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Author: William W. Pratt Publisher: ISBN: Category : Beta ray spectrometry Languages : en Pages : 94
Book Description
The use of a beta-ray spectrometer, in the analysis of nuclear decay schemes, makes possible the solution of many of the problems which arise in the course of such analyses. Of particular interest is the application of the instrument to the determination of the energy of beta and gamma-radiation from radioactive isotopes. In addition, it is possible to use the instrument to estimate the relative intensities of the various components of radiation; and to apply the coincidence method, in conjunction with the spectrometer, to the determination of the order in which these components are emitted from the nucleus. The present work was concerned with three particular problems arising in beta-ray spectrometry. A method of improving the intensity-resolution relationship of a thin lens magnetic beta-ray spectrometer, by means of ring focusing, was investigated. The existence of a ring-shaped constriction in the electron beam was demonstrated experimentally by a photographic film method. A theoretical analysis was carried out in an attempt to determine relations from which the relative intensities of beta-rays, gamma-rays and internal conversion electrons might be determined from data obtained with the spectrometer. Simplifying assumptions were made concerning the focusing action of the instrument, and effects due to scattering of electrons in the source of photoelectric radiator were neglected. Formulae were derived from which the observed spectrometer counting rates due to sources of known activity, emitting beta-rays, gamma-rays or internal conversion electrons may be predicted.
Author: William W. Pratt Publisher: ISBN: Category : Beta ray spectrometry Languages : en Pages : 94
Book Description
The use of a beta-ray spectrometer, in the analysis of nuclear decay schemes, makes possible the solution of many of the problems which arise in the course of such analyses. Of particular interest is the application of the instrument to the determination of the energy of beta and gamma-radiation from radioactive isotopes. In addition, it is possible to use the instrument to estimate the relative intensities of the various components of radiation; and to apply the coincidence method, in conjunction with the spectrometer, to the determination of the order in which these components are emitted from the nucleus. The present work was concerned with three particular problems arising in beta-ray spectrometry. A method of improving the intensity-resolution relationship of a thin lens magnetic beta-ray spectrometer, by means of ring focusing, was investigated. The existence of a ring-shaped constriction in the electron beam was demonstrated experimentally by a photographic film method. A theoretical analysis was carried out in an attempt to determine relations from which the relative intensities of beta-rays, gamma-rays and internal conversion electrons might be determined from data obtained with the spectrometer. Simplifying assumptions were made concerning the focusing action of the instrument, and effects due to scattering of electrons in the source of photoelectric radiator were neglected. Formulae were derived from which the observed spectrometer counting rates due to sources of known activity, emitting beta-rays, gamma-rays or internal conversion electrons may be predicted.
Author: K. Siegbahn Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0444596992 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 915
Book Description
Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Volume 1 offers a comprehensive account of radioactivity and related low-energy phenomena. It summarizes progress in the field of alpha-, beta- and gamma-ray spectroscopy, including the discovery of the non-conservation of parity, as well as new experimental methods that elucidate the processes of weak interactions in general and beta-decay in particular. Comprised of 14 chapters, the book presents experimental methods and theoretical discussions and calculations to maintain the link between experiment and theory. It begins with a discussion of the interaction of electrons and alpha particles with matter. The book explains the elastic scattering of electrons by atomic nuclei and the interaction between gamma-radiation and matter. It then introduces topic on beta-ray spectrometer theory and design and crystal diffraction spectroscopy of nuclear gamma rays. Moreover, the book discusses the applications of the scintillation counter; proportional counting in gases; and the general processes and procedures used in determining disintegration schemes through a study of the beta- and gamma-rays emitted. In addition, it covers the nuclear shell model; collective nuclear motion and the unified model; and alpha-decay conservation laws. The emissions of gamma-radiation during charged particle bombardment and from fission fragments, as well as the neutron-capture radiation spectroscopy, are also explained. Experimentalists will find this book extremely useful.
Author: Michael F. L'Annunziata Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323137881 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 810
Book Description
Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis is written by experts in the measurement of radioactivity. The book describes the broad scope of analytical methods available and instructs the reader on how to select the proper technique. It is intended as a practical manual for research which requires the accurate measurement of radioactivity at all levels, from the low levels encountered in the environment to the high levels measured in radioisotope research. This book contains sample preparation procedures, recommendations on steps to follow, necessary calculations, computer controlled analysis, and high sample throughput techniques. Each chapter includes practical techniques for application to nuclear safety, nuclear safeguards, environmental analysis, weapons disarmament, and assays required for research in biomedicine and agriculture. The fundamentals of radioactivity properties, radionuclide decay, and methods of detection are included to provide the basis for a thorough understanding of the analytical procedures described in the book. Therefore, the Handbook can also be used as a teaching text. - Includes sample preparation techniques for matrices such as soil, air, plant, water, animal tissue, and surface swipes - Provides procedures and guidelines for the analysis of commonly encountered na
Author: David Jenkins Publisher: Programme: Iop Expanding Physi ISBN: 9780750314299 Category : Science Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Radiation detection is key to experimental nuclear physics as well as underpinning a wide range of applications in nuclear decommissioning, homeland security and medical imaging. This book presents the state-of-the-art in radiation detection of light and heavy ions, beta particles, gamma rays and neutrons. The underpinning physics of different detector technologies is presented, and their performance is compared and contrasted. Detector technology likely to be encountered in contemporary international laboratories is also emphasized. There is a strong focus on experimental design and mapping detector technology to the needs of a particular measurement problem. This book will be invaluable to PhD students in experimental nuclear physics and nuclear technology, as well as undergraduate students encountering projects based on radiation detection for the first time. Key Features Provides clear, concise descriptions of key detection techniques Describes detector types with "telescopic depth", so readers can go as deep as they wish Covers real-world applications including short case studies in industry
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309176697 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 144
Book Description
Radioactive isotopes and enriched stable isotopes are used widely in medicine, agriculture, industry, and science, where their application allows us to perform many tasks more accurately, more simply, less expensively, and more quickly than would otherwise be possible. Indeed, in many casesâ€"for example, biological tracersâ€"there is no alternative. In a stellar example of "technology transfer" that began before the term was popular, the Department of Energy (DOE) and its predecessors has supported the development and application of isotopes and their transfer to the private sector. The DOE is now at an important crossroads: Isotope production has suffered as support for DOE's laboratories has declined. In response to a DOE request, this book is an intensive examination of isotope production and availability, including the education and training of those who will be needed to sustain the flow of radioactive and stable materials from their sources to the laboratories and medical care facilities in which they are used. Chapters include an examination of enriched stable isotopes; reactor and accelerator-produced radionuclides; partnerships among industries, national laboratories, and universities; and national isotope policy.
Author: William R. Leo Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642579205 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 385
Book Description
A treatment of the experimental techniques and instrumentation most often used in nuclear and particle physics experiments as well as in various other experiments, providing useful results and formulae, technical know-how and informative details. This second edition has been revised, while sections on Cherenkov radiation and radiation protection have been updated and extended.
Author: William W. Pratt
Author: William W. Pratt
Author: K. Siegbahn
Author: Doug Reilly
Author: Janice L. Bishop
Author: Michael F. L'Annunziata
Author: David Jenkins
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: William R. Leo