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Author: Joshua Spencer Andrews Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
The impact of living mulch corn production on nitrogen availability, crop growth, and water quality was investigated. Plant, soil, and water samples were taken over the course of two years in research plots and experimental watersheds. A living mulch system reduced corn growth and grain yield when compared to a cereal rye and crimson clover systems due to reduced N availability. A HYDRUS-1D model was used to estimate water and NO3-N leaching below a 1-m depth from planting in April through February of the next year. In the first model period, the living mulch had lower NO3-N loss than both the cereal rye and crimson clover systems, though little NO3-N was lost during the second model period due to drought. On the experimental watersheds, the living mulch likely reduced runoff volume, and both the living mulch and cereal rye systems reduced sediment loss when compared to previous treatments.
Author: Joshua Spencer Andrews Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
The impact of living mulch corn production on nitrogen availability, crop growth, and water quality was investigated. Plant, soil, and water samples were taken over the course of two years in research plots and experimental watersheds. A living mulch system reduced corn growth and grain yield when compared to a cereal rye and crimson clover systems due to reduced N availability. A HYDRUS-1D model was used to estimate water and NO3-N leaching below a 1-m depth from planting in April through February of the next year. In the first model period, the living mulch had lower NO3-N loss than both the cereal rye and crimson clover systems, though little NO3-N was lost during the second model period due to drought. On the experimental watersheds, the living mulch likely reduced runoff volume, and both the living mulch and cereal rye systems reduced sediment loss when compared to previous treatments.
Author: Andy Clark Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437903797 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.
Author: Krisztina Eleki Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 164
Book Description
Kura clover has potential as a living mulch for corn production, however understanding the below ground completion is critical for developing best management practices. The first study's objective was to determine kura clover living mulch management effects on root growth. Two kura clover management treatments were compared. In the first a 25-cm band centered on the corn row was suppressed with herbicides. In the second a broadcast herbicide application suppressed all of the kura clover stand. Soil cores containing both corn and kura clover roots were obtained at three distances from the row and at two depths. Root discrimination from these cores was based on 13C ratio analysis. This relationship between 13C and percentage corn roots in calibration samples was linear, and was used to determine corn root percentages within each field core. There were significant corn and kura clover root density depth effects. Corn root density differences were significant between positions, however, significant root growth pattern differences were not observed between treatments. Kura clover management in this study did not affect corn root growth. 13C isotope analysis was a suitable method to discriminate corn and kura clover root materials. As a living mulch, kura clover may also reduce soil erosion, however data are missing. The second study's objective was to determine kura clover cover crop effects on sediment loss, water runoff, and phosphorus losses. Two treatments were compared: a conventionally tilled corn vs. a no-till corn-kura clover living mulch system. Passive infield sediment and runoff collectors were placed in the plots to obtain runoff and sediment from natural rainfall events. The kura clover living mulch treatment significantly reduced the quantity of sediment collected. Runoff was not significantly affected by treatment, but was by date. Runoff patterns were similar for both treatments and total sediment losses remained less than 1 Mg ha−1 for both treatments. When data were segregated as summer and winter events, treatments significantly affected total phosphorus losses in the winter months. The net effect of the kura clover living mulch was to reduce phosphorus loss compared with the tilled surface during the late winter months.
Author: Jerry L. Hatfield Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0891188533 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 432
Book Description
Degradation of soils continues at a pace that will eventually create a local, regional, or even global crisis when diminished soil resources collide with increasing climate variation. It's not too late to restore our soils to a more productive state by rediscovering the value of soil management, building on our well-established and ever-expanding scientific understanding of soils. Soil management concepts have been in place since the cultivation of crops, but we need to rediscover the principles that are linked together in effective soil management. This book is unique because of its treatment of soil management based on principles—the physical, chemical, and biological processes and how together they form the foundation for soil management processes that range from tillage to nutrient management. Whether new to soil science or needing a concise reference, readers will benefit from this book's ability to integrate the science of soils with management issues and long-term conservation efforts.
Author: Julie Grossman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Agricultural conservation Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
As states in the upper Midwest focus on reducing negative water quality impacts of grain corn production, there is a need for innovative production strategies that maintain profitability while minimizing the export of nutrients, agrochemicals, and soil. Maintenance of surface vegetative cover is probably the most effective means to protect soil, but it is challenging to do so in annual row crops. This project determined the effect of differing levels of zone tillage intensity on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling in a corn-kura clover cropping system (Zea maize-Trifolium ambiguum) in an effort to determine impacts on soil N and C. Additionally, the research determined the impacts of these different zone tillage approaches on corn production.
Author: Kashif Akhtar Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811964106 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 398
Book Description
This book provides insights into recent developments in the use of mulching in agroecosystems with emphasis on the major pros and cons. Increase in human population, climatic changes and agricultural intensification have put enormous pressure on soil and water resources. As a result, we are confronted with challenges to enhance nutrient and water use efficiencies and conserve soil organic matter without compromising crop yields and food security. Increasing the soil organic matter (SOM) via residue return increased nutrient availability and soil physical and biological properties. Management practices, such as straw mulching or incorporation, have significant effects on soil health. Straw addition also increases functionality related to carbon and N metabolism via increasing the microbes and thus greatly contributes to CO2 and N2O emissions. However, the co-use of organic and inorganic fertilizer reduces the N2O emission without compromising crop yield. Mulching has long been advocated to conserve soil moisture and increase the efficiency of macro- and micro-nutrients by improving soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. These effects of mulch are translated into better crop yields while improving soil health and quality in the long run. Therefore, the use of mulching techniques is on the rise in organic as well as conventional agriculture. The book is of great interest for researchers, academics, agriculture extensionists, soil and plant scientist, fertilizer industry, farmers, agro-industrial workers, farm managers, NGOs, and climate and civil society activists.
Author: M.K. van Ittersum Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080538665 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 381
Book Description
During the 4th ESA-Congress, held in the Netherlands, 7-11 July 1996, a new perspective for agronomy emerged. Various contributions demonstrate the need for a new role of agronomy and its tools. In recent decades, agriculture has evolved from an activity with mainly productivity aims, into an issue conciliating environmental, agricultural, and economic and social objectives. Placing agriculture in such a broadened perspective requires a different agronomy, with new tools and approaches at a range of aggregration levels. It calls for detailed knowledge concerning the functioning, productivity and ecological relationships of agricultural plants and crops. In addition, it calls for a constant update and synthesis of existing and newly generated knowledge, the design of new ideotypes and genotypes, new production technologies, cropping systems, farming systems and agro-ecological land use systems. This proceedings book presents a set of case studies illustrating the various agronomic tools that can be used for specific agronomic questions. The case studies are grouped in sections illustrating relevant subquestions in developing an agriculture with broadened objectives. The book starts with an introductory paper on the role of agronomy in research and education in Europe. The second section deals with agricultural land use, food security and environment. This is followed by a set of papers describing experimental research and modeling approaches used to design new ideotypes of crops, including physiological properties in relation to growth factors such as radiation, CO2, temperature and water. Sustained soil fertility directly links to nutrient cycling and soil organic matter. A selected set of papers addresses the improvements in resource use efficiency and as such their contribution towards economic, environmental and agricultural objectives. The final section addresses the design of integrated and ecological arable farming systems. It highlights the role of prototyping interaction with leading-edge farmers, as promising tools to design, implement and test new farming systems. It is hoped that the activities of the European Society for Agronomy and the Proceedings of its 4th Congress will stimulate to serve the new perspectives of agronomy, i.e. to adopt ecological principles, to optimally manage the use of resources and to meet social and economic objectives.
Author: Joshua Spencer Andrews
Author: Joshua Spencer Andrews
Author: Andy Clark
Author: Krisztina Eleki
Author: Agustina Sabalzagaray
Author: Nathan A. Bard
Author: Jerry L. Hatfield
Author: Julie Grossman
Author: Vernon Phillip Grubinger
Author: Kashif Akhtar
Author: M.K. van Ittersum