Novel Carbohydrate-Dependent Biological Properties of Human Health Related Lectins and Glycoconjugates PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Abstract : Lectins are carbohydrate or glycan binding proteins produced by every living species. Binding of lectins to glycan epitopes of glycoproteins is essential for initiating a variety of biological functions. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an endogenous human lectin that plays important roles in cell proliferation, adhesion, differentiation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. This dissertation describes two new binding properties of Gal-3 that are physiologically relevant. The new interaction of Gal-3 described herein significantly extends its biological function. Biological interactions of Gal-3 are known to occur when it binds to glycoproteins. However, we found that Gal-3 also binds to another class of glycoconjugates, namely, proteoglycans and their constituent glycosaminoglycans. Calorimetric data show that Gal-3 binds with glycosaminoglycans (heparin and chondroitin sulfate) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSGPs). Spectroscopic data reveal that Gal-3 cross-links with chondroitin sulfate A and C as well as a CSGP and forms insoluble complexes. Such cross-linking of Gal-3 by glycosaminoglycans is potentially important for many biological processes including cell-signaling. We also discovered that Gal-3, produced by malignant thyroid gland, interacts with a thyroid cancer biomarker, thyroglobulin (Tg) with nanomolar affinity. This interaction can interfere with the clinical detection of thyroid cancer and can also impact thyroid hormone production and immune response. To produce sufficient Gal-3 for these studies, a new purification protocol named 'Capture and Release' (CARE) was developed. This protocol is cost-effective, faster and was found to be efficient enough to purify other lectins besides Gal-3. The function of lectins including Gal-3, depends on the interaction with their binding partners (glycoconjugates). Glycoconjugate is a common name of any macromolecule that contains glycans linked to a protein or lipid core (scaffold). The outcome of lectin-glycoconjugate interactions is believed to depend solely on the structures of the lectin and the glycan epitopes. However, we discovered that the scaffold part plays a vital role in the binding process. This dissertation thus describes a novel molecular mechanism associated with glycoconjugate functions and new physiologically-relevant recognition properties of an important human lectin (Gal-3).
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Abstract : Lectins are carbohydrate or glycan binding proteins produced by every living species. Binding of lectins to glycan epitopes of glycoproteins is essential for initiating a variety of biological functions. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an endogenous human lectin that plays important roles in cell proliferation, adhesion, differentiation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. This dissertation describes two new binding properties of Gal-3 that are physiologically relevant. The new interaction of Gal-3 described herein significantly extends its biological function. Biological interactions of Gal-3 are known to occur when it binds to glycoproteins. However, we found that Gal-3 also binds to another class of glycoconjugates, namely, proteoglycans and their constituent glycosaminoglycans. Calorimetric data show that Gal-3 binds with glycosaminoglycans (heparin and chondroitin sulfate) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSGPs). Spectroscopic data reveal that Gal-3 cross-links with chondroitin sulfate A and C as well as a CSGP and forms insoluble complexes. Such cross-linking of Gal-3 by glycosaminoglycans is potentially important for many biological processes including cell-signaling. We also discovered that Gal-3, produced by malignant thyroid gland, interacts with a thyroid cancer biomarker, thyroglobulin (Tg) with nanomolar affinity. This interaction can interfere with the clinical detection of thyroid cancer and can also impact thyroid hormone production and immune response. To produce sufficient Gal-3 for these studies, a new purification protocol named 'Capture and Release' (CARE) was developed. This protocol is cost-effective, faster and was found to be efficient enough to purify other lectins besides Gal-3. The function of lectins including Gal-3, depends on the interaction with their binding partners (glycoconjugates). Glycoconjugate is a common name of any macromolecule that contains glycans linked to a protein or lipid core (scaffold). The outcome of lectin-glycoconjugate interactions is believed to depend solely on the structures of the lectin and the glycan epitopes. However, we discovered that the scaffold part plays a vital role in the binding process. This dissertation thus describes a novel molecular mechanism associated with glycoconjugate functions and new physiologically-relevant recognition properties of an important human lectin (Gal-3).
Author: A. Pusztai Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 0521328241 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 276
Book Description
This volume surveys the chemistry, biochemistry, biosynthesis, metabolism and pharmacological properties of lectins. Lectins, which are most commonly found in plants, are widespread natural products with striking biological activities. Their specific ability to recognise and bind to simple or complex saccharides facilitates their role as effective information protein molecules. As agents of cell-to-cell recognition, lectins promote symbiosis between plants and specific nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria. As natural defensive molecules, they can protect plants against predators such as bacteria, fungi and insects. As part of our diet, lectins are powerful exogenous growth factors in the small intestine and influence our health, the digestive function and the bacterial ecology of the alimentary tract. Lectins are also important research tools in preparative biochemistry and cell science.
Author: Ajit Varki Publisher: CSHL Press ISBN: 9780879696818 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 694
Book Description
Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. "Essentials of Glycobiology" describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans.
Author: Evandro Fei Fang Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9789401785297 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The modern unhealthy diet and lifestyle in conjunction with pathogens, environmental carcinogens and multiple other risk factors increase humans’ susceptibility to different diseases exemplified by elevated levels of cancers, cardiovascular and communicable diseases. Screening of potential drugs from medicinal plants and animals provides a promising strategy for the alleviation of the impact of these diseases. Components with potential medicinal applications include RIPs, RNases, lectins, protease inhibitors and numerous small compounds. These compounds have shown both preventive and therapeutic effects for humans. This book is a compilation of articles written by internationally renowned experts exploring the different uses of medicinal compounds in human therapeutics. Here we provide a comprehensive outlook on both qualitative and quantitative studies focusing on medicinal plants and animals, and establishing a link between laboratory research discovery and clinical applications.
Author: Binghe Wang Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470592079 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 448
Book Description
This book contains contributions from interdisciplinary scientists to collectively address the issue of targeting carbohydrate recognition for the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic agents. The book covers (1) biological problems involving carbohydrate recognition, (2) structural factors mediating carbohydrate recognition, (3) design and synthesis of lectin mimics that recognize carbohydrate ligands with high specificity and affinity, and (4) modulation of biological and pathological processes through carbohydrate recognition.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309260868 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 171
Book Description
A new focus on glycoscience, a field that explores the structures and functions of sugars, promises great advances in areas as diverse as medicine, energy generation, and materials science, this report finds. Glycans-also known as carbohydrates, saccharides, or simply as sugars-play central roles in many biological processes and have properties useful in an array of applications. However, glycans have received little attention from the research community due to a lack of tools to probe their often complex structures and properties. Transforming Glycoscience: A Roadmap for the Future presents a roadmap for transforming glycoscience from a field dominated by specialists to a widely studied and integrated discipline, which could lead to a more complete understanding of glycans and help solve key challenges in diverse fields.
Author: Els. J. M. Van Damme Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9780471964452 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 478
Book Description
Plant lectins are extensively used as tools and as bioactiveproteins in different areas of biomedical and biological research.The Handbook of Plant Lectins provides a comprehensive yet conciseoverview of the biochemical properties, carbohydrate-bindingspecificity, biological activities and applications of most of thecurrently known plant lectins. This handbook consists of two majorsections: an introductory guide and a quick reference dictionary.Part I acquaints the newcomer to the lectin field with theessential information on lectins and their importance tobiomedicine: * what are lectins? * their carbohydrate-binding specificity * effects on nutrition and immunology * use in histochemistry * application as therapeutic agents Part II lists approximately 200 lectin entries in alphabeticalorder. Each entry deals with the lectin(s) of a particular plantand provides, (where known), details of: * isolation and characterisation; * sugar binding specificity; * biological activities; * applications; * commercial availability; and, * a bibliography. Useful summary tables list lectins according to their specificity,thereby allowing the user to choose the best lectin for theirapplication. A list of suppliers is also provided. Handbook ofPlant Lectins will be of interest to biologists and biomedicalresearchers studying cell biology, cancer research, nutrition,immunology, pathology and physiology.
Author: Irvin Liener Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323144446 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 619
Book Description
The Lectins: Properties, Functions, and Applications in Biology and Medicine is a 10-chapter text that deals with the advances in research studies on the properties, functions, and applications of lectins in biology and medicine. The first two chapters consider the historical development, physicochemical properties, isolation, and remarkable specificity toward sugars of lectins. These topics are followed by a discussion on the molecular aspects of protein evolution, with a particular emphasis on lectins, which provide an excellent example of a family of homologous proteins. The following chapters explore the diverse biological activities of lectins and how these properties are utilized for the isolation and characterization of carbohydrate-containing compounds in solution and on cells. A chapter focuses on the functions of lectins in their natural milieu. This text further covers the importance of lectins in nonplant systems as exemplified by lectins that occur in vertebrates, slime molds, and bacteria. The last chapter highlights the nutritional significance of the occurrence of lectins in plant foods such as legumes. This book is an ideal source for organic chemists, protein researchers, and workers in the fields of biology and medicine.
Author: Nathan Sharon Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401148465 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 134
Book Description
A characteristic property of most, or perhaps all, proteins is their ability to combine specifically and reversibly with various substances. Well known examples are enzymes that bind substrates and inhibitors, and antibodies that bind antigens. This book deals with lectins, a class of proteins that bind carbohydrates. Another characteristic property of lectins is that they agglutinate cells or precipitate polysaccharides and glycoproteins. This is because lectins are polyvalent, i.e. each lectin molecule has at least two carbohydrate binding sites to allow crosslinking between cells (by combining with sugars on their surfaces) or between sugar containing macromolecules. The agglutinating and precipitating activities of lectins are very similar to those of antibodies. They can likewise be specifically inhibited by low molecular weight compounds (haptens), which in the case of lectins are sugars or sugar containing compounds (Fig. 1.1). Not surprisingly, therefore, many of the methods used in lectin research are based on immunochemical techniques. Nevertheless, lectins are different from antibodies in several important aspects. Many lectins are found in plants, microorganisms and viruses, which do not synthesize immunoglobulins. In fact, they are found in almost all living organisms (Table 1.1) and are not confined to specific organs or tissues. Another marked difference between the two classes of compound is that antibodies are structurally similar, whereas lectins are structurally diverse. In general, lectins are oligomeric proteins composed of subunits, usually with one sugar binding site per subunit.
Author: Howard J. Allen Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780824784317 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 704
Book Description
Glycoconjugates Composition: Structure, and Function provides an excellent overview of the composition, biosynthesis, function and structure of the carbohydrate chains of glycoconjugates from higher organisms. It is recommended as a core reference text, providing excellent coverage of the glycoconjugate field.
Author: 
Author: 
Author: A. Pusztai
Author: Ajit Varki
Author: Evandro Fei Fang
Author: Binghe Wang
Author: National Research Council
Author: Els. J. M. Van Damme
Author: Irvin Liener
Author: Nathan Sharon
Author: Howard J. Allen