Nucleotides as Regulators of Bone Cell Function and Mineralisation PDF Download

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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 480

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Author: Mark Omar Raimes Hajjawi
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Geoffrey Burnstock
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420005057
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 234

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ATP's powerful impact on the heart and blood vessels was first described in 1929, but it was not until the 1970s that ATP was proposed as the 'purinergic' neurotransmitter in autonomic nerves. The door to this area of research was thrown open when receptors for ATP and its ectoenzymatic breakdown product adenosine were first cloned in the early 199

Author: M. L. Key
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
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Previous work has demonstrated that bone cells are highly sensitive to extracellular acidification. Low pH is a key osteoclast activation factor, and reduces bone formation by inhibiting mineralisation of the matrix. The aim of this thesis was to investigate further the roles played by pH in modulating bone cell function. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels detect protons within the pathophysiological range, so are potential candidates for mediating the observed effects of acid on bone cells. I found that TRPV1 agonists/antagonists had no effect on osteoclast formation and activation or bone mineralisation by osteoblasts. Additionally, TRPV1-/- osteoclasts demonstrated no functional differences from wildtypes. Furthermore, agonists/antagonists for TRPM8, TRPV4 and TRPV3 were without effect. Pyrophosphate (PPi) a fundamental inhibitor of mineralisation in the bone microenvironment is generated from extracellular nucleotides by ecto-nucleotidases such as E-NPP1. I showed that E-NPP1 mRNA and protein were up-regulated in osteoblasts cultured at pH 6.9; total E-NPP activity was also increased. To determine the role of acidification in tumour-induced osteolysis, I devised an in vitro model to investigate interactions of osteoclasts with breast cancer cells, which metastasise to bone, sometimes causing osteolytic disease. Surprisingly, the overall effect of breast cancer cells on osteoclasts was inhibitory; however, resorption was significantly stimulated relative to buffered controls when breast cancer cells were allowed to acidify the culture medium. These results suggest that local acidification in tumour settings in vivo could be an important factor in determining the degree of osteolysis that occurs. Finally, I investigated whether two key cytokines implicated in the vicious cycle model of tumour-mediated osteolysis, B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and activin A influence osteoclast function. In all experiments only acidosis stimulated osteoclast resorption. These results provide further evidence for the fundamental role of acid as a regulator of bone cell function.

Author: United States Public Health Service
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781410219275
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis illustrates the large burden that bone disease places on our Nation and its citizens. Like other chronic diseases that disproportionately affect the elderly, the prevalence of bone disease and fractures is projected to increase markedly as the population ages. If these predictions come true, bone disease and fractures will have a tremendous negative impact on the future well-being of Americans. But as this report makes clear, they need not come true: by working together we can change the picture of aging in America. Osteoporosis, fractures, and other chronic diseases no longer should be thought of as an inevitable part of growing old. By focusing on prevention and lifestyle changes, including physical activity and nutrition, as well as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, Americans can avoid much of the damaging impact of bone disease and other chronic diseases. This Surgeon General's Report brings together for the first time the scientific evidence related to the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of bone disease. More importantly, it provides a framework for moving forward. The report will be another effective tool in educating Americans about how they can promote bone health throughout their lives. This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis provides much needed information on bone health, an often overlooked aspect of physical health. This report follows in the tradition of previous Surgeon Generals' reports by identifying the relevant scientific data, rigorously evaluating and summarizing the evidence, and determining conclusions.

Author: Shaul Massry
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461342171
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 611

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We present to our readers the proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Phosphate. A short account of the history of the effort led to the Phosphate Workshops is appro priate and can be of interest to the reader. The idea for Phosphate Workshops was born in the early days of November, 1974. One of us (S. G. M. ) suggested the thought to a group of scientists gathered for a luncheon in one of the attrac tive small restaurants in Weisbaden, Germany. The purpose of the workshop was to bring together interested scientists to discuss the newer developments and the recent advances in the field of phosphate metabolism and the other related minerals. An Organizing Committee made of Shaul G. Massry (USA), Louis V. Avioli (USA), Philippe Bordier (France), Herbert Fleisch (Switzerland), and Eduardo Slatopolsky (USA) was formed. The First Workshop was held in Paris during June 5-6, 1975 and was hosted by Dr. Philippe Bordier. Its proceeding was already published. The Second Workshop took place in Heidelberg during June 28-30, 1976 and was hosted by Dr. Eberhard Ritz. Both of these workshops were extremely successful scientific endeavors, and the need for them was demonstrated by the great interest they generated among the scientific community. The Or ganizing Committee, therefore, decided to continue with the tradi tion to hold additional Workshops annually or every other year.

Author: Carl E. Misch
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323112919
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1009

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Written by the foremost authority in the field, Dental Implants Prosthetics, 2nd Edition helps you advance your skills and understanding of implant prosthetics. Comprehensive coverage includes both simple and complicated clinical cases, with practical guidance on how to apply the latest research, diagnostic tools, treatment planning, implant designs, materials, and techniques to provide superior patient outcomes. - Treatment supported by clinical evidence equips students with a more targeted evidence-based approach to patient procedures. - NEW! Emphasis on treatment planning helps decrease the number of visits while providing effective, long-term results for the patient. - NEW! Focus on the patient presentation offers the latest treatment options for bone harvesting, restoration and recovery. - NEW! Original illustrations and photos highlight and clarify key clinical concepts and techniques.

Author: Antonino Belfiore
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783319446745
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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This volume provides comprehensive coverage of the current knowledge of the physiology of the endocrine system and hormone synthesis and release, transport, and action at the molecular and cellular levels. It presents essential as well as in-depth information of value to both medical students and specialists in Endocrinology, Gynecology, Pediatrics, and Internal Medicine. Although it is well established that the endocrine system regulates essential functions involved in growth, reproduction, and homeostasis, it is increasingly being recognized that this complex regulatory system comprises not only hormones secreted by the classic endocrine glands but also hormones and regulatory factors produced by many organs, and involves extensive crosstalk with the neural and immune system. At the same time, our knowledge of the molecular basis of hormone action has greatly improved. Understanding this complexity of endocrine physiology is crucial to prevent endocrine disorders, to improve the sensitivity of our diagnostic tools, and to provide the rationale for pharmacological, immunological, or genetic interventions. It is such understanding that this book is designed to foster.

Author: Jen-Chywan Wang
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1493928953
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 387

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This timely volume provides a comprehensive overview of glucocorticoids and their role in regulating many aspects of physiology and their use in the treatment of disease. The book is broken into four sections that begin by giving a general introduction to glucocorticoids and a brief history of the field. The second section will discuss the effects of glucocorticoids on metabolism, while the third section will cover the effects of glucocorticoids on key tissues. The final section will discuss general topics, such as animal models in glucocorticoid research and clinical implications of glucocorticoid research. Featuring chapters from leaders in the field, this volume will be of interest to both researchers and clinicians.

Author: David B. Burr
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123914590
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 390

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This book provides an overview of skeletal biology from the molecular level to the organ level, including cellular control, interaction and response; adaptive responses to various external stimuli; the interaction of the skeletal system with other metabolic processes in the body; and the effect of various disease processes on the skeleton. The book also includes chapters that address how the skeleton can be evaluated through the use of various imaging technologies, biomechanical testing, histomorphometric analysis, and the use of genetically modified animal models. - Presents an in-depth overview of skeletal biology from the molecular to the organ level - Offers "refresher" level content for clinicians or researchers outside their areas of expertise - Boasts editors and many chapter authors from Indiana and Purdue Universities, two of the broadest and deepest programs in skeletal biology in the US; other chapter authors include clinician scientists from pharmaceutical companies that apply the basics of bone biology