Nitrogen Dynamics and Water Availability in Two Cover-cropped Vineyards of California's Central Valley PDF Download

Author: Amy Elizabeth Patrick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140

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Author: Chuck A. Ingels
Publisher: University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources
ISBN: 9781879906358
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 172

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This guide features cutting-edge methods for using cover crops to enhance vineyard performance. Based on extensive research, this guide details technical and theoretical information on how cover crops affect vineyards and promote ecological stability. With how-to instructions for activities such as field application, this practical reference is a must-have for vineyard owners, managers, consultants, and pest control advisers.

Author: Gina Marie Garland
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267023544
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas (GHG) produced from soils. It is a natural component of the nitrogen (N) cycle, but emissions are rising due to the increased use of both organic and synthetic N fertilizers in agricultural production systems over the past century. As atmospheric concentrations of N2O continue to climb, its influence on global warming and climate change cannot be denied. Because N2O is produced during soil microbial processes, agricultural production has a great influence on these processes by shaping the soil environment and thus how the microbes are able to process available N. Therefore, knowing the underlying practices responsible for current GHG emissions is necessary to develop best management practices aimed at reducing N2O emissions. Two studies were conducted in a vineyard in Northern California in order to determine how management practices (both conventional and alternative) as well as climatic conditions affect annual and seasonal nitrous oxide emissions within Mediterranean vineyard cropping systems. N2O fluxes were measured using a closed flux chamber method for several days following each management and precipitation event. Furthermore, soil samples were collected to relate N2O emissions with water-filled pore space (WFPS), inorganic N concentration (NO3 and NH4), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and pH. Cumulative N2O emissions in the no-till (NT) system were greater under both the vine and the tractor row compared to conventional till (CT), with 0.15 ± 0.026 kg N2O-N ha−1 growing season−1 emitted from the CT vine compared to 0.22 ± 0.032 kg N2O-N ha−1 growing season−1 emitted from the NT vine and 0.13 ± 0.048 kg N2O-N ha−1 growing season−1 emitted from the CT row compared to 0.19 ± 0.019 kg N2O-N ha−1 growing season−1 from the NT row. Yet these variations were not significant, indicating no differences in seasonal N2O emissions following conversion from CT to NT compared to long-term CT management. Total annual emissions in the first year, when a leguminous cover crop was planted in the tractor row, totaled 3.92 kg N2O-N ha−1, while emissions in the second year when the tractor rows were fallow showed a 7-fold reduction, reaching only 0.56 kg N2O-N ha−1. During the growing season, fertilization events produced slightly increased emissions compared to the low background values. However, the largest fluxes occurred during the fallow season, in response to the first precipitation event of the year, especially in the tractor rows. Surprisingly, precipitation events in the second year, when the tractor rows were fallow, did not follow the same pattern, indicating the significant influence of the cover crop-derived N on annual N2O emissions. By and large, these studies show that agricultural management practices do have a direct influence on N2O emissions, and that their interaction with climatic conditions greatly influences total N2O emissions within a Mediterranean vineyard cropping system. Furthermore, the vastly increased N2O emissions following leguminous cover crop addition highlights the need to assess the environmental impacts of leguminous cover crops in systems where a crop does not directly follow legume incorporation.

Author: Thomas P. Tomich
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520962230
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 341

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Nitrogen is indispensable to all life on Earth. However, humans now dominate the nitrogen cycle, and nitrogen emissions from human activity have real costs: water and air pollution, climate change, and detrimental effects on human health, biodiversity, and natural habitats. Too little nitrogen limits ecosystem processes, while too much nitrogen transforms ecosystems profoundly. The California Nitrogen Assessment is the first comprehensive account of nitrogen flows, practices, and policies for California, encompassing all nitrogen flows—not just those associated with agriculture—and their impacts on ecosystem services and human wellbeing. How California handles nitrogen issues will be of interest nationally and internationally, and the goal of the assessment is to link science with action and to produce information that affects both future policy and solutions for addressing nitrogen pollution. This book also provides a model for application of integrated ecosystem assessment methods at regional and state (subnational) levels.

Author: Claudia C. Faunt
Publisher: Geological Survey
ISBN: 9781411325159
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Andy Clark
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437903797
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 248

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Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.

Author: Jonathan Vick
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781369795554
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) with a global warming potential (GWP) 298 times greater than CO2. Cover crops, those crops grown other than the cash crop, offer a range of benefits for growers. However, cover crops also serve as inputs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), that can stimulate microbial N2O emissions. Vineyard agroecosystems represent a unique case for studying the effects of cover crops on N2O emissions as vineyard cover crops are generally non-fertilized and rain-fed. A two-year field study and accompanying laboratory incubation was conducted to examine the effects of three cover crop treatments (a legume mix, a ‘soil builder’ mix, and perennial ryegrass) and a fallow control on soil GHG emissions and soil N-dynamics. N2O emissions over the course of the study period did not show significant differences, with emissions ranging from 550 ± 202 g N2O-N ha−1 from the fallow soil to 951 ± 135 g N2O-N ha−1 from the ryegrass planted soil. Precipitation patterns were an important driver of N2O emissions. The laboratory incubation results showed N2O emissions from the legume mix planted soil to be an order of magnitude higher than the other treatments, with denitrification as the pathway responsible for the observed differences in gaseous N production rates. Additionally, patterns of N-transformations exhibited treatment differences, suggesting that two years of cover cropping influenced soil microbial community behavior.

Author: Richard Douglas Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Author: Ellen Hanak
Publisher: Public Policy Instit. of CA
ISBN: 1582131414
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 500

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Author: Wade H. Shafer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461528321
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 350

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Book Description
Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1 957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all con cerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an interna tional publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Cor poration of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 36 (thesis year 1991) a total of 11,024 thesis titles from 23 Canadian and 161 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 36 reports theses submitted in 1991, on occasion, certain univer sities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.