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Author: Lawrence H. Thaller Publisher: AIAA ISBN: 9781884989131 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 212
Book Description
The review and analysis reported here are the outcomes of a project carried out from 1998-2001 within the Energy Technology Department of the The Aerospace Corporation to examine the available results of different nickel-hydrogen life testing programs that had been or were being carried out for low Earth orbit (LEO) applications. The cycling programs, some of which are still in progress, were conducted under different sponsorships and carried out at different testing facilities.
Author: Lawrence H. Thaller Publisher: AIAA ISBN: 9781884989131 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 212
Book Description
The review and analysis reported here are the outcomes of a project carried out from 1998-2001 within the Energy Technology Department of the The Aerospace Corporation to examine the available results of different nickel-hydrogen life testing programs that had been or were being carried out for low Earth orbit (LEO) applications. The cycling programs, some of which are still in progress, were conducted under different sponsorships and carried out at different testing facilities.
Author: L. Thaller Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
The usable energy density of nickel-hydrogen cells intended for low Earth orbit (LEO) applications can be significantly increased by cycling them to deeper depths of discharge (DODs). In reviewing the existing life cycle databases, the cycle life has been found to vary from less than 1000 cycles to more than 50,000 cycles when cells were cycled to 60% DOD. The causes for this wide disparity occur during the four major phases in a cell's life: (1) design, (2) manufacturing, (3) storage, and (4) life cycle testing. This report will focus on how the conditions selected for life cycle testing can have a significant impact on the usable life of a cell. Cycle life can be significantly reduced when recharge conditions are selected that accelerate the degradation rates of the naturally occurring degradation mechanisms. By paying close attention during the design, manufacturing, and storage phases, cycle lives can be dramatically improved when accompanied by appropriate recharge conditions. The objective of this study is to examine the cycling potential of nickel-hydrogen cells when cycled to 60% DOD.
Author: Charles C. Badcock Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 20
Book Description
A program to demonstrate the long-term reliability of nickel hydrogen (NiH2) cells in low earth orbit (LEO) and support use in mid-altitude orbit (MAO) has been initiated. Both 3.5 and 4.5 in. diameter NiH2 cells are included in the test plan. Cells from all U.S. vendors are to be tested. The tests will be performed at -5 and 10 C at 40 and 60% depth of discharge (DOD) for LEO orbit and 10 C and 80% DOD for MAO orbit simulations. The goals of the testing are 20,000 cycles at 60% DOD and 30,000 cycles at 40% DOD. Cells are presently undergoing acceptance and characterization testing at Naval Weapons Support Center (NWSC), Crane, Indiana. Funding has been provided by the Air Force Space Technology Center (AFSTC) and two AF System Program Offices (SPO's) to initiate the testing, but additional funding must be acquired to complete the purchase of cells and to assure completion of the testing. Keywords: Battery life, Testing, Nickel hydrogen batteries, Nickel hydrogen cells.
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781722793616 Category : Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
The destructive physical analysis (DPA) of electrochemical devices is an important part of the overall test. Specific tests were developed to investigate the degradation mode or the failure mechanism that surfaces during the course of a cell being assembled, acceptance tested, and life-cycle tested. The tests that have been developed are peculiar to the cell chemistry under investigation. Tests are often developed by an individual or group of researchers as a result of their particular interest in an unresolved failure mechanism or degradation mode. A series of production, operational, and storage issues that were addressed by the Electrochemistry Group at The Aerospace Corporation are addressed. As a result of these investigations, as well as associated research studies carried out to develop a clearer understanding of the nickel oxyhydroxide electrode, a series of unique and useful specialized tests were developed. Some of these special tests were assembled to describe the methods that were found to be particularly useful in resolving a wide spectrum of manufacturing, operational, and storage issues related to nickel-hydrogen cells. The general methodology of these tests is given here with references listed to provide the reader with a more detailed understanding of the tests. The tests are classified according to the sequencing, starting with the impregnation of the nickel plaque material and culminating with the storage of completed cells. The details of the wet chemical procedures that were found to be useful because of their accuracy and reproducibility are given. The equations used to make the appropriate calculations are listed. Zimmerman, A. H. and Quinzio, M. V. and Thaller, L. H. Unspecified Center F04701-88-C-0089...
Author: CHarles C. Badcock Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 21
Book Description
Both government and industry were surveyed to determine the level of testing of nickel hydrogen (NiH2) battery cells and to evaluate the demonstrable capabilities of the couple. Only flight-type cells undergoing ground test were incorporated in the data base; no boilerplate cells or flight batteries were included. Both USAF-design and COMSAT-design cells, as well as a few cells produced by SAFT, were listed. The USAF design is in test in both high and low-earth-orbit simulations, whereas the COMSAT design, intended specifically for high-orbit applications, is being tested predominantly in high orbits. The data from over 400 cells show that the reliability and capability of both designs for high-orbit applications are reasonably established out to ten years in geosynchronous orbit, and to approximately 3000 cycles in other high-orbit applications. However, the data base is weak and incomplete for applications of the USAF cell in low earth orbit. This results from the harsh testing environment to which these cells have been subjected, as well as from various minor design questions that were not resolved when these cells began testing. It must also be pointed out that most of the testing data base is constructed from cells that were developmental in design or manufacture (all cells purchased for a test are used, even if their performance is questionable), as contrasted to a flight program where it can be assumed that many of the failures listed would have been rejected prior either to life test or their use in a flight battery.
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781725040267 Category : Languages : en Pages : 30
Book Description
This paper on nickel hydrogen batteries is an overview of the various nickel hydrogen battery design options, technical accomplishments, validation test results and trends. There is more than one nickel hydrogen battery design, each having its advantage for specific applications. The major battery designs are individual pressure vessel (IPV), common pressure vessel (CPV), bipolar and low pressure metal hydride. State-of-the-art (SOA) nickel hydrogen batteries are replacing nickel cadmium batteries in almost all geosynchronous orbit (GEO) applications requiring power above 1 kW. However, for the more severe low earth orbit (LEO) applications (greater than 30,000 cycles), the current cycle life of 4000 to 10,000 cycles at 60 percent DOD should be improved. A NASA Lewis Research Center innovative advanced design IPV nickel hydrogen cell led to a breakthrough in cycle life enabling LEO applications at deep depths of discharge (DOD). A trend for some future satellites is to increase the power level to greater than 6 kW. Another trend is to decrease the power to less than 1 kW for small low cost satellites. Hence, the challenge is to reduce battery mass, volume and cost. A key is to develop a light weight nickel electrode and alternate battery designs. A common pressure vessel (CPV) nickel hydrogen battery is emerging as a viable alternative to the IPV design. It has the advantage of reduced mass, volume and manufacturing costs. A 10 Ah CPV battery has successfully provided power on the relatively short lived Clementine Spacecraft. A bipolar nickel hydrogen battery design has been demonstrated (15,000 LEO cycles, 40 percent DOD). The advantage is also a significant reduction in volume, a modest reduction in mass, and like most bipolar designs, features a high pulse power capability. A low pressure aerospace nickel metal hydride battery cell has been developed and is on the market. It is a prismatic design which has the advantage of a significant reduction in volume and a ...
Author: Lawrence H. Thaller
Author: Lawrence H. Thaller
Author: L. Thaller
Author: 
Author: Charles C. Badcock
Author: 
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Author: H. S. Lim
Author: Lawrence H. Thaller
Author: CHarles C. Badcock
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)