Author: Tom D. HughesPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 214
Book Description
Nitrification Inhibitors, Leaching, and Time of Nitrogen Application for Corn
Author: Tom D. HughesThe Use of Nitrogen Timing and Nitrification Inhibitors as Tools in Corn and Wheat Production in Kansas
Author: Timothy J. FosterPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
World population, together with the cost of crop production inputs, is increasing rapidly. The current seven billion people on earth are expected to reach nine billion by 2050 with resulting demands on world food production. In addition, the quality of our environment is being impacted by human activities, including agricultural production and crop fertilization. Nitrogen (N) management is the process of applying N fertilizers in a way to maximize use of N by crops, while minimizing loss to the environment. It is becoming imperative, as a means of increasing crop yields and food supplies, while reducing input usage, and minimizing the impact of N fertilization on the quality of our environment, that improved N application practices be identified and utilized. The objectives for this study were to compare the timing of anhydrous ammonia (AA) fertilizer N applications, fall and spring, with and without two different nitrification inhibitors (NI) as possible tools to enhance yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in corn (Zea mays) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Kansas. Two different nitrification inhibitors were tested as alternatives, N-Serve (nitrapyrin) produced and marketed by Dow AgroSciences, and an experimental product under development by Koch Agronomic Services LLC. Three differing rates of the experimental product were used to assist in determining the optimal rate for this product. The study was conducted over two growing seasons, 2012 and 2013, which differed significantly in rainfall, rainfall distribution, and resulting NUE. Experiments were established at three sites for both crops in both years, on sites/soils selected for differing potentials for N loss, and mechanisms of N loss. One site was established at the Kansas State University Agronomy North Farm (N Farm), where yield potential was high, and N loss potential was low. A second site was established under irrigation at the Kansas River Valley Experiment Field near Topeka, KS (KRV), on a coarse silt loam soil with high potential for N loss through leaching. The third site was established at the East Central Kansas Experiment Field near Ottawa KS (ECK), on a clay pan soil with a high potential for denitrification loss. Weather conditions together with soil characteristics played a major role in the performance of N timing applications and impacted the response to the use of the inhibitors. In low N loss environments such as the N Farm, fall applications of AA to increase spring time-availability for producers showed minimal negative effects on yield or NUE. When combined with a nitrification inhibitor in the fall, performance was similar to spring application for both corn and wheat. At the KRV site leaching loss or potential loss from fall application was high for corn and wheat in both years, however little impact on NUE with NI use was observed. At the high ECK denitrification site, there was only one N loss potential event leading to inhibitor performance at Ottawa in corn in 2013.
Effect of Stay-N Nitrification Inhibitor Upon Corn Yield and N-uptake on Iowa Soils
Author: Kyle Gustav JensenPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 138
Book Description
Nitrogen fertilization is necessary to obtain respectable corn yields. Loss of nitrogen applied to the soil can significantly decrease yields. Suppressing the rate of nitrogen oxidation into a form that can be leached from the root zone may increase N use efficiency. The use of a nitrification inhibitor (nitrapyrin) has been shown to protect crop yield and groundwater quality when leaching conditions exist. Two year studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of reformulated nitrapyrin (Stay-N) when used with urea-ammonium nitrate solutions (liquid N fertilizer) and liquid swine manure upon corn yields. The liquid N studies were conducted in 2000 and 2001 at the Northwest Iowa Research Farm on a Galva soil (Typic Hapludoll) and in Central Iowa at the Burkey Farm on a Nicollet soil (Aquic Hapludoll). Treatments were arranged in split-plot, randomized, complete block design replicated four times. Main plots were Stay-N treatments, with (0.56 kg ai ha−1) or without Stay-N. Sub-plots were seven different rates of nitrogen: 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, and 270 kg ha−1. Stay-N was mixed with the urea-ammonium nitrate solutions and sprayed on the appropriate plots using a small plot fertilizer applicator. The liquid swine manure study was conducted in 2001 and 2002 at the Armstrong Research Farm near Lewis, Iowa on a Colo soil (Cumulic Endoaquoll). The study was arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated four times. Liquid swine manure was applied to the plots to supply 0, 90, and 179 kg ha−1 of nitrogen. Stay-N rates were 0, 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg ai ha−1. Stay-N was mixed with the swine manure before treatments were injected into the soil. Environmental conditions did not favor N losses during the time the studies were conducted.
Impact of Nitrification Inhibitor Use on Corn Yield and Soil Nitrogen Levels from Liquid Hog Manure Applied at Various Fall Timings
Author: Kathryn JacksonPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Manure applied in early with warmer temperatures can have higher nitrification rates and nitrogen loss potential, but waiting for cooler conditions in later fall risks an early winter conditions that may prevent application. Nitrate is susceptible to leaching and denitrification, which potentially could be minimized by including a nitrification inhibitor (NI) when applying manure. In this three-year study on corn, nitrapyrin was incorporated into liquid hog manure and applied at various fall timings and in spring. Soil samples were collected in the preceding fall, spring, and post-harvest, and plant nitrogen content, grain and stover were measured in the growing season. The seasonal manure application timing had a greater impact on plant responses than including the inhibitor, with spring manure applications having greater yields. It was found that there was an optimal window in November where fall-applied manure treatments had an economic benefit to being applied with a nitrification inhibitor.
Nitrification Inhibitors and Use in Minnesota
Author: Michael SchmittEffect of Time and Rate of Nitrogen Application to Corn (Zea Mays L.) on Nitrate Leaching
Author: Arthur Alfred BomkeAssessment of Nitrification and Urease Inhibitors and Timing Interactions on Nitrate Leaching in Corn (Zea Mays L.).
Author: Amy PawlickPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The goal of this research was to identify best management practices to reduce nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching in a continuous corn system by conducting a field study from November 2015 to May 2017. Fertilizer treatments consisted of urea vs. urea+NUI applied at planting, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) vs. UAN+NUI applied at sidedress and a combination of these practices: urea+NUI at planting vs. UAN at sidedress. NO3-N leaching was calculated as the product of NO3-N concentration sampled at 80 cm depth using porous ceramic cup water samplers and drainage estimated using a soil water budget approach. The results indicated that in 2015-2016, delaying fertilization to sidedress and applying UAN significantly reduced NO3-N concentration and leaching compared to urea+NUI at planting. Results indicate that urea+NUI is not likely to significantly reduce NO3-N leaching. Therefore, it is recommended that the best management practice to reduce NO¬3-N leaching is to apply UAN at sidedress.
Effect of Time and Rate of Nitrogen Application to Corn (Zea Mays, L.) Onnitrate Leaching
Author: Nitrification Inhibitor, Nitrogen Source, and Herbicide Effects on Soil Bitrogen Transformations and Corn Yield
Author: William NeelsPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient for crop production; however, its management has been challenging due to increasing nitrogen losses. Increased N losses have led researchers to focus on strategies for improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE). In this study, we took an integrated approach to compare the effects of N source, nitrification inhibitor and herbicide on nitrification, N loss, crop yield, residual N, and NUE. We first evaluated these factors in a twoyear field experiment. A laboratory soil incubation experiment followed. The treatments included a combination of nitrification inhibitor vs. no inhibitor, two nitrogen fertilizer sources (broadcast urea vs. injected aqueous ammonia), and a pre-emergence herbicide vs. no herbicide. Results indicated that nitrogen source has a more significant effect on NH4 + -N retention (78-80% higher in anhydrous ammonia vs. urea) than nitrification inhibitor (24-47% higher with inhibitor vs. without inhibitor) and herbicides. Similarly, nitrogen source significantly affected NO3 - -N formation (134-176% lower in anhydrous ammonia vs. urea) than nitrification inhibitor (8-31% lower with inhibitor vs. without inhibitor) and herbicides. We then evaluated the effect of nitrification inhibitor, nitrogen fertilizer source, and herbicide on (1) soil nitrification through a 25 day-soil incubation and (2) NH3 volatilization, NO3 - -N leaching, and N2O emissions through a 31-day soil column study using a loamy sand soil. Results indicated that nitrogen source had a greater effect on reducing nitrification (32.5% lower with injected aqueous ammonia vs. surface broadcast urea) compared to nitrification inhibitors (4% lower with inhibitor vs. without inhibitor) and herbicide (no effect). Surface broadest urea increased NH3 volatilization by 673% compared to injected aqueous ammonia. Injected aqueous ammonia had 22% higher NO3 - -N leaching and 33 % higher NH4 + -N leaching than urea, while nitrification inhibitor had an inconsistent effect on NO3 - -N leaching across both N sources. The results of both experiments indicated that nitrogen source plays a more significant role in regulating soil nitrogen losses than nitrification inhibitors and herbicide..
ARS-H.
Author: United States. Agricultural Research ServicePublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
Book Description