New options for generating employment and income in the rural sector PDF Download

Author:
Publisher: IICA
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 79

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Author: G. S. Mehta
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788126115679
Category : Rural development
Languages : en
Pages : 285

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Book Description
Given The Limited Scope Of Farm Sector To Generate Additional Employment In The Light Of The Increasing Labourforce So As To Sustain The Livelihood Of Rural Households, The Expansion Of Different Non-Farm Activities Has Been Recognized As An Important Alternative For Solving The Problems Of Unemployment And Poverty In Rural Areas.Keeping This In Mind The Present Book Deals With Various Issues Related Too The Structure Of Growth, Factors Influencing To The Expansion; Contribution In Creating Employment And Income Opportunities And Problems Existing In The Proper Functioning Of Different Non-Farm Activities. Finally, The Book Suggests Various Options And Measures Which May Be Initiated For Developing Different Segments Of Non-Farm Sector For Achieving Increasing Employment Opportunities And Attaining Sustained Livelihood For The Rural Households In Uttaranchal. Since Uttaranchal Is A Newly Formed State And Is Faced With The Issues Of Employment And Growth The Book Should Prove Useful For Both Researchers And Policy Makers.

Author: John L. Pender
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135121893
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 328

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Book Description
This book investigates the role of wealth in achieving sustainable rural economic development. The authors define wealth as all assets net of liabilities that can contribute to well-being, and they provide examples of many forms of capital – physical, financial, human, natural, social, and others. They propose a conceptual framework for rural wealth creation that considers how multiple forms of wealth provide opportunities for rural development, and how development strategies affect the dynamics of wealth. They also provide a new accounting framework for measuring wealth stocks and flows. These conceptual frameworks are employed in case study chapters on measuring rural wealth and on rural wealth creation strategies. Rural Wealth Creation makes numerous contributions to research on sustainable rural development. Important distinctions are drawn to help guide wealth measurement, such as the difference between the wealth located within a region and the wealth owned by residents of a region, and privately owned versus publicly owned wealth. Case study chapters illustrate these distinctions and demonstrate how different forms of wealth can be measured. Several key hypotheses are proposed about the process of rural wealth creation, and these are investigated by case study chapters assessing common rural development strategies, such as promoting rural energy industries and amenity-based development. Based on these case studies, a typology of rural wealth creation strategies is proposed and an approach to mapping the potential of such strategies in different contexts is demonstrated. This book will be relevant to students, researchers, and policy makers looking at rural community development, sustainable economic development, and wealth measurement.

Author: Earl Orel Heady
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural laborers
Languages : en
Pages : 166

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Author:
Publisher: International Labour Organization
ISBN: 9789221194866
Category : Employment in foreign countries
Languages : en
Pages : 146

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This report adopts a decent work perspective to approach the challenge of promoting employment and reducing poverty in rural areas by examining issues of employment, social protection, rights and social dialogue in rural areas in an integrated way.

Author: O. Jean Lanjouw
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages :

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May 1995 Although governments in some countries are implementing projects to support small-scale and rural enterprises, more commonly the rural nonfarm sector operates in a policy environment that is biased against it. This survey highlights the positive roles that the rural nonfarm sector can play in promoting growth and welfare by slowing rural-urban migration, using more appropriate technologies, providing seasonal or alternative employment for those left out of agriculture, and improving household security through diversification. The apparent neglect of this sector does not seem warranted on the basis of available information. So little is known about the rural nonfarm sector that those making policy to assist rural small-scale enterprises have done so largely unencumbered by evidence. The Lanjouw survey of nonfarm data and policy experience attempts to correct this. Until recently, the commonly held view was that rural nonfarm employment was relatively nonproductive, producing goods and services of low quality. The rural off-farm sector was expected to wither away with development and rising incomes, and this was viewed as a positive, rather than a negative, event. A corollary of this view was that the government need not actively worry about the sector -- or be concerned about how policies elsewhere might harm it. More recently, opinion has swung the other way, and it is increasingly argued that neglect of the sector would be mistaken. The survey highlights the positive roles that the rural nonfarm sector can play in promoting both growth and welfare. In the widespread situation of a rural workforce growing faster than the employment potential in agriculture, the nonfarm rural sector can lower unemployment and slow rural-urban migration. It is particularly useful in employing women and providing off-season incomes. The technologies used in small-scale rural manufacturing may be more appropriate and thus generate greater income from available productive inputs. What role could government play in promoting the nonfarm sector? The emphasis of government policy has been on large-scale urban industry as the main engine of growth. More recently, there has been a move toward a more broad-based growth approach, with greater emphasis on the development of agriculture and the rural economy. Increasingly countries have targeted project assistance schemes, for example to provide training, infrastructure, and technology to support small-scale and rural enterprises. Nonetheless, in most countries it remains true that projects to support the nonfarm rural sector are undertaken in a policy environment which is biased against this sector. This paper -- a product of the Office of the Vice President, Development Economics -- was prepared as a background paper for World Development Report 1995 on labor.

Author: Gordon Betcherman
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0191070947
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 311

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This book is a sequel to the World Bank's World Development Report 2013: Jobs. The central message of that report was that job creation is at the heart of development. Jobs raise living standards and lift people out of poverty, they contribute to gains in aggregate productivity, and they may even foster social cohesion. In doing so, jobs may have spillovers beyond the private returns they offer to those who hold them. Poverty reduction is arguably a public good, making everybody better off; higher productivity spreads across co-workers, clusters, and cities; and social cohesion improves the outcomes of collective decision-making. But which jobs make the greatest contribution to development and what policies can facilitate the creation of more of these jobs? There is no universal answer - it depends on the country's level of development, demography, natural endowments, and institutions. This volume explores the diversity of jobs challenges and solutions through case studies of seven developing countries. These countries, drawn from four continents, represent seven different contexts - a small island nation (St. Lucia), a resource-rich country (Papua New Guinea), agrarian (Mozambique), urbanizing (Bangladesh), and formalizing (Mexico) economies, as well as young (Tunisia) and aging (Ukraine) populations. Using methods drawn from several branches of economics and the social sciences more broadly and analyzing a wide range of data, the authors show the different ways in which jobs have contributed to social and economic development in the countries they have studied and how they can contribute in the future. The policy priorities vary accordingly. They often extend well beyond traditional labor market instruments to include policy areas not typically considered in national growth strategies.

Author: Gertrud Buchenrieder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Manpower policy, Rural
Languages : en
Pages : 132

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Book Description
Evidence from many low income countries over the last decade shows that the share of rural household income from non-farm sources is growing. Empirical research found that non-farm sources contribute 40-50% to average rural household income. Most of this income originates from local rural sources. Thus, non-farm rural employment is gaining prominence in debates on rural development, particularly in the sense of reducing poverty in farm households and contributing to sustainable livelihoods. Farm households have been observed to follow a multitude of strategies to prepare for and cope with different kinds of risks and thus reduce their livelihood vulnerability. As it concerns income creating strategies, they can be grouped into two categories: (i) adjusting and diversifying farm production activities and (ii) non-farm activities (on- and off-farm) such as wage- and self-employment in the same region or urban centres, implying temporary or permanent migration. In summarysing, it can be stated that diversity and sustainability of livelihoods play a key role in rural households' strategies to ensure survival under difficult ecological and economic conditions. Some common patterns can be identified: if access to farm land is a limiting factor for rural households, even low-paid jobs in the non-farm sector are of key importance to make a living. If land supply is elastic and accessible to rural households, the diversification of farm activities is followed as the main strategy to secure their livelihoods, often supplemented by some form of non-farm rural employment. In general, the farm size must surpass a critical threshold to create capacities to engage in better paid non-farm rural employment, which limits policy options to refer to non-farm rural employment as a silver bullet accessible to all social groups when fighting rural mass poverty. Also, the role of social capital assets cannot be underestimated as it paves the way for profitable forms of non-farm rural employment. This edited volume is a collection of topical papers presented at the Deutsche Tropentag (DTT) 2001 "One World - Research for a Better Quality of Life" that was held at the University of Bonn from October. 9th to 11th, 2001 in Bonn. Papers of the thematic sessions on "Conflicts, Migration and Rural Development" as well as "Poverty and Livelihood Strategies" are combined in this publication. The papers deal with the issues of non-farm rural employment for sustainable rural livelihoods. It also includes one topical paper that was presented at the 42nd Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften des Landbaus (GEWISOLA) "Perspectives for the European Agricultural and Food Sector Following Eastern Enlargement", September 30 to October 2, 2002, at the Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany. The contributions in this volume on non-farm rural employment and its poverty alleviation impact on farm households and policy options contains are from six case countries (Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala as well as Bulgaria, Kosovo, and Romania) in two distinct regions (Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe).

Author: Edward James Blakely
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Industries
Languages : en
Pages : 220

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Author: Ian Hodge
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1040093442
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 275

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Originally published in 1981, the main thesis of this book is that rural labour markets are at the core of the problem of rural depopulation in development countries. Therefore, the success or failure of policies seeking to moderate the process of population decline is linked to the policy maker’s ability to influence labour markets constructively. Migration in search of work has been a major cause of rural decline, and its reversal to bring about economically viable communities must be related to the availability of employment in rural areas. The authors argue that the emergence of socially viable communities is the highest aim in rural economic policy making. Economic viability is usually a necessary but not a sufficient condition for social survival. This examination of the problems of choosing appropriate policies for rural areas, though written by two applied economists, will also be of interest to geographers, planner and politicians interested or involved in local and central government in the UK, the USA and Australia.