Nonlinear Optical Diagnostics of Diesel Spray. Final Report, August 3, 1987--July 31, 1991 PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The mechanisms of fuel spray development within engines, particularly processes including atomization, vaporization, and mixing of the fuel and air, are critical in the design and optimization of diesel engines. During the four years of DOE support, significant progress has been made toward furthering the understanding of nonlinear optical effects in fuel sprays and single liquid droplets with radius (a) much larger than the laser wavelength ([lambda][sub input]), i.e., droplets with with large size parameters x = 2[pi]a/[lambda][sub input]. The authors have attempted to apply nonlinear optical spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition of the droplet, the droplet morphology (size, shape, and index of refraction), and the physical properties of the droplet (surface tension and bulk viscosity). This research can be divided into two parts: (1) understanding of nonlinear optical effects: and (2) application of nonlinear optical spectroscopy and imaging to fuel droplets and sprays.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The mechanisms of fuel spray development within engines, particularly processes including atomization, vaporization, and mixing of the fuel and air, are critical in the design and optimization of diesel engines. During the four years of DOE support, significant progress has been made toward furthering the understanding of nonlinear optical effects in fuel sprays and single liquid droplets with radius (a) much larger than the laser wavelength ([lambda][sub input]), i.e., droplets with with large size parameters x = 2[pi]a/[lambda][sub input]. The authors have attempted to apply nonlinear optical spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition of the droplet, the droplet morphology (size, shape, and index of refraction), and the physical properties of the droplet (surface tension and bulk viscosity). This research can be divided into two parts: (1) understanding of nonlinear optical effects: and (2) application of nonlinear optical spectroscopy and imaging to fuel droplets and sprays.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Power resources Languages : en Pages : 1032
Book Description
Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Author: Klaus Mollenhauer Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540890831 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 632
Book Description
This machine is destined to completely revolutionize cylinder diesel engine up through large low speed t- engine engineering and replace everything that exists. stroke diesel engines. An appendix lists the most (From Rudolf Diesel’s letter of October 2, 1892 to the important standards and regulations for diesel engines. publisher Julius Springer. ) Further development of diesel engines as economiz- Although Diesel’s stated goal has never been fully ing, clean, powerful and convenient drives for road and achievable of course, the diesel engine indeed revolu- nonroad use has proceeded quite dynamically in the tionized drive systems. This handbook documents the last twenty years in particular. In light of limited oil current state of diesel engine engineering and technol- reserves and the discussion of predicted climate ogy. The impetus to publish a Handbook of Diesel change, development work continues to concentrate Engines grew out of ruminations on Rudolf Diesel’s on reducing fuel consumption and utilizing alternative transformation of his idea for a rational heat engine fuels while keeping exhaust as clean as possible as well into reality more than 100 years ago. Once the patent as further increasing diesel engine power density and was filed in 1892 and work on his engine commenced enhancing operating performance.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309168643 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 286
Book Description
Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs discusses the need for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to implement a new method for estimating the amount of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, and other pollutants emitted from livestock and poultry farms, and for determining how these emissions are dispersed in the atmosphere. The committee calls for the EPA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture to establish a joint council to coordinate and oversee short - and long-term research to estimate emissions from animal feeding operations accurately and to develop mitigation strategies. Their recommendation was for the joint council to focus its efforts first on those pollutants that pose the greatest risk to the environment and public health.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309314852 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 276
Book Description
The growing problem of changing environmental conditions caused by climate destabilization is well recognized as one of the defining issues of our time. The root problem is greenhouse gas emissions, and the fundamental solution is curbing those emissions. Climate geoengineering has often been considered to be a "last-ditch" response to climate change, to be used only if climate change damage should produce extreme hardship. Although the likelihood of eventually needing to resort to these efforts grows with every year of inaction on emissions control, there is a lack of information on these ways of potentially intervening in the climate system. As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses albedo modification - changing the fraction of incoming solar radiation that reaches the surface. This approach would deliberately modify the energy budget of Earth to produce a cooling designed to compensate for some of the effects of warming associated with greenhouse gas increases. The prospect of large-scale albedo modification raises political and governance issues at national and global levels, as well as ethical concerns. Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth discusses some of the social, political, and legal issues surrounding these proposed techniques. It is far easier to modify Earth's albedo than to determine whether it should be done or what the consequences might be of such an action. One serious concern is that such an action could be unilaterally undertaken by a small nation or smaller entity for its own benefit without international sanction and regardless of international consequences. Transparency in discussing this subject is critical. In the spirit of that transparency, Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth was based on peer-reviewed literature and the judgments of the authoring committee; no new research was done as part of this study and all data and information used are from entirely open sources. By helping to bring light to this topic area, this book will help leaders to be far more knowledgeable about the consequences of albedo modification approaches before they face a decision whether or not to use them.
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Author: Klaus Mollenhauer
Author: National Research Council
Author: Thomas B. Reed
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Author: National Research Council
Author: M. Sengupta