Numerical Study of Vertical Subcooled Boiling Flow with New Wall Nucleation Models PDF Download

Author: Longcong Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description

Author: Jianyun Shuai
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3865372406
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 131

View

Book Description

Author: G. H. Yeoh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Change of state (Physics)
Languages : en
Pages : 27

View

Book Description
An improved wall heat flux partitioning model at the heated surface was developed by Yeoh et al. This model, coupled with a three-dimensional two-fluid model and Multiple Size Group model, has led to satisfactory agreement being achieved between the model predictions and experimental measurements. Nevertheless, one shortcoming is the reliance on empirical correlations for the active nucleation site density in the wall heat flux partitioning model. This discrepancy brings about uncertainties, especially in appropriately evaluating the vapor generation rate, which greatly influences the model prediction on the axial and radial void fraction profiles within the bulk fluid flow. By considering the fractal model with the aforementioned subcooled boiling flow model in the absence of empirical correlations for the active nucleation site density, a comprehensive mechanistic model to predict vertically oriented subcooled boiling flows is developed. The proposed model is assessed against the experimental data of axial measurements of Zeitoun and Shoukri and the radial measurements of Yun et al. and Lee et al. for vertical subcooled boiling flows within annular channels. Improved model predictions are obtained when the model is compared against typically applied empirical correlations for active nucleation site density. Discussions on the agreement of other two-phase flow parameters are also presented.

Author: Won Cheol Park
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heat exchangers
Languages : en
Pages : 604

View

Book Description
Predictions of heat transfer and void fraction under sub-cooled flow boiling using two-fluid models need better quantitative knowledge related to the mechanisms associated with bubble growth and detachment. When such data becomes available, they can be used to develop useful simple wall functions for two-phase flow and can yield accurate Nusselt number predictions.

Author: V. K. Dhir
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5

View

Book Description
At present, guidelines for fuel cycle designs to prevent axial offset anomalies (AOA) in pressurized water reactor (PWR) cores are based on empirical data from several operating reactors. Although the guidelines provide an ad-hoc solution to the problem, a unified approach based on simultaneous modeling of thermal-hydraulics, chemical, and nuclear interactions with vapor generation at the fuel cladding surface does not exist. As a result, the fuel designs are overly constrained with a resulting economic penalty. The objective of present project is to develop a numerical simulation model supported by laboratory experiments that can be used for fuel cycle design with respect to thermal duty of the fuel to avoid economic penalty, as well as, AOA. At first, two-dimensional numerical simulation of the growth and departure of a bubble in pool boiling with chemical interaction is considered. A finite difference scheme is used to solve the equations governing conservation of mass, momentum, energy, and species concentration. The Level Set method is used to capture the evolving liquid-vapor interface. A dilute aqueous boron solution is considered in the simulation. From numerical simulations, the dynamic change in concentration distribution of boron during the bubble growth shows that the precipitation of boron can occur near the advancing and receding liquid-vapor interface when the ambient boron concentration level is 3,000 ppm by weight. Secondly, a complete three-dimensional numerical simulation of inception, growth and departure of a single bubble subjected to forced flow parallel to the heater surface was developed. Experiments on a flat plate heater with water and with boron dissolved in the water were carried out. The heater was made out of well-polished silicon wafer. Numbers of nucleation sites and their locations were well controlled. Bubble dynamics in great details on an isolated nucleation site were obtained while varying the wall superheat, liquid subcooling and flow velocity parametrically. Concentration variation of boron near the liquid-vapor interface was detected successfully with a newly developed miniature concentration sensor. The measured concentration variations at different radial locations from the center of cavity have the same trend as given by the numerical simulations. The deposition of boron was found near the nucleation site on the heater surface, which validates the numerical simulation. Subcooled flow boiling experiments at three pressures were performed on a nine-rod bundle with water and with boron dissolved in the water. The test runs were conducted with a wide range of mass fluxes (186 to 2800 kg/m2s) and heat fluxes (1.0 to 30.0 W/ cm2). Not only the variables required to develop mechanistic models for subcooled flow boiling were measured, but also the crud formation during boiling and its effect on the heat transfer process were investigated. (B204).

Author: Guan Heng Yeoh
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781604569438
Category : Fluid dynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 0

View

Book Description
In the context of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), modelling low-pressure subcooled boiling flow is of particular significance. A review is provided in this book of the various numerical modelling approaches that have been adopted to handle subcooled boiling flow. The main focus in the analysis of such a challenging problem can be broadly classified according into two important categories: (i) Heat transfer and wall heat flux partitioning during subcooled boiling flow at the heated wall and (ii) Two-phase flow and bubble behaviours in the bulk subcooled flow away from the heated wall. For the first category, details of both empirical and mechanistic models that have been proposed in the literature are given. The enhancement in heat transfer during forced convective boiling attributed by the presence of both sliding and stationary bubbles, force balance model for bubble departure and bubble lift-off as well as the evaluation of bubble frequency based on fundamental theory depict the many improvements that have been introduced to the current mechanistic model of heat transfer and wall heat flux partitioning. For the second category, details of applications of various empirical relationships and mechanistic model such as population balance model to determine the local bubble diameter in the bulk subcooled liquid that have been employed in the literature are also given. A comparison of the predictions with experimental data is demonstrated. For the local case, the model considering population balance and improved wall heat partition shows good agreement with the experimentally measured radial distributions of the Sauter mean bubble diameter, void fraction, interfacial area concentration and liquid velocity profiles. Significant weakness prevails however over the vapor velocity distribution. For the axial case, good agreement is also achieved for the axial distributions of the Sauter mean bubble diameter, void fraction and interfacial area concentration profiles. The present model correctly represents the plateau at the initial boiling stages at upstream, typically found in low-pressure subcooled boiling flows, followed by the significant rise of the void fraction at downstream.

Author: Joseph Kreynin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 56

View

Book Description
The design and testing of an apparatus to use in subcooled boiling flow experiments. A vertical annulus flow loop was design to mimic a rod used in a reactor boiler. The system was tested at different velocities and temperatures to verify it could be used in a range of experiments to try and match real world conditions. The system managed to produce the desired outcome of bubble growth in a desired location as well as run with the PIV system showing good prospect in the intended use of the experimental set up.

Author: Jun Soo Yoo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description
A series of experimental work to investigate the subcooled boiling flow in a vertical square upward flow channel is described. As experimental methods, high-speed photography and infrared (IR) thermometry were employed simultaneously. The research scope explored includes (i) measurement issues of fundamental bubble parameters through visualization, (ii) experimental methodology to achieve both enhanced two-phase flow visualization and accurate wall temperature measurement, and (iii) measurement of diverse aspects of bubble dynamics as well as wall heat transfer by applying the verified experimental approach. Before producing the actual data, substantial effort was first made to identify the critical measurement issues of fundamental bubble parameters in a forced convective boiling system. Those issues have never been explicitly addressed in previous studies despite the possibly critical impacts on the experimental results. Thus, a series of systematic experimental investigations was performed to uncover those issues and to verify the errors created by not addressing them, based on which more suitable ways of observing and characterizing such parameters through experiments were discussed. Then, an experimental strategy to achieve high-fidelity optical measurements using both high-speed photography and IR thermometry was established. To attain the goal, the important issues such as test section design, IR thermal imaging issues, visualization strategy, wall temperature tracking method, and experimental validations were extensively addressed. Also, the feasibility of current experimental approach was demonstrated through the subcooled flow boiling experiment. Finally, by employing the experimental strategy established, an experimental investigation of the subcooled boiling flow was conducted. The experiment was performed in a vertical square upward flow channel using refrigerant NovecTM 7000, in which a single nucleation site was purposely activated for a fundamental study of subcooled flow boiling process. The various aspects of bubble behavior under different subcooled flow boiling conditions were examined using both micro- and macroscopic views of high-speed cameras while measuring the wall temperature/heat flux with IR thermometry. Additionally, based on the measurements of various bubble parameters as well as wall heat transfer, relevant relations among those parameters and the underlying mechanisms were intensively discussed. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155042

Author: Ravikishore Kommajosyula
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 148

View

Book Description
Boiling is an extremely efficient mode of heat transfer and is the preferred heat removal mechanism in power systems in general and, more recently, in electronics cooling. Physics-based models that describe boiling heat transfer, when coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), can be an invaluable tool to increase the performance of such systems. Existing modeling approaches do not incorporate all relevant heat transfer mechanisms at the wall, limiting their predictive capability and general applicability. These shortcomings restrict the application of CFD in the design process. For the nuclear industry, this means having to rely on expensive experimental campaigns to develop and license new reactor designs. A second-generation mechanistic heat flux partitioning framework developed in our group provides an enhanced physical description of flow boiling. It introduces several mechanisms not accounted for in previous formulations, such as 1) bubbles sliding on the heater surface, 2) interaction of nucleation sites and 3) microlayer evaporation. The framework requires describing the complete bubble ebullition cycle, including bubble nucleation, growth, and departure through closure models, which are currently lacking. This thesis extends the framework into a closed-formulation by developing closure models that adequately represent the underlying physics. New models for predicting the bubble departure diameter and frequency are developed based on insights gathered from experiments and direct numerical simulations. An assessment against existing approaches to model boiling heat transfer demonstrates the model’s ability to predict over 80% of the boiling curves within a 20% error, while also capturing the correct trends with flow conditions. The model implementation in a commercial CFD software is demonstrated using data from the Bartolomei experiment. The extendability of the model to novel heater surfaces is further demonstrated for a sapphire heater substrate, where fewer cavities for nucleation shift the boiling curves to considerably higher wall superheats. This mechanistic representation of boiling heat transfer has the potential to support predictive design with optimal boiling heat transfer for improved system efficiency, with the specific objective to accelerate the development of novel nuclear fuel concepts.

Author: Michael D. Cartwright
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nucleate boiling
Languages : en
Pages : 196

View

Book Description
"An experimental and analytical study of bubble nucleation characteristics for a polished aluminum surface under sub-cooled flow boiling of water is conducted. A high magnification (up to 1350X) microscope and an atomic force magnifier were used to visualize the aluminum surface to determine a range of cavity sizes on the heater surface as well as gain insight into the shape of the cavity. A high-speed camera was incorporated to study the actual bubble nucleation from these cavities. A review of existing theoretical models available in literature to predict bubble nucleation characteristics in flow boiling is also presented. A new bubble nucleation model is proposed which uses experimentally determined bubble geometry and results from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. Experimental data was collected through the use of the high-speed flow visualization system available in RIT's Thermal Fluid Laboratory. The data is obtained to study the effects of sub-cooling, flow rate, and wall superheat on the nucleation characteristics of different size cavities. This data is also compared with existing models as well as the one proposed in this investigation."--Abstract.