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Author: Finn Tarp Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Foreign aid has undergone many fundamental shifts since the middle of the last century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the international development community added a multilateral agenda of development goals, institutions, and procedures to traditional bilateralism. Thinking about development policy was drastically modified from the early 1980s onward, and the evolving donor-recipient relationship as it exists today can best be described as uncertain and circumspect. In parallel, the global economic context in which foreign aid is implemented has been transformed in ways unimagined at the time of the Bretton Woods Conference. Emerging from debates about the “micro-macro” paradox in the 1980s, the analysis of aid effectiveness became dominated by macro econometric approaches during the 1990s. Convincing evidence appeared that aid works at both the macroeconomic and microeconomic levels, but the putative lessons learned from this inference vary greatly, and disagreements persist about necessary and sufficient conditions for effective economic assistance. This is true both with reference to more narrow debates about appropriate economic policy and to the wider institutional context within which aid is implemented. Since the mid-1990s, the donor-driven nature of many aid programs has inspired repeated calls for a new kind of partnership (Helleiner 2000). One response has been the increased use of the concept of ownership in the rhetoric of aid policy, but what this means in theory and practice is not entirely clear. After a historical survey of the aid effectiveness literature, this paper turns to a brief empirical narrative on the changing relative importance of aid in the present era of globalization. As a modest contribution to renewing perspectives on development assistance, this is followed by a set of five guidelines for effective aid relationships in the future before conclusions are drawn.
Author: Finn Tarp Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Foreign aid has undergone many fundamental shifts since the middle of the last century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the international development community added a multilateral agenda of development goals, institutions, and procedures to traditional bilateralism. Thinking about development policy was drastically modified from the early 1980s onward, and the evolving donor-recipient relationship as it exists today can best be described as uncertain and circumspect. In parallel, the global economic context in which foreign aid is implemented has been transformed in ways unimagined at the time of the Bretton Woods Conference. Emerging from debates about the “micro-macro” paradox in the 1980s, the analysis of aid effectiveness became dominated by macro econometric approaches during the 1990s. Convincing evidence appeared that aid works at both the macroeconomic and microeconomic levels, but the putative lessons learned from this inference vary greatly, and disagreements persist about necessary and sufficient conditions for effective economic assistance. This is true both with reference to more narrow debates about appropriate economic policy and to the wider institutional context within which aid is implemented. Since the mid-1990s, the donor-driven nature of many aid programs has inspired repeated calls for a new kind of partnership (Helleiner 2000). One response has been the increased use of the concept of ownership in the rhetoric of aid policy, but what this means in theory and practice is not entirely clear. After a historical survey of the aid effectiveness literature, this paper turns to a brief empirical narrative on the changing relative importance of aid in the present era of globalization. As a modest contribution to renewing perspectives on development assistance, this is followed by a set of five guidelines for effective aid relationships in the future before conclusions are drawn.
Author: B. Mak Arvin Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA ISBN: 0313012288 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 314
Book Description
The success or failure of economic assistance programs is a shared responsibility of recipient countries and donors. The negative attitude about aid prevalent today underscores a perception the aid has failed. Critics often blame corrupt regimes, weak governments, or poor economic policies. However, the poor track record of aid is also due to donors' inability to allocate limited funds effectively and poor coordination of their aid efforts. Declining aid budgets have led to fundamental questioning of foreign aid's allocation and utility, while the apparent ineffectiveness of aid has shrunk aid budgets and turned public opinion against providing it. This edited collection containing pieces written by leading development specialists evaluates these emerging questions of allocation and efficiency. Development economists, policy makers, and development specialists will benefit from reading this work. Chapters examine the optimal and intertemporal allocation of aid, the role and accountability of NGOs in allocation, the importance of untying (a new perspective on low levels of aid), and links between the allocation pattern of donors. Additional chapters deal with the impact of aid on economic growth, democracy, wage inequality between skilled and unskilled labor, and the role of governance and institutional capacity in aid effectiveness. An effective balance between theoretical and empirical models is offered to better illustrate the issues involved.
Author: K. L. Gupta Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9781461373186 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 278
Book Description
Foreign aid has been an area of active scholarly investigation since the end of the Second World War, but particularly since the early 1950s when a large number of the erstwhile colonies became independent. Few areas of public policy involving the developed and developing countries have aroused more passion and ideological debate than foreign aid. In spite of the massive amount of research in the field, there is still not enough work in two areas: the first involves the mechanisms through which aid influences the economies of the donor and the recipient countries; and the second, country-specific assessments of the effectiveness of foreign aid. Foreign Aid: New Perspectives is aimed at making a contribution in these two areas. The contents of this volume are divided into four parts. Part I deals with some theoretical aspects of foreign aid, while the second part analyzes some general policy aspects. Part III turns to the donor experience and includes one paper on the Danish experience. The last part considers the recipient experience and consists of five case studies.
Author: J. Oloka-Onyango Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing ISBN: 1443870935 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 395
Book Description
This book is an anthology of essays contributing new scholarship to the contemporary discourse on the concept of aid. It provides an interdisciplinary investigation of the role of aid in African development, compiling the work of historians, political scientists, legal scholars, and economists to examine where aid has failed and to offer new perspectives on how aid can be made more effective. Questions regarding the effectiveness of aid are addressed here using specific case studies. The question of ownership is examined in the context of two debates: 1) to what extent should aid be designed by the recipient country itself? and 2) should aid focus on “need” or “performance”? That is, should donors direct aid to the poorest countries, regardless of their policies and governance, or should aid “reward” countries for doing the right thing? The future of aid is also addressed: should aid continue to be a part of the development agenda for countries in sub-Saharan Africa? If so, how much and what type of aid is needed, and how it can be made most effective? The major criticism against aid is that it cripples the recipient country’s economic growth by turning it into a passive receiver; in addition, it has been noted that aid is mostly supply-driven, depending upon donors rather than the actual needs of recipients. For this reason, aid may not meet the goals for which it was intended. To meet the needs of the communities they want to help, donors should work through consultation and a measure of recipient ownership. Donors need to understand context, to protect human rights, and to be guided by principles of social and environmental justice. Other suggested strategies for making aid more effective include peer review; self-assessment; the empowerment of women; encouraging accountability; investing in agriculture; helping smallholder subsistence farmers; introducing ethical and professional standards for civil service; and raising the competence of civil servants.
Author: Nabamita Dutta Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030221210 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 302
Book Description
A response to the pressing need to address and clarify the substantial ambiguity within current literature, this edited volume aims to deepen readers’ understanding of the impact of foreign aid on development outcomes based on the latest findings in research over the past decade. Foreign aid has long been seen as one of two extremes: either beneficial or damaging, a blessing or a curse. Consequently, many readers perceive aid’s effectiveness based on the work of scholars who are assessing the impact of aid from one of two antithetical perspectives. This book takes a different approach, shedding light on recent research that can deepen our understanding of the complex relationship between aid and its aftereffects. Drawing from an extensive set of studies that have explored micro and macro impacts of foreign aid for recipient nations, chapter authors highlight more layered and nuanced findings, with a focus on donor characteristics, political motives, and an evaluation of aid projects and their effectiveness, including the differential impact based on type of aid. This volume is the first of its kind to unpack aid as a complex rather than a unitary concept and explore the wide areas of grey that have long enshrouded foreign aid.
Author: Laurent Wagner Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Aid effectiveness is a complex issue. Aid comes in many instruments, has many targets and involves many stakeholders whose objectives, methods and philosophy greatly differ across countries and institutions. From this mixed bag, economists have struggled finding strong regularities at the macroeconomic level to guide the political debate and consensus have failed to emerge. Hence, political stances have often been influenced by strong assumptions based on weak or at least hotly debated evidence. This work is an attempt to provide new perspectives on the aid effectiveness debate through seven essays. The first three chapters address the technical question of the aid/growth relationship issue using new approaches and new statistical instruments in an attempt to overcome most of the caveats of the aid empirical literature. We show that the aid/growth relationship is complex and difficult to measure using common statistical methods. Moreover, while aid is globally effective, its effectiveness depends on different factors reflected by the existence of conditional and unconditional thresholds. Among those factors, economic vulnerability seems to be a key component that has to be taken into account in order to identify this relationship. In a second part, we try to assess the effectiveness of two flagship initiatives which are Aid for Trade and Universal Primary Education with regards to the outcomes they ultimately target, namely, export performance for the former and school enrolment, gender parity and repetition rate in primary school for the later. As in the first three chapters, our results support the existence of a significant relationship between aid and the targeted outcomes. Those results, notably for the education sector, clearly argue against the idea that aid has done more bad then good. Finally, based on previous results, in a third part, chapters six and seven explore the mean to improve the current aid allocation strategies used notably by the Multilateral Development Banks. One of the main conclusions is that economic vulnerability is a central factor to be taken into account in the design of aid allocation strategies.
Author: George Mavrotas Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 0191573841 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 392
Book Description
Foreign aid is one of the few topics in the development discourse with such an uninterrupted, yet volatile history in terms of interest and attention from academics, policymakers, and practitioners alike. Does aid work in promoting growth and reducing poverty in the developing world? Will a new 'big push' approach accelerate progress towards the Millennium Development Goals or will another opportunity be missed? Can the lessons of almost half a century of aid giving be learnt? These are truly important questions in view of the emerging new landscape in foreign aid and recent developments related to the global financial crisis, which are expected to have far reaching implications for both donors and recipients engaged in this area. Against this shifting aid landscape, there is a pressing need to evaluate progress to date and shed new light on emerging issues and agendas. This volume brings together leading aid experts to review the progress achieved so far, identify the challenges ahead, and discuss the emerging policy agenda in foreign aid. A central conclusion of this important and timely volume is that, since development aid remains crucial for many developing countries, a huge effort is needed from both donors and aid recipients to overcome the inefficiencies and make aid work better for poor people. After all, as global citizens, we have a moral obligation to do the best we can to lift people out of poverty in the developing world. The findings of this book will be of considerable interest to professionals and policymakers engaged in policy reforms in foreign aid, and provide an essential one-stop reference for students of development, international finance, and economics.
Author: Neils Hermes Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317845064 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 159
Book Description
In 1998 the World Bank published a report entitled "Assessing Aid: What Works, What Doesn't and Why". This report presents the results of an extensive investigation into the effectiveness of development aid. The main message of the text of the report is that development aid helps, but only when there is a good policy environment in the recipient countries, that is when there is sound macroeconomic management and when robust government institutions exist. It stresses that it is a myth to think that good policies can be bought by giving development aid: giving aid conditional on policy reforms does not lead to improved economic policies. The conclusion of the World Bank report is that aid flows should be directed only to countries with sound policies and that it should be focused more on supporting governments in reforming entire sectors, rather than on specific development projects. The "Assessing Aid" report has led to heated debates, both among academics and policy-makers, about development aid and aid policies. Many have questioned the methodology used, the results and the policy conclusions of the report. This book aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion about the future of development aid. In particular, it re-examines a number of issues that are crucial to the analysis and to the conclusions of the World Bank report. In this study the authors aim to put the discussion on the future of development aid into perspective and summarise the main findings of the other studies in this collection. They focus on two issues: the aid effectiveness debate before and after the Assessing Aid report, and the discussion on policy conditionality and good governance. Section II provides a brief survey of past research on aid effectiveness, that is, before publication of the Assessing Aid report and summarises the main findings of the World Bank report on aid effectiveness. In this study the authors aim to put the discussion on the future of development aid into perspective and summarise the main findings of the other studies in this collection. They focus on two issues: the aid effectiveness debate before and after the Assessing Aid report, and the discussion on policy conditionality and good governance. Section II provides a brief survey of past research on aid effectiveness, that is, before publication of the Assessing Aid report and summarises the main findings of the World Bank report on aid effectiveness.
Author: K. L. Gupta Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461550955 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 285
Book Description
Foreign aid has been an area of active scholarly investigation since the end of the Second World War, but particularly since the early 1950s when a large number of the erstwhile colonies became independent. Few areas of public policy involving the developed and developing countries have aroused more passion and ideological debate than foreign aid. In spite of the massive amount of research in the field, there is still not enough work in two areas: the first involves the mechanisms through which aid influences the economies of the donor and the recipient countries; and the second, country-specific assessments of the effectiveness of foreign aid. Foreign Aid: New Perspectives is aimed at making a contribution in these two areas. The contents of this volume are divided into four parts. Part I deals with some theoretical aspects of foreign aid, while the second part analyzes some general policy aspects. Part III turns to the donor experience and includes one paper on the Danish experience. The last part considers the recipient experience and consists of five case studies.
Author: Finn Tarp
Author: Finn Tarp
Author: B. Mak Arvin
Author: K. L. Gupta
Author: J. Oloka-Onyango
Author: Nabamita Dutta
Author: Laurent Wagner
Author: Simone Dietrich
Author: George Mavrotas
Author: Neils Hermes
Author: K. L. Gupta