Northeastern Nigeria: Preventing relapse of acute malnutrition PDF Download

Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. [Author] [Author]
ISBN: 9251390282
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 42

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Book Description
The protracted crisis in northeastern Nigeria has resulted in persistently high levels of acute malnutrition, with 1.5 million children under five years of age and over 200 000 pregnant and breastfeeding women acutely malnourished. Despite there being effective treatments to address acute malnutrition in children, several reports show worrying rates of relapse, after being discharged from outpatient treatment programmes (OTPs). The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) promotes the production and distribution of locally produced supplementary food (LPSF) called Tom Brown to prevent relapse of acute malnutrition in children under the age of five in the region. To assess the effectiveness of FAO’s LPSF intervention, the Organization carried out a study, the results of which indicate that the regular consumption of Tom Brown has significantly reduced the risk of relapse of global acute malnutrition (GAM) by 35 percent, with a more pronounced effect in boys under the age of five and all children under two years of age. Findings suggest that while LPSF approaches can play a crucial role in mitigating relapse of acute malnutrition, they must be integrated with broader efforts to address the root causes of acute malnutrition for improved and sustained effectiveness.

Author:
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251390940
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 148

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Book Description

Author: King K. Holmes
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464805253
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1027

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Book Description
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Author: Robert Black
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464803684
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 419

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Book Description
The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.

Author: Mark Walderhaug
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781495203619
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 292

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Book Description
The Bad Bug Book 2nd Edition, released in 2012, provides current information about the major known agents that cause foodborne illness.Each chapter in this book is about a pathogen—a bacterium, virus, or parasite—or a natural toxin that can contaminate food and cause illness. The book contains scientific and technical information about the major pathogens that cause these kinds of illnesses.A separate “consumer box” in each chapter provides non-technical information, in everyday language. The boxes describe plainly what can make you sick and, more important, how to prevent it.The information provided in this handbook is abbreviated and general in nature, and is intended for practical use. It is not intended to be a comprehensive scientific or clinical reference.The Bad Bug Book is published by the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Author: American Academy of Pediatrics
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781581102475
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 440

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Book Description
Based on key content from Red Book: 2006 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 27th Edition, the new Red Bookr Atlas is a useful quick reference tool for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of more than 75 of the most commonly seen pediatric infectious diseases. Includes more than 500 full-color images adjacent to concise diagnostic and treatment guidelines. Essential information on each condition is presented in the precise sequence needed in the clinical setting: Clinical manifestations, Etiology, Epidemiology, Incubation period, Diagnostic tests, Treatment

Author: World Health Organization
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789241563260
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24

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Book Description
Safe water and adequate sanitation are basic to the health of every person on the planet yet many people throughout the world do not have access to these fundamental needs. An important step towards resolving this global crisis is to understand its magnitude: how many people lack access to drinking water and sanitation? To help answer this question household surveys and censuses are conducted every year throughout the world to assess drinking water sanitation and hygiene-related practices at the household level. Because of variations in survey tools attempts to compare the results of one survey with those of another have been fraught with diffi culties. Solving survey comparability problems is crucial if we are to establish accurate trends over time within a country and compare data between countries. For this reason the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation developed a set of harmonized survey questions that resolves the comparability problems of the past. Including the harmonized questions in national surveys and censuses will help countries gain more systematic information on the drinking water and sanitation needs of thei population. With popular use these harmonized questions will make data across international and national survey programmes more comparable which in turn will result in more accurate country regional and global estimates of unmet drinking water and sanitation needs. The core harmonized questions presented in this guide have been adopted by the Demographic and Health Surveys the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey and the World Health Survey. The purpose of this guide is to encourage even more widespread use of these harmonized questions because accurate information is a valuable tool that can be used to assess progress towards international and national goals and targets. It also allows decision-makers and stakeholders to make evidence-based choices and direct efforts to where they are needed as well as promotes increased investment in the sector.

Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309214351
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 894

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Book Description
In 1900, for every 1,000 babies born in the United States, 100 would die before their first birthday, often due to infectious diseases. Today, vaccines exist for many viral and bacterial diseases. The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, passed in 1986, was intended to bolster vaccine research and development through the federal coordination of vaccine initiatives and to provide relief to vaccine manufacturers facing financial burdens. The legislation also intended to address concerns about the safety of vaccines by instituting a compensation program, setting up a passive surveillance system for vaccine adverse events, and by providing information to consumers. A key component of the legislation required the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to collaborate with the Institute of Medicine to assess concerns about the safety of vaccines and potential adverse events, especially in children. Adverse Effects of Vaccines reviews the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence regarding adverse health events associated with specific vaccines covered by the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP), including the varicella zoster vaccine, influenza vaccines, the hepatitis B vaccine, and the human papillomavirus vaccine, among others. For each possible adverse event, the report reviews peer-reviewed primary studies, summarizes their findings, and evaluates the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence. It finds that while no vaccine is 100 percent safe, very few adverse events are shown to be caused by vaccines. In addition, the evidence shows that vaccines do not cause several conditions. For example, the MMR vaccine is not associated with autism or childhood diabetes. Also, the DTaP vaccine is not associated with diabetes and the influenza vaccine given as a shot does not exacerbate asthma. Adverse Effects of Vaccines will be of special interest to the National Vaccine Program Office, the VICP, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vaccine safety researchers and manufacturers, parents, caregivers, and health professionals in the private and public sectors.

Author: World Health Organization
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789241545112
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 60

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Book Description
This manual provides expert practical guidelines for the management of severely malnourished children. Addressed to doctors and other senior health workers, the manual explains exactly what must be done to save lives, achieve successful management and rehabilitation, prevent relapse, and thus give these children the greatest chance of full recovery. Throughout, the importance of treating severe malnutrition as both a medical and a social disorder is repeatedly emphasized. As successful management does not require sophisticated facilities and equipment or highly qualified personnel, the manual also performs a persuasive function, encouraging health professionals to do all they can to save these children and meet their great need for care and affection. Recommended procedures draw on extensive practical experience as well as several recent therapeutic advances. These include improved solutions of oral rehydration salts for the treatment of dehydration, better understanding of the role of micronutrients in dietary management, and growing evidence that physical and psychological stimulation can help prevent long-term consequences of impaired growth and psychological development. Noting that the physiology of malnourished children is seriously abnormal, the manual gives particular attention to aspects of management - whether involving the interpretation of symptoms or the use of specific interventions - that differ considerably from standard procedures for well-nourished children. Details range from the reasons why IV infusion easily causes overhydration and heart failure, through a list of treatments that have no value and should never be used, to the simple reminder that underarm temperature is not a reliable guide to body temperature in a malnourished child during rewarming. Further practical guidance is provided in eight appendices, which use numerous tables, charts, sample recording forms, instructions for preparing feeds, and examples of easily constructed toys to help ensure that management is thorough, safe, and in line with the latest knowledge.

Author: David Townes
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107062683
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 509

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Book Description
A comprehensive, best practices resource for public health and healthcare practitioners and students interested in humanitarian emergencies.