as severe weather, droughts and floods, in North America, South America, Africa and the Asian/Australasian monsoon regions is of vital importance to the livelihood of millions of people who are affected by these events. In recent years the significance of major short-term climatic variability, and events such as the El Nino/Southern Oscillation in the Pacific, with its worldwide effect on rainfall patterns, has been all to clearly demonstrated. Understanding and predicting the intra-seasonal variability (ISV) of the ocean and atmosphere is crucial to improving long range environmental forecasts and the reliability of climate change projects through climate models. In the second edition of this classic book on the subject, the authors have updated the original chapters, where appropriate, and added a new chapter that includes short subjects representing substantial new development in ISV research since the publication of the first edition.

Author: S. George Philander
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 9780691126227
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 292

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Until 1997, few people had heard of the seasonal current that Peruvians nicknamed El Niño. But when meteorologists linked it to devastating floods in California, severe droughts in Indonesia, and strange weather everywhere, its name became entrenched in the common parlance faster than a typhoon making landfall. Bumper stickers appeared bearing the phrase "Don't blame me; blame El Niño." Stockbrokers muttered "El Niño" when the market became erratic. What's behind this fascinating natural phenomenon, and how did our perceptions of it change? In this captivating book, renowned oceanographer George Philander engages readers in lucid and stimulating discussions of the scientific, political, economic and cultural developments that shaped our perceptions of this force of nature. The book begins by outlining the history of El Niño, an innocuous current that appears off the coast of Peru around Christmastime--its name refers to the Child Jesus--and originally was welcomed as a blessing. It goes on to explore how our perceptions of El Niño were transformed, not because the phenomenon changed, but because we did. Philander argues persuasively that familiarity with the different facets of our affair with El Niño--our wealth of experience in dealing with natural hazards such as severe storms and prolonged droughts--can help us cope with an urgent and controversial environmental problem of our own making--global warming. Intellectually invigorating and a joy to read, Our Affair with El Niño is an important contribution to the debate about the relationship between scientific knowledge and public affairs.

Author: Boris A. Kagan
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521444453
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 392

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Book Description
This book aims to acquaint readers with the recent advances in experimental and theoretical investigations of ocean-atmosphere interactions, a rapidly developing field in earth sciences. Particular attention is paid to the scope and perspectives for satellite measurements and mathematical modeling. Current approaches to the construction of coupled ocean-atmosphere models (from the simplest one-dimensional to comprehensive three-dimensional ones) for the solution of key problems in climate theory are discussed in detail. Field measurements and the results of numerical climate simulations are presented and help to explain climate variability that arises from various natural and anthropogenic factors.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309466806
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 151

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The ocean is an integral component of the Earth's climate system. It covers about 70% of the Earth's surface and acts as its primary reservoir of heat and carbon, absorbing over 90% of the surplus heat and about 30% of the carbon dioxide associated with human activities, and receiving close to 100% of fresh water lost from land ice. With the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, notably carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion, the Earth's climate is now changing more rapidly than at any time since the advent of human societies. Society will increasingly face complex decisions about how to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change such as droughts, sea-level rise, ocean acidification, species loss, changes to growing seasons, and stronger and possibly more frequent storms. Observations play a foundational role in documenting the state and variability of components of the climate system and facilitating climate prediction and scenario development. Regular and consistent collection of ocean observations over decades to centuries would monitor the Earth's main reservoirs of heat, carbon dioxide, and water and provides a critical record of long-term change and variability over multiple time scales. Sustained high-quality observations are also needed to test and improve climate models, which provide insights into the future climate system. Sustaining Ocean Observations to Understand Future Changes in Earth's Climate considers processes for identifying priority ocean observations that will improve understanding of the Earth's climate processes, and the challenges associated with sustaining these observations over long timeframes.

Author: D. Bala Subrahamanyam
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3640988655
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 214

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Book Description
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2003 in the subject Physics - Applied physics, grade: None, Mahatma Gandhi University (Space Physics Laboratory - Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthrapuram - 695 022), course: Atmospheric Sciences, language: English, abstract: The Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) over the oceanic surface is commonly referred to as the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) and it can be considered as the turbulent region in the immediate vicinity of the oceanic surface. The major features that distinguish the ABL over ocean from its land counterpart are the wet, mobile, lower boundary in addition to certain ocean-specific thermodynamic and dynamic characteristics. The structure and characteristics of the MABL and its interactions with the oceanic surface and the overlying free atmosphere are known mainly as a result of a synergistic combination of observational studies, numerical and laboratory simulations, and dimensional analysis. Our present knowledge and understanding of the MABL over various oceanic regions of the globe comes from the experience and expertise acquired during various field experiments. The present thesis aims at improving our understanding of the structural characteristics of the MABL and its associated dynamics over the data-sparse region of western tropical Indian Ocean by making use of the meteorological data collected onboard Oceanic Research Vessel (ORV) Sagar Kanya and Kaashidhoo Climate Observatory (KCO) during the Intensive Field Phase (IFP-99) of the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX).

Author: M.E. Schlesinger
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400920938
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 379

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Book Description
Preface This book is the culmination of a workshop jointly organized by NATO and CEC on Climate-Ocean Interaction which was held at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University during 26-30 September 1988. The objective of the ARW was to assess the current status of research on climate-ocean interaction, with a major focus on the development of coupled atmosphere-ocean-ice models and their application in the study of past, present and possible future climates. This book contains 16 chapters divided into four parts: Introduction; Observations of the Climate of the Ocean; Modelling the Atmospheric, Oceanic and Sea Ice Components of the Climatic System; and Simulating the Variability of Climate on Short, Medium and Long Time Scales. A fifth part contains the reports of the five Working Groups on: Climate Observations, Modelling, ENSO Modelling and Prediction, Climate-Ocean Interaction on TIme Scales of Decades to Centuries, and Impact of Paleoclimatic Proxy Data on Climate Modelling. Preface ix Acknowledgements I thank Howard Cattle and Neil Wells for their guidance and assistance as members of the Workshop Organizing Committee. I particularly thank Michael Davey for all his efforts as Local Organizer to make the ARW a success. I also thank the staff of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University, for their help with the arrangements for the ARW.