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Author: Benjamin Throesch Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 145
Book Description
The brain is a complex organ that contains hundreds of diverse cellular subtypes which organize into unique regions and build intricate neural circuits. Neurons all transition through developmental stages where they must specify into cellular subtypes, migrate to appropriate brain regions, and extend axons to innervate postsynaptic targets as well as elaborate dendritic trees to receive incoming information. These stages are shaped by a balance of intracellular transcriptional programs and extracellular signals such as guidance molecules, adhesion proteins, and neuronal activity. While an extensive list of factors contributing to these processes has been catalogued, the details remain unclear on how they converge within a cell to direct its development. Therefore, we developed novel genetic systems to decipher the rules that shape neuronal development and circuit formation. In one set of studies, we selectively blocked synaptic activity from a subset of neurons within the rodent olfactory bulb to investigate their role in shaping olfactory circuit development. We observed a dramatic impact on the maturation of newborn inhibitory neurons which could not be completely rescued by inhibiting cell death. By assessing the transcriptome of these developmentally-stalled neurons, we identified gene networks that regulate the maturation and integration of neurons into established circuits. For the second set of experiments, we injected rat stem cells into mouse blastocysts to generate rat-mouse brain chimeras and determine whether rat neurons are flexible to develop into, and contribute to foreign neural circuits. In brain-complemented chimeras, we observed diverse rat neuronal subtypes that adopt their host's developmental timeline and functionally integrate into the mouse brain. Furthermore, we identified species-specific barriers to rat complementation when these neurons are challenged to reconstitute degenerated mouse circuits. Together, these studies provide insights into the mechanisms governing neuronal integration into foreign and compromised neural circuits, which will inform efforts in regenerative medicine.
Author: Benjamin Throesch Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 145
Book Description
The brain is a complex organ that contains hundreds of diverse cellular subtypes which organize into unique regions and build intricate neural circuits. Neurons all transition through developmental stages where they must specify into cellular subtypes, migrate to appropriate brain regions, and extend axons to innervate postsynaptic targets as well as elaborate dendritic trees to receive incoming information. These stages are shaped by a balance of intracellular transcriptional programs and extracellular signals such as guidance molecules, adhesion proteins, and neuronal activity. While an extensive list of factors contributing to these processes has been catalogued, the details remain unclear on how they converge within a cell to direct its development. Therefore, we developed novel genetic systems to decipher the rules that shape neuronal development and circuit formation. In one set of studies, we selectively blocked synaptic activity from a subset of neurons within the rodent olfactory bulb to investigate their role in shaping olfactory circuit development. We observed a dramatic impact on the maturation of newborn inhibitory neurons which could not be completely rescued by inhibiting cell death. By assessing the transcriptome of these developmentally-stalled neurons, we identified gene networks that regulate the maturation and integration of neurons into established circuits. For the second set of experiments, we injected rat stem cells into mouse blastocysts to generate rat-mouse brain chimeras and determine whether rat neurons are flexible to develop into, and contribute to foreign neural circuits. In brain-complemented chimeras, we observed diverse rat neuronal subtypes that adopt their host's developmental timeline and functionally integrate into the mouse brain. Furthermore, we identified species-specific barriers to rat complementation when these neurons are challenged to reconstitute degenerated mouse circuits. Together, these studies provide insights into the mechanisms governing neuronal integration into foreign and compromised neural circuits, which will inform efforts in regenerative medicine.
Author: Jeffrey Noebels Publisher: OUP USA ISBN: 0199746540 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 1258
Book Description
Jasper's Basic Mechanisms, Fourth Edition, is the newest most ambitious and now clinically relevant publishing project to build on the four-decade legacy of the Jasper's series. In keeping with the original goal of searching for "a better understanding of the epilepsies and rational methods of prevention and treatment.", the book represents an encyclopedic compendium neurobiological mechanisms of seizures, epileptogenesis, epilepsy genetics and comordid conditions. Of practical importance to the clinician, and new to this edition are disease mechanisms of genetic epilepsies and therapeutic approaches, ranging from novel antiepileptic drug targets to cell and gene therapies.
Author: Rafael Yuste Publisher: CSHL Press ISBN: 0879696923 Category : Medical Languages : es Pages : 813
Book Description
As imaging studies have continued to expand in scope and sophistication, this new edition of the highly successful and well–received Imaging Neurons: A Laboratory Manualhas expanded to include development, with over twenty new chapters on such topics as MRI microscopy, imaging early developmental events, and labeling single neurons. Chapters on FRET, FCS/ICS, FRAP, hyperresolution microscopy, single molecule imaging, imaging with quantum dots, and imaging gene expression are included. With over forty full chapters, the manual also includes over forty sections of protocols for imaging techniques.
Author: National Academy of Sciences Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309045290 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 195
Book Description
The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
Author: Federico Bermudez-Rattoni Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420008412 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 368
Book Description
A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq
Author: Shafiqur Rahman Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128038683 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 279
Book Description
This volume of Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science focuses on the molecular basis of drug addiction. - Contains contributions from leading authorities - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Author: Menno P. Witter Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 9780198509172 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 347
Book Description
The recent dramatic advances in imaging technologies have enabled researchers to build on the evidence obtained from lesion and behavioural studies to propose a new range of functions for the parahippocampal region. It is now possible to image the region in healthy human subjects and todefine the pathological changes occurring during the early phases of a range of neurologic and psychiatric conditions.The results have uncovered evidence suggesting that the region plays an important role in the higher cognitive processes of learning and memory, and in specific brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and epilepsy, as well as in the aging process itself.The Parahippocampal Region: Organization and Role in Cognitive Functions examines the architecture and activity of this section of the temporal lobe, describes the systems active in memory, perception and behaviour, and outlines the significance of its involvement in the progress of a range ofdisease states. It provides an overview of our current basic and clinical knowledge and a baseline for further expansion of the functional understanding of the region.With contributions from an international team of authors this book will be of interest to neuroscientists, researchers and practitioners from the fields of neuropsychology, neurology and psychiatry, as well as to students from these disciplines.
Author: Kevin J. Mitchell Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691204152 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 305
Book Description
"What makes you the way you are--and what makes each of us different from everyone else? In Innate, leading neuroscientist and popular science blogger Kevin Mitchell traces human diversity and individual differences to their deepest level: in the wiring of our brains. Deftly guiding us through important new research, including his own groundbreaking work, he explains how variations in the way our brains develop before birth strongly influence our psychology and behavior throughout our lives, shaping our personality, intelligence, sexuality, and even the way we perceive the world. We all share a genetic program for making a human brain, and the program for making a brain like yours is specifically encoded in your DNA. But, as Mitchell explains, the way that program plays out is affected by random processes of development that manifest uniquely in each person, even identical twins. The key insight of Innate is that the combination of these developmental and genetic variations creates innate differences in how our brains are wired--differences that impact all aspects of our psychology--and this insight promises to transform the way we see the interplay of nature and nurture. Innate also explores the genetic and neural underpinnings of disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and epilepsy, and how our understanding of these conditions is being revolutionized. In addition, the book examines the social and ethical implications of these ideas and of new technologies that may soon offer the means to predict or manipulate human traits. Compelling and original, Innate will change the way you think about why and how we are who we are."--Provided by the publisher.
Author: Fred W. Leeuwen Publisher: Elsevier Publishing Company ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 456
Book Description
For a thorough study of the dynamics of particular brain compounds it is now possible to use and combine various molecular neuroanatomical methods (e.g. in situ hybridization, receptor localisation and immunocytochemistry) in a quantitative way on whole brain sections maintaining morphological details. Molecular Neuroanatomy deals with the many practical aspects and recent developments in these areas. The theoretical background of many techniques is presented, as well as clear, step-by-step instructions on the preparation and application of all the methods and techniques described in this book. It will be invaluable to all those working in the field of neuroscience. Available in both hardback and paperback, with colour illustrations.
Author: Benjamin Throesch
Author: Benjamin Throesch
Author: Jeffrey Noebels
Author: 
Author: Rafael Yuste
Author: National Academy of Sciences
Author: Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
Author: Shafiqur Rahman
Author: Menno P. Witter
Author: Kevin J. Mitchell
Author: Fred W. Leeuwen