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Author: Sau-Mei Teresa Leung Publisher: ISBN: 9781361326664 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This dissertation, "Nonylphenol- and Octylphenol-ethoxylates in Surfactant Products: Need Control or Not?: an Overview of Their Consumption, Environmental Fate and Risks and Public Awareness in Hong Kong as Compared to Overseas Countries" by Sau-mei, Teresa, Leung, 梁秀媚, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEO) and octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEO), both are alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO), a type of non-ionic surfactants commonly used in synthetic detergents for household and industrial cleaning purposes. These compounds and their degraded intermediates are xenoestrogens ubiquitously found in runoffs, sewage discharge and sludge. Not only that they persist in our surface waters and sediment, they are also found in the bodies of wildlife and human worldwide. Because of their high volume consumed and their nature as semi-persistent pollutants as well as endocrine disruptors, many developed countries have renounced their use on voluntary basis or through regulatory measure. Hong Kong is situated at the estuary of Pearl River Delta, which is one of the pollution hotspots. It is susceptible to its own water pollutants from municipal sewage ( 1,054 million m3/year) and also the discharge ( 3.0x109m3/ year) along the river from the industrialized and urbanized Mainland China cities. The local environment and human health are exposed to risks of these chemicals ascribed to rising consumption of detergents and their insufficient removal by sewage treatment, in addition to food intake in particular seafood. However, public awareness about APEO and endocrine disrupting chemicals is low due to no mandatory disclosure and control of these chemicals as well as the uncertainties about their chronic toxicity, based on the survey results of online questionnaires. Several recommendations have been made with reference to overseas regulatory measures and good practices to control and reduce the use of these chemicals. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5099119 Subjects: Surface active agents - Environmental aspects - China - Hong Kong
Author: Sau-Mei Teresa Leung Publisher: ISBN: 9781361326664 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This dissertation, "Nonylphenol- and Octylphenol-ethoxylates in Surfactant Products: Need Control or Not?: an Overview of Their Consumption, Environmental Fate and Risks and Public Awareness in Hong Kong as Compared to Overseas Countries" by Sau-mei, Teresa, Leung, 梁秀媚, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEO) and octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEO), both are alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO), a type of non-ionic surfactants commonly used in synthetic detergents for household and industrial cleaning purposes. These compounds and their degraded intermediates are xenoestrogens ubiquitously found in runoffs, sewage discharge and sludge. Not only that they persist in our surface waters and sediment, they are also found in the bodies of wildlife and human worldwide. Because of their high volume consumed and their nature as semi-persistent pollutants as well as endocrine disruptors, many developed countries have renounced their use on voluntary basis or through regulatory measure. Hong Kong is situated at the estuary of Pearl River Delta, which is one of the pollution hotspots. It is susceptible to its own water pollutants from municipal sewage ( 1,054 million m3/year) and also the discharge ( 3.0x109m3/ year) along the river from the industrialized and urbanized Mainland China cities. The local environment and human health are exposed to risks of these chemicals ascribed to rising consumption of detergents and their insufficient removal by sewage treatment, in addition to food intake in particular seafood. However, public awareness about APEO and endocrine disrupting chemicals is low due to no mandatory disclosure and control of these chemicals as well as the uncertainties about their chronic toxicity, based on the survey results of online questionnaires. Several recommendations have been made with reference to overseas regulatory measures and good practices to control and reduce the use of these chemicals. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5099119 Subjects: Surface active agents - Environmental aspects - China - Hong Kong
Author: Francisco G. Calvo-Flores Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527338764 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 528
Book Description
An excellent, concise, and interdisciplinary overview of different classes of emerging pollutants arising, for example, from pharmaceuticals, pesticides, personal care products, and industrial chemicals and their impact on water, soil, and air. Following an introduction to chemical pollutants, with special attention focused on organic compounds and their properties, the book goes on to describe major emerging pollutants grouped according to their applications in different sectors of industrial or economic activity. For each type of compound, the chemical structure, main properties, and source are presented, along with their fate in the environment as pollutants, the latest analytical methods for detection, possible health or ecology consequences, as well as current regulatory laws. New developments, such as nanotechnology as a pollution source, are also included. The book closes with a chapter devoted to conclusions and future perspectives.
Author: Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 9780128022290 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Advances in Molecular Toxicology features the latest advances in the subspecialties of the broad area of molecular toxicology. This series details the study of the molecular basis of toxicology by which a vast array of agents encountered in the human environment and produced by the human body manifest themselves as toxins. The book is not strictly limited to documenting these examples, but also covers the complex web of chemical and biological events that give rise to toxin-induced symptoms and disease. The new technologies that are being harnessed to analyze and understand these events will also be reviewed by leading workers in the field.
Author: Nico M. van Os Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780824799977 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 322
Book Description
Discusses the laboratory and industrial synthesis of nonionic surfactants. Furnishes exhaustive coverage of the most recent advances in nonionic surfactant organic chemistry. Analyzes a novel class of catalysts for the production of surfactants with highly narrow distributions.
Author: Ingegard Johansson Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080555535 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 994
Book Description
The focus of Handbook for Cleaning/Decontamination of Surfaces lies on cleaning and decontamination of surfaces and solid matter, hard as well as soft. Bringing together in a 2-volume reference source: - current knowledge of the physico-chemical fundamentals underlying the cleaning process; - the different needs for cleaning and how these needs are met by various types of cleaning processes and cleaning agents, including novel approaches; - how to test that cleaning has taken place and to what extent; - the effects of cleaning on the environment; - future trends in cleaning and decontamination, for example the idea of changing surfaces, to hinder the absorbance of dirt and thus make cleaning easier.A brief introduction is given to the legal demands concerning the environment and a historical background, in terms of development of detergents, from soaps to the modern sophisticated formulations. Bactericides, their use and the environmental demands on them are covered. Thorough discussions of mechanisms for cleaning are given in several chapters, both general basic concepts and special cases like particle cleaning and cleaning using microemulsion concepts.* General understanding of how cleaning works, function of ingredients and formulations * Overview of environmental issues and demands from the society in the area * Gives basic formulas for cleaning preparations in most areas
Author: Silvio Vaz Jr. Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323852165 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 278
Book Description
Analysis of Chemical Residues in Agriculture presents a focused, yet comprehensive guide on how to identify, evaluate and analyze the wide range of chemicals that impact our food production system. The book presents a variety of analytical technologies and methods in order to help professionals, researchers, and graduate and undergraduate students understand chemical residues in agriculture and apply them to applications for the detection and quantification of chemical residues – both organic and inorganic – in several agricultural matrices, including crops, fruits, meat, food, feed, soil and water. Agriculture remains one of the most strategic sectors for the global economy and well-being. However, it is seen as a source of environmental and health concerns mainly due to the high amount of pesticides and fertilizers used in production systems around the world; moreover, a thorough understanding of the topic is necessary when we consider livestock production systems also apply large amounts of veterinary drugs to treat illness and promote increases in productivity. - Identifies the main scientific and technological approaches of analytical chemistry dedicated to agricultural and related matrices to solve real problems and for R&D purposes - Provides a description of the analytical technologies and methodologies used to reduce the negative impact of several agrochemicals on the environment and health - Explores cutting-edge analytical technologies to detect residues in agricultural and related matrices
Author: Sylvia S. Talmage Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429610629 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 387
Book Description
The book summarizes and reviews the environmental and human safety of two classes of nonionic surfactants-alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE). This unique resource contains critical data from published sources as well as from unpublished studies submitted by Soap and Detergent Association member companies. It reviews information on product chemistry and analysis, biodegradation, environmental levels (including fate and distribution), aquatic toxicity, and human safety. Recently developed analytical techniques for the extraction, separation, detection, and measurement of nonionic surfactants and their metabolites in environmental samples are described. Results of biodegradation studies performed with a variety of test systems are tabulated, as are results of field studies at wastewater treatment plants. Reported comparisons of environmental levels with results of acute and chronic aquatic toxicity tests are provided. The information on the toxicity and irritation potential of AE and APE surfactants includes data from in vitro, mammalian, and human studies.
Author: Philippa D. Darbre Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128011203 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 390
Book Description
Endocrine Disruption and Human Health starts with an overview of what endocrine disruptors are, the issues surrounding them, and the source of these chemicals in the ecosystem. This is followed by an overview of the mechanisms of action and assay systems. The third section includes chapters written by specialists on different aspects of concern for the effects of endocrine disruption on human health. Finally, the authors consider the risk assessment of endocrine disruptors and the pertinent regulation developed by the EU, the US FDA, as well as REACH and NGOs. The book has been written for researchers and research clinicians interested in learning about the actions of endocrine disruptors and current evidence justifying concerns for human health but is useful for those approaching the subject for the first time, graduate students, and advanced undergraduate students. - Provides readers with access to a range of information from the basic mechanisms and assays to cutting-edge research investigating concerns for human health - Presents a comprehensive, translational look at all aspects of endocrine disruption and its effects on human health - Offers guidance on the risk assessment of endocrine disruptors and current relevant regulatory considerations
Author: Richard J. Farn Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1405171790 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 336
Book Description
Surfactants are used throughout industry as components in a hugerange of formulated products or as effect chemicals in theproduction or processing of other materials. A detailedunderstanding of the basis of their activity is required by allthose who use surfactants, yet the new graduate or postgraduatechemist or chemical engineer will generally have little or noexperience of how and why surfactants work. Chemistry & Technology of Surfactants is aimed at newgraduate or postgraduate level chemists and chemical engineers atthe beginning their industrial careers and those in later life whobecome involved with surfactants for the first time. The book is astraightforward and practical survey of the chemistry ofsurfactants and their uses, providing a basic introduction tosurfactant theory, information on the various types of surfactantand some application details. This will allow readers to build ontotheir scientific education the concepts and principles on which thesuccessful use of surfactants, across a wide range of industries,is based.
Author: Sau-Mei Teresa Leung
Author: Sau-Mei Teresa Leung
Author: 梁秀媚
Author: Francisco G. Calvo-Flores
Author: 
Author: Nico M. van Os
Author: Ingegard Johansson
Author: Silvio Vaz Jr.
Author: Sylvia S. Talmage
Author: Philippa D. Darbre
Author: Richard J. Farn