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Author: Yongsheng Zhou Publisher: ISBN: Category : Buildings Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The wind environment around buildings and the wind pressures on building surfaces are studied by scale-model experiments in wind tunnels and confirmed by full scale measurements. Such experiments are often expensive and time consuming. Computational wind engineering as a new branch of computational fluid dynamics has been developed recently to evaluate the interaction between wind and buildings numerically. In the current study, a systematic examination of wind effects on buildings and wind flow conditions around buildings has been carried out numerically. Contrary to the usual numerical evaluations which were only performed on rectangular buildings, the current study evaluates the wind effects on buildings of different shapes such as L-shapes and Z-shapes. The steady state Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model have been adopted for the numerical studies. These equations have been solved with the SIMPLE method. Some researchers declared that the discrepancies between the computed results with the k-$\varepsilon$ model method and the experimental data on the flat roof of a rectangular building are caused by the coarse grid used. To check this, a systematic evaluation of the k-$\varepsilon$ model method in predicting the wind pressure on flat roofs has been attempted by using grids of various densities. Computations were made for a low building and a taller building. Both the advantages and limitations of this most widely used method in computing the wind pressure on flat roofs under normal and oblique wind conditions have been discussed. This study revealed that these discrepancies can be attributed not only to the coarse grid arrangement but also to the k-$\varepsilon$ model itself. To keep the advantages of k-$\varepsilon$ model in representing the fully turbulent flow in the external region far from solid walls and to avoid its shortcomings for the near wall flows, a two-layer methodology combining the k-$\varepsilon$ model in external flow region with either a one-equation model or a modified k-$\varepsilon$ model in the near wall area has been adopted in this study to predict the wind conditions around a cubic building. The two-layer method based on the modified k-$\varepsilon$ model has not been found effective. The two-layer method based on a one-equation model, however, has been proved very effective in predicting the separation above the roof surface and near the side walls of a cubic building which was not possible with the usual k-$\varepsilon$ model method; as a result, the prediction of the wind pressure on the roof and side walls has also been apparently improved.
Author: Yongsheng Zhou Publisher: ISBN: Category : Buildings Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The wind environment around buildings and the wind pressures on building surfaces are studied by scale-model experiments in wind tunnels and confirmed by full scale measurements. Such experiments are often expensive and time consuming. Computational wind engineering as a new branch of computational fluid dynamics has been developed recently to evaluate the interaction between wind and buildings numerically. In the current study, a systematic examination of wind effects on buildings and wind flow conditions around buildings has been carried out numerically. Contrary to the usual numerical evaluations which were only performed on rectangular buildings, the current study evaluates the wind effects on buildings of different shapes such as L-shapes and Z-shapes. The steady state Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model have been adopted for the numerical studies. These equations have been solved with the SIMPLE method. Some researchers declared that the discrepancies between the computed results with the k-$\varepsilon$ model method and the experimental data on the flat roof of a rectangular building are caused by the coarse grid used. To check this, a systematic evaluation of the k-$\varepsilon$ model method in predicting the wind pressure on flat roofs has been attempted by using grids of various densities. Computations were made for a low building and a taller building. Both the advantages and limitations of this most widely used method in computing the wind pressure on flat roofs under normal and oblique wind conditions have been discussed. This study revealed that these discrepancies can be attributed not only to the coarse grid arrangement but also to the k-$\varepsilon$ model itself. To keep the advantages of k-$\varepsilon$ model in representing the fully turbulent flow in the external region far from solid walls and to avoid its shortcomings for the near wall flows, a two-layer methodology combining the k-$\varepsilon$ model in external flow region with either a one-equation model or a modified k-$\varepsilon$ model in the near wall area has been adopted in this study to predict the wind conditions around a cubic building. The two-layer method based on the modified k-$\varepsilon$ model has not been found effective. The two-layer method based on a one-equation model, however, has been proved very effective in predicting the separation above the roof surface and near the side walls of a cubic building which was not possible with the usual k-$\varepsilon$ model method; as a result, the prediction of the wind pressure on the roof and side walls has also been apparently improved.
Author: Ye Li Publisher: ISBN: Category : Air Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
A detailed and comprehensive numerical study of wind-induced pollutant dispersion around buildings has been carried out. Research in this area was reviewed and analyzed. The results from various studies were compared. Based on the review and the comparison with various studies, a more effective methodology for the numerical evaluation of dispersion of pollutants around buildings has been proposed. Computed results of a two-layer approach show various degrees of improvement for the concentration field in the wake region and on the back wall of the building. Results from two-layer approach also show improvement on the building roof for along-wind direction. However, the two-layer approach does not seem to work well for roof concentration along the cross-wind direction; this is probably due to the drawback of the isotropic turbulence model used. The previous numerical studies on pollutant dispersion around rectangular buildings only investigated the concentration profiles for along-wind direction or vertical direction, and these were only for limited situations. A systematic examination of pollutant concentration in the wake of a rectangular building has been carried out for two different release sources. The concentration profiles have been investigated for along-wind, across-wind and vertical directions for various locations. The numerical simulation results have been compared with those from the experiments and from the Modified Gaussian Model. Results from numerical simulation generally agree well with those from the experiments. It was found that the numerical simulation predicts ground level pollutant concentrations better than the Modified Gaussian Model in the near building wake area. The influence of numerical errors on the computed results and the effects of thresholds in the demoralization and convergence process have been investigated for the first time in the area of numerical simulation of pollutant dispersion around buildings.
Author: Ted Stathopoulos Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3211730761 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 234
Book Description
Written by seven internationally known experts, the articles in this book present the fundamentals and practical applications of contemporary wind engineering. It covers complex problems in wind-building interaction from the perspective of a structural designer, examining both experimental and computational approaches and their relative merits.
Author: Jiyuan Tu Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann ISBN: 0080982433 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 458
Book Description
An introduction to CFD fundamentals and using commercial CFD software to solve engineering problems, designed for the wide variety of engineering students new to CFD, and for practicing engineers learning CFD for the first time. Combining an appropriate level of mathematical background, worked examples, computer screen shots, and step by step processes, this book walks the reader through modeling and computing, as well as interpreting CFD results. The first book in the field aimed at CFD users rather than developers. New to this edition: A more comprehensive coverage of CFD techniques including discretisation via finite element and spectral element as well as finite difference and finite volume methods and multigrid method. Coverage of different approaches to CFD grid generation in order to closely match how CFD meshing is being used in industry. Additional coverage of high-pressure fluid dynamics and meshless approach to provide a broader overview of the application areas where CFD can be used. 20% new content .
Author: Pieter de Wilde Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119341922 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 628
Book Description
Explores and brings together the existent body of knowledge on building performance analysis Shortlisted in the CIBSE 2020 Building Performance Awards Building performance is an important yet surprisingly complex concept. This book presents a comprehensive and systematic overview of the subject. It provides a working definition of building performance, and an in-depth discussion of the role building performance plays throughout the building life cycle. The book also explores the perspectives of various stakeholders, the functions of buildings, performance requirements, performance quantification (both predicted and measured), criteria for success, and the challenges of using performance analysis in practice. Building Performance Analysis starts by introducing the subject of building performance: its key terms, definitions, history, and challenges. It then develops a theoretical foundation for the subject, explores the complexity of performance assessment, and the way that performance analysis impacts on actual buildings. In doing so, it attempts to answer the following questions: What is building performance? How can building performance be measured and analyzed? How does the analysis of building performance guide the improvement of buildings? And what can the building domain learn from the way performance is handled in other disciplines? Assembles the current body of knowledge on building performance analysis in one unique resource Offers deep insights into the complexity of using building performance analysis throughout the entire building life cycle, including design, operation and management Contributes an emergent theory of building performance and its analysis Building Performance Analysis will appeal to the building science community, both from industry and academia. It specifically targets advanced students in architectural engineering, building services design, building performance simulation and similar fields who hold an interest in ensuring that buildings meet the needs of their stakeholders.
Author: Souvik Chakraborty Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783659690945 Category : Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
This book deals with experimental and numerical simulation of wind effect on '+' plan shaped tall building. Although such buildings are common in practice, no codal provision for calculating wind load on such building is available in the international standards. Two popular numerical schemes, namely k-epsilon and shear stress transport technique has been used for determining pressure coefficient on various faces of the '+' plan shaped building. The result presented will be helpful for practicing engineers in designing such peculiar shaped building. Furthermore, this book will also be useful in developing basic understanding regarding wind flow around buildings.
Author: Emil Simiu Publisher: Wiley-Interscience ISBN: 9780471121572 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 704
Book Description
The brand-new edition—with complete, up-to-date coverage of new methods and standards for the construction of wind-resistant structures Long recognized as the sole source of detailed information on the design of wind-resistant structures, Wind Effects on Structures equips designers and engineers with crucial knowledge concerning the atmosphere, the forces placed on a structure by the wind environment, and the behavior of structures under the action of these forces. Revised, updated, and augmented with material on new building codes, engineering practices, and technology, this latest edition is the most comprehensive and up-to-the-minute reference available on this important subject. New features include: Special material on the design of low-rise buildings, including building code provisions for wind loads on these structures Technical information on hurricane micrometeorology, computational fluid dynamics, empirical aerolastic models, and many other areas Easy-to-use software package for the automatic calculation of wind loads in accordance with ASCE Standard 7-95, and much more The damage done by recent hurricanes such as Andrew and Iniki has inspired a number of significant developments in the wind engineering field, from increased use of technology to predict structural loading to the creation of more stringent building codes. Long recognized as the sole source of detailed information on the design of wind-resistant structures, Wind Effects on Structures has now been fully revised to address these important changes—providing engineers with completely up-to-date methods and standards for the construction of wind-resistant structures. Divided into sections on the atmosphere, wind loads, and their effects on structures, the text now incorporates the latest information on the design of low-rise buildings, revised building code standards, and suspended-span structures, plus new material on an extensive range of technical subjects—including across-wind and torsional effects on tall structures, damping of flexible buildings, and progress in wind tunnel modeling. Combining fundamental concepts with real-world applications, this new edition features an easy-to-use software package that enables fast and accurate calculation of wind loads in line with ASCE Standard 7-95 provisions. Thoroughly updated, revised, and amended, Wind Effects on Structures provides the invaluable guidance designers and engineers need to assure the adequate structural safety and serviceability of virtually any wind-sensitive project.
Author: Yongsheng Zhou
Author: Yongsheng Zhou
Author: Ye Li
Author: Ted Stathopoulos
Author: Dipak Shantilal Kamdar
Author: 
Author: Jiyuan Tu
Author: Ranjith Dissanayake
Author: Pieter de Wilde
Author: Souvik Chakraborty
Author: Emil Simiu