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Author: David Dean Burnette Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 167
Book Description
This dissertation presents studies of NO kinetics in a plasma afterglow using various nanosecond pulse discharges across a sphere gap. The discharge platform is developed to produce a diffuse plasma volume large enough to allow for laser diagnostics in a plasma that is rich in vibrationally-excited molecules. This plasma is characterized by current and voltage traces as well as ICCD and NO PLIF images that are used to monitor the plasma dimensions and uniformity. Temperature and vibrational loading measurements are performed via coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). Absolute NO concentrations are obtained by laser-induce fluorescence (LIF) measurements, and N and O densities are found using two photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF). For all dry air conditions studied, the NO behavior is characterized by a rapid rate of formation consistent with an enhanced Zeldovich process involving electronically-excited nitrogen species that are generated within the plasma. After several microseconds, the NO evolution is entirely controlled by the reverse Zeldovich process. These results show that under the chosen range of conditions and even in extreme instances of vibrational loading, there is no formation channel beyond ~2 [mu]sec. Both the NO formation and consumption mechanisms are strongly affected by the addition of fuel species, producing much greater NO concentrations in the afterglow.
Author: David Dean Burnette Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 167
Book Description
This dissertation presents studies of NO kinetics in a plasma afterglow using various nanosecond pulse discharges across a sphere gap. The discharge platform is developed to produce a diffuse plasma volume large enough to allow for laser diagnostics in a plasma that is rich in vibrationally-excited molecules. This plasma is characterized by current and voltage traces as well as ICCD and NO PLIF images that are used to monitor the plasma dimensions and uniformity. Temperature and vibrational loading measurements are performed via coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). Absolute NO concentrations are obtained by laser-induce fluorescence (LIF) measurements, and N and O densities are found using two photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF). For all dry air conditions studied, the NO behavior is characterized by a rapid rate of formation consistent with an enhanced Zeldovich process involving electronically-excited nitrogen species that are generated within the plasma. After several microseconds, the NO evolution is entirely controlled by the reverse Zeldovich process. These results show that under the chosen range of conditions and even in extreme instances of vibrational loading, there is no formation channel beyond ~2 [mu]sec. Both the NO formation and consumption mechanisms are strongly affected by the addition of fuel species, producing much greater NO concentrations in the afterglow.
Author: Cristina Trivisonno Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"The Haber-Bosch process, responsible for the production of ammonia, has gained a lot of attention due to its high energy consumption and inefficiency. Fortunately, this has since motivated researchers to find an alternative. This Master's thesis focuses on the preliminary study of a high pressure nanosecond pulsed non-thermal nitrogen plasma with the intention of applying it to the production of ammonia. The highly energetic environment of a plasma together with the favorability of high pressure and low temperature conditions is stipulated to encourage the formation of ammonia. This study penetrates the unknown variability of plasmas above 1 atmosphere. The dual nanosecond pulser implemented in the work allows for the quick delivery of a high total potential. The fast rise time of the pulse inhibits the transition to spark, which is heightened at elevated pressures due to the increased collision frequency. The characterization of the plasma is performed with the analysis of time resolved images and of electrical diagnostics. It was found that with an inter-electrode gap of 1.5 mm and varying applied voltages a plasma was successfully generated from 1 to 10 am. The development of a primary and secondary streamer was observed for all conditions. As presumed increasing the pressure required higher applied voltages, from this the evolution of the discharges at varying conditions was compared according to the applied reduced electric fields. Increasing the electric field results in an increase in the time overlap between the two streamers and their light emission. The velocity of the streamer was compared to its dependence on pressure and it was found that as it increased the velocity decreased. Also observed was a rise in velocity at about 1 mm from the cathode. At and above 9atm the bridging of the inter-electrode gap is unrealized. It is believed that the streamers existed but were not captured by the optical system due to limitations of the intensified charged coupled device used to capture the plasma emission. Therefore, at these low intensities the surge in velocity is not documented and neither is the time overlap of the streamers. Overall, it is concluded that for this study increasing the pressure of a plasma has the same effect as increasing the distance between the electrodes. " --
Author: Bernie M. Penetrante Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642784763 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 422
Book Description
Acid rain, global warming, ozone depletion, and smog are preeminent environmental problems facing the world today. Non-thermal plasma techniques offer an innovative approach to the solution of some of these problems. There are many types of non-thermal plasma devices that have been developed for environmental applications. The potential of these devices for the destruction of pollutants or toxic molecules has already been demonstrated in many contexts, such as nitrogen oxides (NOX) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in flue gases, heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in industrial effluents, and chemical agents such as nerve gases. This book contains a comprehensive account of the latest developments in non-thermal plasma devices and their applications to the disposal of a wide variety of gaseous pollutants.
Author: Annemie Bogaerts Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3038977500 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Author: NN Misra Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 012801489X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 382
Book Description
Cold Plasma in Food and Agriculture: Fundamentals and Applications is an essential reference offering a broad perspective on a new, exciting, and growing field for the food industry. Written for researchers, industry personnel, and students interested in nonthermal food technology, this reference will lay the groundwork of plasma physics, chemistry, and technology, and their biological applications. Food scientists and food engineers interested in understanding the theory and application of nonthermal plasma for food will find this book valuable because it provides a roadmap for future developments in this emerging field. This reference is also useful for biologists, chemists, and physicists who wish to understand the fundamentals of plasma physics, chemistry, and technology and their biological interactions through applying novel plasma sources to food and other sensitive biomaterials. Examines the topic of cold plasma technology for food applications Demonstrates state-of-the-art developments in plasma technology and potential solutions to improve food safety and quality Presents a solid introduction for readers on the topics of plasma physics and chemistry that are required to understand biological applications for foods Serves as a roadmap for future developments for food scientists, food engineers, and biologists, chemists, and physicists working in this emerging field
Author: Anonymous Publisher: Legare Street Press ISBN: 9781016407649 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: David Dean Burnette
Author: David Dean Burnette
Author: Cristina Trivisonno
Author: Walid M. Mseitif
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Author: Arwah J. Jaber
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Author: Bernie M. Penetrante
Author: Annemie Bogaerts
Author: NN Misra
Author: Anonymous