Novel Biomarkers for Visceral and Liver Fat PDF Download

Author: Defne Altan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 76

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Author: Sandra J. Page
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biochemical markers
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Obesity is on the rise in populations across the world, and represents a major health concern. It is a component of Metabolic Syndrome, a collection of risk factors that predispose to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Metabolic Syndrome is often accompanied by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a spectrum of liver disease ranging from simple steatosis, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis. Currently, the gold standard for NASH and liver fibrosis diagnostics is liver biopsy; thus, a non-invasive procedure for detecting and staging NAFLD is greatly needed. The research presented herein involves evaluating various kinds of soluble biomarkers and the development of a novel, serum-based biomarker panel for NASH and NASH-related fibrosis. The biomarker panel comprises proteins that reflect the disease process of NASH and NASH-related fibrosis, including hormones derived from adipose tissue (adipokines) and proteins involved in fibrogenesis and cell death. While the sample size in this study was small at 79 patients, it is anticipated that subsequent testing of the panel on larger populations of NAFLD patients will ultimately support its use in clinical settings. A second study was conducted with the goal of discovering novel, as-of-yet untested biomarkers of NASH and NASH-related fibrosis that may be tied to the deregulation of cell signaling pathways in adipose tissue. A previous study used a phosphoproteomic approach to discover that several kinase-driven pathways were deregulated in the adipose tissue of patients with NASH and NASH-related fibrosis; enrichment analysis showed that these pathways were linked to the regulation of cell functions by insulin, as well as signal transduction by AKT and PIP3. Subsequent pathway analyses were then conducted to identify a set of secreted, soluble proteins associated with these pathways. From this set two promising candidates were selected based on extensive literature searches; these were the chemokine CCL-2/MCP-1, and soluble Fas ligand. These candidates were then tested on a small cohort of patients with NASH and NASH-related fibrosis to determine if they had the potential to be diagnostically predictive, and it was discovered that both worked reasonably well as biomarkers of fibrosis. Consequently, these molecules may be released at abnormal levels by adipose tissue in patients with NAFLD and may in turn play a role in fibrogenesis associated with NASH; they would therefore be good candidates to test in future development of biomarker panels for NASH-related fibrosis. A third study was undertaken to evaluate the association between levels of various soluble molecules and fatigue in patients with NAFLD or hepatitis C. Specifically, I correlated self-reported assessments of fatigue dissecting this condition into fatigue associated with physical activity (peripheral fatigue) or more global lack of energy and motivation (central fatigue) with measures of inflammation, or with abnormalities of glucose and lipid metabolism. The study demonstrated that a substantial majority of patients with chronic liver disease report significant peripheral fatigue. This type of fatigue was linked to elevated serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8, linking it to an inflammatory component, which is not the case for central fatigue.

Author: Hildo J. Lamb
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128230126
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 424

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While the health consequences and mechanisms by which visceral fat causes disease are well-studied, relatively less is known about ectopic fat, its patterns of deposition and its effects on the pathoetiology of type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Visceral and Ectopic Fat: Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease covers the wealth of literature that has been amassed over the past decade on this topic. This reference brings all the research and clinical data together in one volume and helps clinicians and academic researchers understand more thoroughly the underlying mechanisms and interrelation between fat depots and ectopic fat stores in relation to health and disease. It showcases some of the recent developments in adipose tissue biology, particularly on the impact of interventional strategies - bariatric surgery, liposuction, physical and dietary intervention - of which information is desired among health specialists and policy makers. Brings together up-to-date research on imaging, genetics, and risk factors for chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and fatty liver disease Takes a deep dive into the current state of knowledge regarding fat stores, ectopic fat, regulation of fat stores, clinical implications, interventions, and imagining techniques Provides up-to-date information specifically focused on visceral and ectopic fat. In addition, both pathophysiological and preventive and treatment aspects of the problem will be considered Covers a broad range of organs - different fat stores such as skeletal muscle, bone marrow, liver and kidney Discusses potential interventions to reduce abdominal fat

Author: Yuli Huang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832519040
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 168

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Author: Gianluca Iacobellis
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030405702
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 191

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This book is the first authoritative and comprehensive volume dedicated to epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). It provides an up-to-date and highly illustrated synopsis of the anatomical, biomolecular, genetic, imaging features, and clinical applications of EAT and its role in cardiovascular disease. It relays to the reader a contemporary view of the emerging interplay between the heart and adiposity-related diseases. In addition, this volume discusses the clinical implications and therapeutic targets of EAT in atrial fibrillation, heart failure and coronary artery disease. Comprehensive yet focused, Epicardial Adipose Tissue: From Cell to Clinic is an essential resource for physicians, residents, fellows, and medical students in cardiology, endocrinology, primary care, and health promotion and disease prevention.

Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309091594
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 469

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The U.S. military's concerns about the individual combat service member's ability to avoid performance degradation, in conjunction with the need to maintain both mental and physical capabilities in highly stressful situations, have led to and interest in developing methods by which commanders can monitor the status of the combat service members in the field. This report examines appropriate biological markers, monitoring technologies currently available and in need of development, and appropriate algorithms to interpret the data obtained in order to provide information for command decisions relative to the physiological "readiness" of each combat service member. More specifically, this report also provides responses to questions posed by the military relative to monitoring the metabolic regulation during prolonged, exhaustive efforts, where nutrition/hydration and repair mechanisms may be mismatched to intakes and rest, or where specific metabolic derangements are present.

Author: Ronald Ross Watson
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0124079342
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 559

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Book Description
Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity focuses on the important roles that exercise, dietary changes, and foods play in promoting as well as reducing visceral fat. Nutritionists, dieticians, and healthcare providers seeking to address the abdominal obesity epidemic will use this comprehensive resource as a tool in their long-term goal of preventing chronic diseases, especially heart, vascular, and diabetic diseases. Experts from a broad range of disciplines are involved in dealing with the consequences of excessive abdominal fat: cardiology, diabetes research, studies of lipids, endocrinology and metabolism, nutrition, obesity, and exercise physiology. They have contributed chapters that define a range of dietary approaches to reducing risk and associated chronic diseases. They begin by defining visceral obesity and its major outcomes; they also discuss the importance and the challenges of dietary approaches to reduce abdominal obesity, as compared to clinical approaches, with major costs and risks. Offers detailed, well-documented reviews outlining the various dietary approaches to visceral obesity with their benefits and failures Includes chapters on types of foods, exercise, and supplements in reducing obesity and its chronic clinical companions, especially diabetes and cardiovascular disease Helps nutritionists, dieticians, and healthcare providers approach patients in making decision about nutritional therapies and clinical treatments for abdominal obesity, from an evidence-based perspective

Author: Mu Wang
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535125052
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 262

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The use of biomarkers in basic and clinical research has become routine in many areas of medicine. They are accepted as molecular signatures that have been well characterized and repeatedly shown to be capable of predicting relevant disease states or clinical outcomes. In Role of Biomarkers in Medicine, expert researchers in their individual field have reviewed many biomarkers or potential biomarkers in various types of diseases. The topics address numerous aspects of medicine, demonstrating the current conceptual status of biomarkers as clinical tools and as surrogate endpoints in clinical research. This book highlights the current state of biomarkers and will aid scientists and clinicians to develop better and more specific biomarkers for disease management.

Author: Pablo Muriel
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128043210
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 917

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Liver Pathophysiology: Therapies and Antioxidants is a complete volume on morphology, physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology and treatment of liver diseases. It uses an integral approach towards the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of hepatic injury, and how their deleterious effects may be abrogated by the use of antioxidants. Written by the most prominent authors in the field, this book will be of use to basic and clinical scientists and clinicians working in the biological sciences, especially those dedicated to the study and treatment of liver pathologies. Presents the most recent advances in hepatology, with a special focus on the role of oxidative stress in liver injury. Provides in vivo and in vitro models to study human liver pathology. Explains the beneficial effects of antioxidants on liver diseases. Contains the most recent and modern treatments of hepatic pathologies, including, but not limited to, stem cells repopulation, gene therapy and liver transplantation.

Author: Etsuko Hashimoto
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789811368073
Category : Liver
Languages : en
Pages :

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This book guides practitioners in the assessment of patients with a liver problem. The emphasis is on the role of macro- and microscopic pathology in elucidating pathogenesis as well as identifying confounding features of image findings that may lead to a more elaborate differential diagnosis. If appropriate, the role of light and electron microscopic examination, along with the role of specific stains and molecular techniques, is illustrated. In addition, the concept of each liver disease is summarized briefly and its up-to-data is provided, and unresolved problems in diagnosis, treatment, and pathogenesis are clearly described. The approach in this book is a practical one with a focus on the evaluation of illustrative cases, simultaneously demonstrating cross-sectional images (ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography), pathological findings, and peritoneoscopic images. The diagnosis and therapy are summed up in helpful tables, and association of clinical manifestations with image analysis and pathological findings is shown to be important in differential diagnosis and treatment. With the authors comprising internationally renowned experts, this book will serve as a useful source of information for medical students, physicians, internists, hepatologists, gastroenterologists, radiologists, and pathologists worldwide.