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Author: Samuel Mason Rosolina Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cadmium Languages : en Pages : 200
Book Description
The work in this dissertation focuses on the detection and analysis of trace chemicals in biological and environmental samples. Methods for the electrochemical detection of heavy metals Cd(II) [cadmium] and Pb(II) [lead], and the catalytic metal Pd(II) [palladium] in pharmaceutical ingredients have been optimized without the necessity of sample pretreatment. The metals can be analyzed simultaneously as well as individually, and the study includes the first known instance of the use of anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) to detect metals in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. Another method, based on ASV, has been optimized and evaluated for the purpose of mercury(II) analysis in a representative active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and excipient. A pyridine-functionalized thin film has been fabricated to selectively preconcentrate hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] anions for electrochemical detection. Glassy carbon electrodes were modified through physical deposition of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on the electrode surface, followed by electrochemical deposition of a sol-gel containing a 2-pyridine functional group. The use of SWNTs has increased sensitivity for Cr(VI) detection in aqueous solutions, providing a detection limit of 0.3 μg L−1 (micrograms per liter). Two new processes to pretreat blood samples have been developed. The treatments are based on a Fenton-like advanced oxidation process (AOP). The first method is performed with a simple convection oven over a period of five hours, while the second uses microwave irradiation for six minutes. These novel methods allow for either cost-effective pretreatment through the use of the common lab oven, or time savings through the use of the synthesis microwave. The pretreated biological samples were further analyzed via anodic stripping for quantification of copper in the whole blood. A novel, disposable, Bi (bismuth)-based colorimetric sensor was developed for the detection of toxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas. Using a simple laboratory setup to generate the H2S in a total volume of 1.35 L (liters), the sensor was able to qualitatively detect the analyte down to 30 ppb (parts per billion), indicating its ability to be used in industrial settings and manufactured into an inexpensive product for the determination of bad breath.
Author: Samuel Mason Rosolina Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cadmium Languages : en Pages : 200
Book Description
The work in this dissertation focuses on the detection and analysis of trace chemicals in biological and environmental samples. Methods for the electrochemical detection of heavy metals Cd(II) [cadmium] and Pb(II) [lead], and the catalytic metal Pd(II) [palladium] in pharmaceutical ingredients have been optimized without the necessity of sample pretreatment. The metals can be analyzed simultaneously as well as individually, and the study includes the first known instance of the use of anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) to detect metals in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. Another method, based on ASV, has been optimized and evaluated for the purpose of mercury(II) analysis in a representative active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and excipient. A pyridine-functionalized thin film has been fabricated to selectively preconcentrate hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] anions for electrochemical detection. Glassy carbon electrodes were modified through physical deposition of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on the electrode surface, followed by electrochemical deposition of a sol-gel containing a 2-pyridine functional group. The use of SWNTs has increased sensitivity for Cr(VI) detection in aqueous solutions, providing a detection limit of 0.3 μg L−1 (micrograms per liter). Two new processes to pretreat blood samples have been developed. The treatments are based on a Fenton-like advanced oxidation process (AOP). The first method is performed with a simple convection oven over a period of five hours, while the second uses microwave irradiation for six minutes. These novel methods allow for either cost-effective pretreatment through the use of the common lab oven, or time savings through the use of the synthesis microwave. The pretreated biological samples were further analyzed via anodic stripping for quantification of copper in the whole blood. A novel, disposable, Bi (bismuth)-based colorimetric sensor was developed for the detection of toxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas. Using a simple laboratory setup to generate the H2S in a total volume of 1.35 L (liters), the sensor was able to qualitatively detect the analyte down to 30 ppb (parts per billion), indicating its ability to be used in industrial settings and manufactured into an inexpensive product for the determination of bad breath.
Author: Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128169354 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 424
Book Description
Modern Environmental Analysis Techniques for Pollutants presents established environmental analysis methods, rapidly emerging technologies, and potential future research directions. As methods of environmental analysis move toward lower impact, lower cost, miniaturization, automation, and simplicity, new methods emerge and ultimately improve the accuracy of their analytical results. This book gives in-depth, step-by-step descriptions of a variety of techniques, including methods used in sampling, field sample handling, sample preparation, quantification, and statistical evaluation. Modern Environmental Analysis Techniques for Pollutants aims to deliver a comprehensive and easy-to-read text for students and researchers in the environmental analysis arena and to provide essential information to consultants and regulators about analytical and quality control procedures helpful in their evaluation and decision-making procedures. Bridges the gap in current literature on analytical chemistry techniques and their application to environmental analysis Covers the use of nanomaterials in environmental analysis, as well as the monitoring and analysis of nanomaterials in the environment Looks to the past, present and future of environmental analysis, with chapters on historical background, established and emerging techniques and instrumentation, and predictions
Author: Yuanyuan Yang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chemistry, Analytic Languages : en Pages : 139
Book Description
Detection of trace metals has great importance in environmental and biological applications. While traditional electrochemical techniques have played critical roles in this field, their usefulness is limited by temporal resolution, Hg toxicity and stability concerns. Recently, we developed a method using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFMs) to achieve rapid measurement of metal ions with high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. Through optimizations this method showed strengths in real-time trace metal analysis. Analytical selectivity was improved via covalent functionalization on CFMs. We employed diazonium electrochemical reduction followed by click chemistry to create robust covalent attachments. We showcased its application through grafting Cu(II) ionophores onto CFMs. The selectivity was further reinforced via inhibition of other species' adsorption at surface oxygen groups. This stepwise functionalization approach served as a universal platform for elevating CFMs' selectivity, while retaining sensitivity, response, stability, and lifetime. In parallel work, pyrolyzed photoresist film (PPF) microelectrode arrays (MEAs) were fabricated to extend the borderlines of FSCV towards simultaneous multi-analyte analysis. The PPF MEAs maintained CFM's carbon-fiber structures but provided more sensing channels. We employed a two-step pyrolysis process and a dual oxygen plasma treatment to improve fabrication repeatability, surface reactivity, and spatial geometry. Our technique has evident potential to achieve real-time simultaneous detection of various electroactive molecules and be employed for numerous applications in complex biological and environmental systems.
Author: David T. Pierce Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527632077 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 584
Book Description
Presenting a wide variety of methods, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state -- ranging from bioanalysis to electrochemical sensing, forensics and chemistry, while also covering the toxicity aspects of nanomaterials to humans and the environment. Edited by rising stars in the field, the first section on biological analysis includes an investigation of nanoparticles and micro- and nanofluidic systems, while the second, environmental analysis, looks at the detection, monitoring, and sensing of explosives as well as pollutants, among other topics. The final part covers such advanced methods as the synthesis and characterization of gold nanorods. For analytical chemists, materials scientists, chemists working in trace analysis, and spectroscopists.
Author: Satish Kumar Tuteja Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9783030381035 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview on the most important types of nanosensor platforms explored and developed in the recent years for efficient detection of environmental/clinical analytes. The chapters cover basic aspects of functioning principles and describe the technologies and challenges of present and future pesticide, metal ions, toxic gases analytical sensing approaches and environmental sensors. Nanosensors are nanoscale miniature devices used for sensing of analyte in ultra-low range. These have gained considerable interest in environmental applications such as environmental chemistry and functionalization approaches, environmental engineering, sustainability, green technology for sensing, environmental health monitoring, pesticide detection, metal and ions detection using electrochemical and wireless sensor.
Author: D. Pooja Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 981150671X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 319
Book Description
This book discusses the sensitivity, selectivity, and response times of different sensor materials and their potential application in the design of portable sensor systems for monitoring water pollutants and remediation systems. Beginning with an overview on water pollutants and analytical methods for their detection, the book then moves on to describing the advances in sensor materials research, and the scope for their use in different types of sensors. The book lays emphasis on techniques such as colorimetric, fluorescence, electrochemical, and biological sensing of conventional and emerging pollutants. This book will serve as a handy guide for students, researchers, and professional engineers working in the field of sensor systems for monitoring water pollutants to address various challenges.
Author: Justyna Płotka-Wasylka Publisher: Springer ISBN: 981139105X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 449
Book Description
The book explains the principles and fundamentals of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) and highlights the current developments and future potential of the analytical green chemistry-oriented applications of various solutions. The book consists of sixteen chapters, including the history and milestones of GAC; issues related to teaching of green analytical chemistry and greening the university laboratories; evaluation of impact of analytical activities on the environmental and human health, direct techniques of detection, identification and determination of trace constituents; new achievements in the field of extraction of trace analytes from samples characterized by complex composition of the matrix; “green” nature of the derivatization process in analytical chemistry; passive techniques of sampling of analytes; green sorption materials used in analytical procedures; new types of solvents in the field of analytical chemistry. In addition green chromatography and related techniques, fast tests for assessment of the wide spectrum of pollutants in the different types of the medium, remote monitoring of environmental pollutants, qualitative and comparative evaluation, quantitative assessment, and future trends and perspectives are discussed. This book appeals to a wide readership of the academic and industrial researchers. In addition, it can be used in the classroom for undergraduate and graduate Ph.D. students focusing on elaboration of new analytical procedures for organic and inorganic compounds determination in different kinds of samples characterized by complex matrices composition.Jacek Namieśnik was a Professor at the Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland. Justyna Płotka-Wasylka is a teacher and researcher at the same department.
Author: Pierre Fabry Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 111860010X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 266
Book Description
This book reviews the state of art in the field of chemical sensors for analyses of ionic or molecular species dissolved in liquid media, mainly in aqueous solutions. The transduction of such devices is based on chemical, biological and physical phenomena. The fundamental phenomena involved in these sensors are described in the different chapters by specialists having a good expertise in the field. Numerous recent bibliographic references are given. Most of the devices could be miniaturised using modern technologies allowing a fabrication on a large scale, for a mass production at low cost. Moreover, such devices could open the field of applications in a near future (environmental, biomedical, food industries, domotic and automotive applications etc.).
Author: Samuel Mason Rosolina
Author: Samuel Mason Rosolina
Author: Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Author: Yuanyuan Yang
Author: David T. Pierce
Author: Satish Kumar Tuteja
Author: John R. Dean
Author: D. Pooja
Author: Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
Author: Pierre Fabry
Author: Ligia Maria Moretto