Nonlinear Dynamics of Water and Energy Balance in Land-atmosphere Interaction PDF Download

Author: Kaye Lorraine Brubaker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 147

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Author: Kaye Lorraine Brubaker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 294

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Author: E.F. Wood
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400921551
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 302

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Book Description
It is well known that the interactions between land surfaces and the atmosphere, and the resulting exchanges in water and energy have a tremendous affect on climate. The inadequate representation of land-atmosphere interactions is a major weakness in current climate models, and is providing the motivation for the HAPEX and ISLSCP experiments as well as the proposed Global Energy and Water Experiment (GEWEX) and the Earth Observing System (EOS) mission. The inadequate representation reflects the recognition that the well-known phys ical relationships, which are well described at small scales, result in different relationships when represented at the scales used in climate models. Understanding this transition in the mathematical relationships with increased space-time scales appears to be very difficult, and has led to different approaches; at one extreme, the famous "bucket" model where the land-surface is a simple one layer storage without vegetation; the other extreme may be Seller's Simple Biosphere Model (Sib) where one big leaf covers the climate model grid. Given the heterogeneous nature of landforms, soils and vegetation within a climate model grid, the development of new land surface parameterizations, and their verification through large scale experiments is perceived to be a challenging area of research for the hydrology and meteorology communities. This book evolved from a workshop held at Princeton University to explore the status of land surface parameterizations within climate models, and how observa tional data can be used to assess these parameterizations and improve models.

Author: Ming-Ying Wei
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Materials
Languages : en
Pages : 86

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Identifies the scientific requirements of the atmospheric, hydrologic, and ecologic disciplines for soil moisture observations.

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Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 788

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Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrometeorology
Languages : en
Pages : 598

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Author: P. Kabat
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540424000
Category : Gardening
Languages : en
Pages : 598

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This book presents a state-of-the-art scientific overview of the influence of terrestrial vegetation and soils within the Earth system. It deals especially with interactions between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere via the hydrological cycle and their interlinkage with anthropogenic activities. Measurements gathered in integrated field experiments in the Sahel, the Amazon, North America and South-east Asia confirm the importance of these interactions, but a substantial data consolidation effort still needs to be undertaken. Observations are complemented by modelling studies, including regional models that simulate flows and transport in river catchments, coupled land-cover and regional climate systems, and Earth-system and global circulation models. Water, nutrient and sediment fluxes in river basins are also discussed and are shown to be highly impacted and regulated by humans through land use, pollution and river engineering. Finally, the book discusses environmental vulnerability and methodologies for assessing the risks associated with regional and global climatic and environmental variability and change.The editors emphasise that the results reported in this book are based on the research work of many individual scientists and teams around the world associated with the objectives of the IGBP-BAHC and WCRP-GEWEX international research programmes.

Author: Daniel Hillel
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323152139
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 400

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Applications of Soil Physics deals with the applications of soil physics and covers topics ranging from infiltration and surface runoff to groundwater drainage, evaporation from bare-surface soils, and uptake of soil moisture by plants. Water balance and energy balance in the field are also discussed, along with tillage and soil structure management. The development and extension of Penman's evaporation formula is also described. This book is comprised of 14 chapters and begins with a systematic description of the field-water cycle and its management, with emphasis on infiltration and runoff; redistribution and drainage; evaporation and transpiration; and irrigation and tillage. Subsequent chapters focus on transpiration from plant canopies; freezing phenomena in soils; scaling and similitude of soil-water phenomena; spatial variability of soil physical properties; and movement of solutes during infiltration into homogeneous soil. Concepts of soil-water availability to plants are considered, together with principles of irrigation management and the advantages and limitations of drip irrigation. This monograph is intended for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students of the environmental, engineering, and agronomic sciences.

Author: Amilcare Porporato
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781108886321
Category : Ecohydrology
Languages : en
Pages :

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"Ecohydrology is the study of the two-way interaction between the hydrological cycle and ecosystems. More broadly, it is the science of the linkages between life and water on Earth. On the one hand, the space and time variability of the hydrological cycle controls the water availability for ecosystems; on the other hand, ecosystems, especially through transpiration by vegetation, control the main pathway by which water returns to the atmosphere from land. The terrestrial water cycle also drives some of the dynamics of soil organic matter, 7 8 CHAPTER INTRO DUCTION Abiotic processes (water and energy cycles) Biotic processes (carbon and nutrient cycles, vegetation and soil microbes) 2-way interaction Society Agroecosystems (60% of rainfall goes in transpiration in agricultural land Rule of thumb: 1 kg of bread requires 1 m3 of water) 2-way interaction Figure 1.1: Ecohydrology is characterized by the feedbacks between hydrological and ecological processes, involving numerous biotic and abiotic components, as well as by the growing interactions with the social components, especially ftwowayg through agroecosystems. microbial biomass, and the related nutrient cycling. These in turn not only a ect the vegetation dynamics but also impact the hydraulic and thermodynamic properties of soil, thereby directly acting on the partitioning of water and energy uxes at the land-atmosphere interface. The interaction between water balance and plants is responsible for some of the fundamental di erences among biomes (e.g., forests, grasslands, savannas) and for the developments of their space-time patterns. Thus one of the rst objectives of ecohydrology is to understand the intertwined dynamics of climate, soil, and vegetation. This interaction is especially interesting in water-limited ecosystems, where water is a limiting factor not only because of its scarcity but also because of its intermittent and unpredictable appearance. Many important practical issues depend on the quantitative understanding of the ecohydrological processes, including environmental preservation and proper management of soil and water resources. A solid scientic foundation of sustainable development and eco-agriculture must take into account the two-way interaction between biosphere and hydrosphere, as well as include a quantitative description of the human interference with these processes (see Fig. 1.1)"--

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 702

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