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Author: Xuyao Zhang Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832539726 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 537
Book Description
Cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, has revolutionized the paradigm in cancer treatment. However, the clinical outcome of immunotherapy varies considerably among patients and only a minority of patients achieve long-term clinical benefits. This is largely attributed to the fact that existing cancer immunotherapies, which concentrate on several classical targets (CTAL-4, PD-1/PD-L1, etc.) and limited types of immune cell populations (T cells), are insufficient to cope with the complexity of highly heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME). This calls for more efforts to not only expand our toolbox for manipulating anticancer immunity but also diversify our combinational strategies. To this end, it is urgent to deeper our understanding of cancer immunotherapy by using both experimental and computational methodologies from multi-scale perspectives: 1) novel targets from either tumor cells or non-tumor cells within TME (e.g., tumor intrinsic resistance drivers, new immune checkpoints, neoantigens), 2) in-depth characterization of more immune cell populations (e.g., macrophages, Tregs, B cells) and their interactions and dynamics within TME, 3) landscape of actionable targets in patient populations for combination design. These efforts will open the avenue of rational design of combinational immunotherapies, allowing researchers and clinicians to design novel targeting therapeutics or to optimally orchestrate combinatory strategies aiming to surmount resistance mechanisms and improve clinical outcomes.
Author: George C. Prendergast Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0123946336 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 679
Book Description
There has been major growth in understanding immune suppression mechanisms and its relationship to cancer progression and therapy. This book highlights emerging new principles of immune suppression that drive cancer, and it offers radically new ideas about how therapy can be improved by attacking these principles. Following work that firmly establishes immune escape as an essential trait of cancer, recent studies have now defined specific mechanisms of tumor immune suppression. It also demonstrates how attacking tumors with molecular targeted therapeutics or traditional chemotherapeutic drugs can produce potent anti-tumor effects in preclinical models. This book provides basic, translational, and clinical cancer researchers with an indispensable overview of immune escape as a critical trait in cancer and how applying specific combinations of immunotherapy and chemotherapy to attack this trait may radically improve the treatment of advanced disease. Offers a synthesis of concepts that are useful to cancer immunologists and pharmacologists, who tend to work in disparate fields with little cross-communication Drs. Prendergast and Jaffee are internationally recognized leaders in cancer biology and immunology who have created a unique synthesis of fundamental and applied concepts in this important new area of cancer research Summarizes the latest insights into how immune escape defines an essential trait of cancer Includes numerous illustrations, including how molecular-targeted therapeutic drugs or traditional chemotherapy can be combined with immunotherapy to improve anti-tumor efficacy and how reversing immune suppression by the tumor can cause tumor regression
Author: Matthias Theobald Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832550010 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 247
Book Description
The complex interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems function to recognize and clear pathogens or transformed cells, but inefficient interactions between these two systems can result in harmful immunologic responses including chronic infections and the development of cancer. Several hallmarks of dysfunctional adaptive immune responses often detected in tumors share specific features with ineffective immunity in chronic infections. The members of the micromilieu actively participate in the process of tumorigenesis or chronification of infection by modulating innate and adaptive immune system interactions leading e.g. to insufficient T cell responses. The best example is given by the acquisition of an “exhausted” state of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) responding to chronic infections or tumors that are associated with elevated expression of inhibitory receptors and impaired cytokine response. Targeting these major inhibitory pathways by immune checkpoint blockers represents a prime example of successful clinical translation of tumor-specific immunotherapies. Understanding the mechanisms behind (mal)adaptations of the immune system is crucial for achieving therapeutic benefits. The establishment and co-evolution of a dynamic microenvironment niche constituted by the recruitment of numerous cell types dampen immune responses and thus contribute to the development of neoplastic transformation as well as infection. Although there are examples of successful immunotherapeutic approaches (CAR-T cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, or mRNA vaccination), a large percentage of patients with cancer or chronic infections still do not benefit from these therapies or develop severe immune-related adverse events. The reasons for these failures are not well understood. A possible explanation might be that current immunotherapies target predominantly the effector arm of the immune system by trying to reactivate dysfunctional T cells, but do not sufficiently address the influence of the innate immune system and the contributions of the tumor microenvironment (TME) niche. The main problem we would like to address in this special issue is how inappropriate function of the innate immune system affects adaptive immunity and contributes to inefficient anti-cancer immunity and chronification of infections. The central goal is to provide a more precise understanding of the various (common and novel) immune evasion mechanisms in cancers and in chronic infections to obtain a detailed map of common and disease-specific immune escape checkpoints. To that aim, we want to compile a wide array of interdisciplinary studies exploring a comparative and multi-layered analysis of mechanisms responsible for inefficient immune responses, including novel approaches i.e. multi-omics or epigenetic signaling. We would also like to combine studies from different fields, including basic and clinical immunology, oncology, and virology/microbiology. We welcome the submission of Original Research, Review, Mini-Review, Methods, Case report, and Perspective articles that cover, but are not limited to the following topics: • Convergent mechanisms supporting immune escape in preclinical models (tumors and chronic infections) • Convergent evasion mechanisms mediated by tumor-infiltrating suppressive cells (Treg, MDSC, macro-phages, soluble mediators, signaling, metabolism, ...) • Convergent immune evasion mechanisms mediated by chronic infection (viral or parasite) • Novel strategies to modulate the TME by direct or indirect targeting of immune suppressor cells. • Approaches to enhance persistence and resilience of anticancer T cells • Combinatorial therapeutic strategies (mRNA, antibodies, immune checkpoint blockers …) that target convergent immune evasion mechanisms Manuscripts consisting solely of bioinformatics or computational analysis of public genomic or transcriptomic databases which are not accompanied by robust and relevant validation (clinical cohort or biological validation in vitro or in vivo) are out of scope for this topic.
Author: Rong-Fu Wang Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441999140 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 476
Book Description
Innate and adaptive immunity play important roles in immunosurveillance and tumor destruction. However, increasing evidence suggests that tumor-infiltrating immune cells may have a dual function: inhibiting or promoting tumor growth and progression. Although regulatory T (Treg) cells induce immune tolerance by suppressing host immune responses against self- or non self-antigens, thus playing critical roles in preventing autoimmune diseases, they might inhibit antitumor immunity and promote tumor growth. Recent studies demonstrate that elevated proportions of Treg cells are present in various types of cancers and suppress antitumor immunity. Furthermore, tumor-specific Treg cells can inhibit immune responses only when they are exposed to antigens presented by tumor cells. Therefore, Treg cells at tumor sites have detrimental effects on immunotherapy directed to cancer.
Author: Dmitry I. Gabrilovich Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1489980563 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 471
Book Description
Tumor-Induced Immune Suppression - Prospects and Progress in Mechanisms and Therapeutic Reversal presents a comprehensive overview of large number of different mechanisms of immune dysfunction in cancer and therapeutic approaches to their correction. This includes the number of novel mechanisms that has never before been discussed in previous monographs. The last decades were characterized by substantial progress in the understanding of the role of the immune system in tumor progression. Researchers have learned how to manipulate the immune system to generate tumor specific immune response, which raises high expectations for immunotherapy to provide breakthroughs in cancer treatment. It is increasingly clear that tumor-induced abnormalities in the immune system not only hampers natural tumor immune surveillance, but also limits the effect of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, it is critically important to understand the mechanisms of tumor-induced immune suppression to make any progress in the field and this monograph provides these important insights.
Author: Lisa H. Butterfield, PhD Publisher: Springer Publishing Company ISBN: 0826137431 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 1339
Book Description
Thoroughly updated to reflect major advances in the field of immuno-oncology, this second edition of Cancer Immunotherapy Principles and Practice, from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC), remains the definitive resource for information on tumor immunology and cancer immunotherapy treatments. An essential reference for both novice and experienced cancer researchers, oncologists, and related practitioners alike, the book not only guides readers through the fundamental scientific principles of the field all the way to translational and practical clinical applications for treating and managing oncologic disease, but also provides a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory processes that support the safe and effective delivery of immunotherapy to patients with cancer. The expanded and updated second edition now spans 68 chapters, including 12 new chapters, covering major topics and innovations that have shaped the rapid development of immunotherapy and its ascension into the standard of care as first-line treatment for a growing number of disease settings. New to this edition are chapters with deeper insight into our understanding of cancer genomics and determinants of response, immunogenic cell death, cancer and stromal cell-intrinsic pathways of immune resistance, cancer immune exclusion, adoptive cell therapy, metabolomics, tumor mutation burden, immunotherapy in combination with radiation therapy, synthetic biology, and more. Complete with detailed illustrations, tables, and key points for targeted reference, Cancer Immunotherapy Principles and Practice, Second Edition is the most comprehensive and authoritative resource for scientists and clinicians looking to expand their knowledge base of this dynamic field. Key Features: Offers key insights and perspectives on cancer immunology and immunotherapy treatments from renowned experts in the field Covers the basic principles and science behind cancer immunotherapy and tumor immunology Includes treatment strategies for a vast array of available immunotherapy classes and agents, such as cytokine therapies, oncolytic viruses, cancer vaccines, CAR T therapies, and combination immunotherapies Provides essential information on FDA-approved immunotherapies, including clinical management and outcome data related to response rates, risks, and toxicities Discusses special considerations for immunotherapy in the context of specific disease settings, including skin cancers, genitourinary cancers, gastrointestinal cancers, hepatocellular carcinomas, gynecologic malignancies, breast cancers, lung cancers, head and neck cancers, brain tumors, sarcomas, pediatric cancers, and treatments combined with radiation therapy Clarifies the complex regulatory aspects behind the development and approval of immunotherapy drugs
Author: Mansoor M. Amiji Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128233974 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 548
Book Description
Delivery Technologies for Immuno-Oncology: Volume 1: Delivery Strategies and Engineering Technologies in Cancer Immunotherapy examines the challenges of delivering immuno-oncology therapies. Immuno-oncology (IO) is a growing field of medicine at the interface of immunology and cancer biology leading to development of novel therapeutic approaches, such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) and immune checkpoint blockade antibodies, that are clinically approved approaches for cancer therapy. Although currently approved IO approaches have shown tremendous promise for select types of cancers, broad application of IO strategies could even further improve the clinical success, especially for diseases such as pancreatic cancer, brain tumors where the success of IO so far has been limited. Nanotechnology-based targeted delivery strategies could improve the delivery efficiency of IO agents as well as provide additional avenues for novel therapeutic and vaccination strategies. Additionally, a number of locally-administered immunogenic scaffolds and therapeutic strategies, such as the use of STING agonist, could benefit from rationally designed biomaterials and delivery approaches. Delivery Technologies for Immuno-Oncology: Volume 1: Delivery Strategies and Engineering Technologies in Cancer Immunotherapy creates a comprehensive treaty that engages the scientific and medical community who are involved in the challenges of immunology, cancer biology, and therapeutics with possible solutions from the nanotechnology and drug delivery side. Comprehensive treaty covering all aspects of immuno-oncology (IO) Novel strategies for delivery of IO therapeutics and vaccines Forecasting on the future of nanotechnology and drug delivery for IO
Author: Lucas Horn Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 472
Book Description
Tumor cells employ various immune suppressive strategies to overcome anti-tumor immunity. One such method is mediated by programmed death ligand-1 (PDL1), which triggers apoptotic death or anergy upon binding programmed death-1 (PD1) on T cells. Researchers have been developing immunotherapies that target PDL1 on tumor cells or PD1 on T cells to reverse tumor mediated immune suppression and reactivate an anti-tumor T cell response. We hypothesize novel single reagents such as CD80-Fc and CD3xPDL1 BiTE can be generated that combine multiple immune mechanisms in a single drug which could replace or add to existing immune modulating monotherapies. The research goals were to understand the mechanisms by which novel immunotherapeutic drugs reverse tumor mediated immune suppression and stimulate an antitumor, T cell mediated immune response. This included testing of how these drugs mediate their effects and assessing their potency in animal models.
Author: Mary L. Disis Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 536
Book Description
Discovery of target molecules for cancer immunotherapy by genetic and bioinformatic approaches -- Current strategies for the identification of immunogenic epitopes of tumor antigens -- Current and future role of natural-killer cells in cancer immunotherapy -- The role of immune monitoring in evaluating cancer immunotherapy -- Statistical analysis of immune response assays -- DNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy -- Dendritic cells -- Different approaches to dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy -- Anti-idiotype antibody vaccines for the immunotherapy of cancer -- Autologous tumor-derived heat shock protein vaccine as a new paradigm for individualized cancer therapeutics -- Tumor-reactive T-cells for adoptive immunotherapy -- T-cell adoptive immunotherapy of cancer: from translational models to clinical significance -- Retroviral-mediated gene transfer for engineering tumor-reactive T-cells -- Harnessing the potential of graft-vs-tumor -- Tumor-induced immune suppression and immune escape: mechanisms and impact on the outcome of immunotherapy of malignant disease -- The tumor microenvironment: regulation of antitumor immunity and implications for immunotherapy -- Manipulation of lymphocyte homeostasis for enhancing antitumor immunity -- Fast-lane evolution in the tumor microenvironment -- Manipulating immunological checkpoints to maximize antitumor immunity -- Interleukin-2 as cancer therapy -- Biological and clinical properties of the type 1 interferons -- Promising g [gamma]-chain cytokines for cancer immunotherapy: interleukins-7, -15, and -21 as vaccine adjuvants, growth factors -- The therapeutic use of natural-killer cells in hematological malignancies -- Antibody therapy for solid tumors -- Antibody therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma -- Approaches to in vivo imaging of cancer immunotherapy -- Design issues for early-stage clinical trials for cancer vaccines -- Monoclonal antibody therapy for cancer.