Author: Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence in 240Pu
Author: Examining 239Pu and 240Pu Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence Measurements on Spent Fuel for Nuclear Safeguards
Author: Using Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence to Probe Nuclear Materials
Author: Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence in 31P and 55Mn
Author: Ronald J. FoustMeasurements of Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence on the 1.27 Mev Level of Sn−p116 −s
Author: John M. GonserPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fluorescence
Languages : en
Pages : 82
Book Description
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence for Nuclear Materials Assay
Author: Brian Joseph QuiterPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 510
Book Description
This dissertation examines the measurement of nuclear resonance fluorescence gamma-rays as a technique to non-destructively determine isotopic compositions of target materials that are of interest for nuclear security applications. The physical processes that can result in non-resonant background to nuclear resonance fluorescence measurements are described and investigated using a radiation transport computer code that relies on the Monte Carlo technique, MCNPX. The phenomenon of nuclear resonance fluorescence is discussed with consideration of the angular distributions of resonance emissions, the effects of nuclear recoil, and the influence of thermal motion. Models describing two ways of measuring nuclear resonance fluorescence rates in materials are considered. First the measurement of back-scattered photons is considered. In this type of measurement, the portion of the interrogating photon beam that is scattered into large relative angles is measured. When the radioactivity of the target can be overcome by shielding or by use of intense photon sources, direct measurement of gamma-rays, emitted during nuclear resonance fluorescence can provide quantitative signatures that appear to be useful for applications such as forensic age-dating of large radiological sources. However, if the target radioactivity is too intense, as in the case for most spent nuclear fuel, a second measurement type, where indirect measurement of transmitted resonant-energy photons can also provide quantitative information. This method allows radiation detectors to be better-shielded from target radioactivity, but suffers from a slower accrual rate of statistical confidence. The models described herein indicate that very intense photon sources and large high-resolution detector arrays would be needed to measure 239Pu content in spent fuel to precisions desired by nuclear safeguards organizations. However, the rates at which statistics accrue are strongly proportional to the strengths of the resonances, and measurement of a plutonium isotope with stronger resonances may provide more practical measurement rates. The model for predicting relative detection rates of nuclear resonance fluorescence gamma-rays in the transmission measurement was experimentally tested using the 238U in a mixture of depleted uranium and lead as a surrogate for 239Pu in spent fuel. The experiment indicated that the model was approximately correct, but that the process of notch refilling, which was excluded from the initial model, appears to be visible. Data files of the computer code, MCNPX, were modified to allow for nuclear resonance fluorescence to be simulated and a bug in the code was repaired to allow the code to more accurately simulate non-resonant elastic photon scattering. Simulations using this modified version of MCNPX have indicated that the magnitude of the notch refill process is comparable to that of the difference between the analytical model and the experimental data.
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence in 27Al
Author: Michael J. ParrottNuclear Resonance Fluorescence in 55Mn
Author: Dennis A. JusticeNuclear Resonance Fluorescence in 206, 207, 208 Pb and 209 Bi
Author: Daniel Frederick CoopePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear magnetic resonance
Languages : en
Pages : 86
Book Description
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence Excitations Near 2 MeV in 235U and 239Pu
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 7
Book Description
A search for nuclear resonance fluorescence excitations in 235U and 239Pu within the energy range of 1.0- to 2.5-MeV was performed using a 4-MeV continuous bremsstrahlung source at the High Voltage Research Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Measurements utilizing high purity Ge detectors at backward angles identified 9 photopeaks in 235U and 12 photopeaks in 239Pu in this energy range. These resonances provide unique signatures that allow the materials to be non-intrusively detected in a variety of environments including fuel cells, waste drums, vehicles and containers. The presence and properties of these states may prove useful in understanding the mechanisms for mixing low-lying collective dipole excitations with other states at low excitations in heavy nuclei.