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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 134
Book Description
Nonylphenol ethoxylates are a class of high-volume chemicals used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, and dispersing agents. These chemicals and their degradation products such as nonylphenol are not produced naturally, and enter the environment primarily through wastewater treatment plant effluents. This report summarizes the information critical to the assessment of these chemicals as toxic, including their identity, properties, production, and uses; entry into the environment; fate and concentrations; toxicokinetics; and effects on experimental animals and in vitro and on humans; and ecotoxicology. The report also includes an assessment under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act of these chemicals regarding their toxicity in the environment and their population exposure & human health effects.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 134
Book Description
Nonylphenol ethoxylates are a class of high-volume chemicals used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, and dispersing agents. These chemicals and their degradation products such as nonylphenol are not produced naturally, and enter the environment primarily through wastewater treatment plant effluents. This report summarizes the information critical to the assessment of these chemicals as toxic, including their identity, properties, production, and uses; entry into the environment; fate and concentrations; toxicokinetics; and effects on experimental animals and in vitro and on humans; and ecotoxicology. The report also includes an assessment under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act of these chemicals regarding their toxicity in the environment and their population exposure & human health effects.
Author: Canada. National Guidelines and Standards Office Publisher: National Guidelines and Standards Office ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 192
Book Description
Nonylphenyl (NP) and NP ethoxylates (NPEs) are a group of organic chemicals that are widely used as surfactants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, and dispersants in a wide variety of industrial processes & commercial products. This document provides the rationale for development of Canadian environmental quality guidelines for NP & NPEs. It contains technical background information on the chemical & physical properties of NP & NPEs and a review of their sources & emissions in Canada, the distribution & behaviour of these chemicals in the environment, their toxicological effects on aquatic & terrestrial species, and NP/NPE guidelines developed in other jurisdictions. The information is then used to derive water, sediment, & soil quality guidelines for NP/NPEs to protect ecological receptors in each of these environmental compartments. The final sections suggest areas for future research & provide guidance on implementation of the guidelines.
Author: Ingegard Johansson Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080555535 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 994
Book Description
The focus of Handbook for Cleaning/Decontamination of Surfaces lies on cleaning and decontamination of surfaces and solid matter, hard as well as soft. Bringing together in a 2-volume reference source: - current knowledge of the physico-chemical fundamentals underlying the cleaning process; - the different needs for cleaning and how these needs are met by various types of cleaning processes and cleaning agents, including novel approaches; - how to test that cleaning has taken place and to what extent; - the effects of cleaning on the environment; - future trends in cleaning and decontamination, for example the idea of changing surfaces, to hinder the absorbance of dirt and thus make cleaning easier.A brief introduction is given to the legal demands concerning the environment and a historical background, in terms of development of detergents, from soaps to the modern sophisticated formulations. Bactericides, their use and the environmental demands on them are covered. Thorough discussions of mechanisms for cleaning are given in several chapters, both general basic concepts and special cases like particle cleaning and cleaning using microemulsion concepts.* General understanding of how cleaning works, function of ingredients and formulations * Overview of environmental issues and demands from the society in the area * Gives basic formulas for cleaning preparations in most areas
Author: Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 9780128022290 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Advances in Molecular Toxicology features the latest advances in the subspecialties of the broad area of molecular toxicology. This series details the study of the molecular basis of toxicology by which a vast array of agents encountered in the human environment and produced by the human body manifest themselves as toxins. The book is not strictly limited to documenting these examples, but also covers the complex web of chemical and biological events that give rise to toxin-induced symptoms and disease. The new technologies that are being harnessed to analyze and understand these events will also be reviewed by leading workers in the field.
Author: Silvio Vaz Jr. Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323852165 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 278
Book Description
Analysis of Chemical Residues in Agriculture presents a focused, yet comprehensive guide on how to identify, evaluate and analyze the wide range of chemicals that impact our food production system. The book presents a variety of analytical technologies and methods in order to help professionals, researchers, and graduate and undergraduate students understand chemical residues in agriculture and apply them to applications for the detection and quantification of chemical residues – both organic and inorganic – in several agricultural matrices, including crops, fruits, meat, food, feed, soil and water. Agriculture remains one of the most strategic sectors for the global economy and well-being. However, it is seen as a source of environmental and health concerns mainly due to the high amount of pesticides and fertilizers used in production systems around the world; moreover, a thorough understanding of the topic is necessary when we consider livestock production systems also apply large amounts of veterinary drugs to treat illness and promote increases in productivity. - Identifies the main scientific and technological approaches of analytical chemistry dedicated to agricultural and related matrices to solve real problems and for R&D purposes - Provides a description of the analytical technologies and methodologies used to reduce the negative impact of several agrochemicals on the environment and health - Explores cutting-edge analytical technologies to detect residues in agricultural and related matrices
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309064198 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 453
Book Description
Some investigators have hypothesized that estrogens and other hormonally active agents found in the environment might be involved in breast cancer increases and sperm count declines in humans as well as deformities and reproductive problems seen in wildlife. This book looks in detail at the science behind the ominous prospect of "estrogen mimics" threatening health and well-being, from the level of ecosystems and populations to individual people and animals. The committee identifies research needs and offers specific recommendations to decision-makers. This authoritative volume: Critically evaluates the literature on hormonally active agents in the environment and identifies known and suspected toxicologic mechanisms and effects of fish, wildlife, and humans. Examines whether and how exposure to hormonally active agents occursâ€"in diet, in pharmaceuticals, from industrial releases into the environmentâ€"and why the debate centers on estrogens. Identifies significant uncertainties, limitations of knowledge, and weaknesses in the scientific literature. The book presents a wealth of information and investigates a wide range of examples across the spectrum of life that might be related to these agents.
Author: M. R. Servos Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 217
Book Description
"Nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates (NP/NPEs) are currently being evaluated as a Priority Substance under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. The supporting document represents the background reviews and analysis of the exposure, hazard and risk characterization for the Canadian environment"--Management Perspective.
Author: Sau-Mei Teresa Leung Publisher: ISBN: 9781361326664 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This dissertation, "Nonylphenol- and Octylphenol-ethoxylates in Surfactant Products: Need Control or Not?: an Overview of Their Consumption, Environmental Fate and Risks and Public Awareness in Hong Kong as Compared to Overseas Countries" by Sau-mei, Teresa, Leung, 梁秀媚, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEO) and octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEO), both are alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO), a type of non-ionic surfactants commonly used in synthetic detergents for household and industrial cleaning purposes. These compounds and their degraded intermediates are xenoestrogens ubiquitously found in runoffs, sewage discharge and sludge. Not only that they persist in our surface waters and sediment, they are also found in the bodies of wildlife and human worldwide. Because of their high volume consumed and their nature as semi-persistent pollutants as well as endocrine disruptors, many developed countries have renounced their use on voluntary basis or through regulatory measure. Hong Kong is situated at the estuary of Pearl River Delta, which is one of the pollution hotspots. It is susceptible to its own water pollutants from municipal sewage ( 1,054 million m3/year) and also the discharge ( 3.0x109m3/ year) along the river from the industrialized and urbanized Mainland China cities. The local environment and human health are exposed to risks of these chemicals ascribed to rising consumption of detergents and their insufficient removal by sewage treatment, in addition to food intake in particular seafood. However, public awareness about APEO and endocrine disrupting chemicals is low due to no mandatory disclosure and control of these chemicals as well as the uncertainties about their chronic toxicity, based on the survey results of online questionnaires. Several recommendations have been made with reference to overseas regulatory measures and good practices to control and reduce the use of these chemicals. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5099119 Subjects: Surface active agents - Environmental aspects - China - Hong Kong
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Author: Canada. Environment Canada
Author: Canada. National Guidelines and Standards Office
Author: Ingegard Johansson
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Author: Silvio Vaz Jr.
Author: National Research Council
Author: M. R. Servos
Author: Sau-Mei Teresa Leung