Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 7
Book Description
New High-level Waste Management Technology for IFR Pyroprocessing Wastes
Author: New High-level Waste Management Technology for IFR Pyroprocessing Wastes
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 7
Book Description
The pyrochemical electrorefining process for recovery of actinides in spent fuel from the Integral Fast Reactor accumulates fission product wastes as chlorides dissolved in molten LiCI-KCI and as metals, some of which are in molten cadmium. Pyrochemical processes are being developed to recover uranium and transuranium elements for return to the reactor, and to separate and immobilize fission products in suitable waste forms. Solvent cadmium is recycled within the process. Electrolyte salt is treated in a series of salt/cadmium extraction steps; it is also returned to the process. Salt-borne fission products are concentrated on a zeolite bed that is converted to a stable, leach-resistant mineral. Rare earth fission products from the salt, noble metal fission products, and cladding hulls are dispersed in a metal matrix.
A Strategy for the Qualification of IFR/ALMR High-level Wastes for Repository Disposal
Author: J. J. LaidlerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear reactors
Languages : en
Pages : 42
Book Description
Nuclear Wastes
Author: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Separations Technology and Transmutation SystemsPublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 600
Book Description
Presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The committee explores the currently-used once through fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation techno
Radioactive Waste Management
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioactive waste disposal
Languages : en
Pages : 552
Book Description
Strategic Minimization of High Level Waste from Pyroprocessing of Spent Nuclear Fuel
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The pyroprocessing of spent nuclear fuel results in two high-level waste streams--ceramic and metal waste. Ceramic waste contains active metal fission product-loaded salt from the electrorefining, while the metal waste contains cladding hulls and undissolved noble metals. While pyroprocessing was successfully demonstrated for treatment of spent fuel from Experimental Breeder Reactor-II in 1999, it was done so without a specific objective to minimize high-level waste generation. The ceramic waste process uses "throw-away" technology that is not optimized with respect to volume of waste generated. In looking past treatment of EBR-II fuel, it is critical to minimize waste generation for technology developed under the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP). While the metal waste cannot be readily reduced, there are viable routes towards minimizing the ceramic waste. Fission products that generate high amounts of heat, such as Cs and Sr, can be separated from other active metal fission products and placed into short-term, shallow disposal. The remaining active metal fission products can be concentrated into the ceramic waste form using an ion exchange process. It has been estimated that ion exchange can reduce ceramic high-level waste quantities by as much as a factor of 3 relative to throw-away technology.
Defining a Metal-based Waste Form for IFR Pyroprocessing Wastes
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 16
Book Description
Pyrochemical electrorefining to recover actinides from metal nuclear fuel is a key element of the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) fuel cycle. The process separates the radioactive fission products from the long-lived actinides in a molten LiCl-KCl salt, and it generates a lower waste volume with significantly less long-term toxicity as compared to spent nuclear fuel. The process waste forms include a mineral-based waste form that will contain fission products removed from an electrolyte salt and a metal-based waste form that will contain metallic fission products and the fuel cladding and process materials. Two concepts for the metal-based waste form are being investigated: (1) encapsulating the metal constituents in a Cu-Al alloy and (2) alloying the metal constituents into a uniform stainless steel-based waste form. Results are given from our recent studies of these two concepts.
Technologies for Destruction of Long-lived Radionuclides in High-level Nuclear Waste
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 4
Book Description
This paper, and this topical session on Nuclear Waste Minimization, Management and Remediation, focuses on two nuclear systems, and their associated technologies, that have the potential to address concerns surrounding long-lived radionuclides in high-level waste. Both systems offer technology applicable to HLW from present light-water reactors (LWR). Additionally these systems represent advanced nuclear power concepts that have important features associated with integrated management of wastes, long-term fuel supplies, and enhanced safety. The first system is the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) concept. This system incorporates a metal-fueled fast reactor coupled with chemical separations based on pyroprocessing to produce power while simultaneously burning long-lived actinide waste. IFR applications include burning of actinides from current LWR spent fuel and energy production in a breeder environment. The second concept, Accelerator Transmutation of Waste (ATW), is based upon an accelerator-induced intense source of thermal neutrons and is aimed at destruction of long-lived actinides and fission products. This concept can be applied to long-lived radionuclides in spent fuel HLW as well as a future fission power source built around use of natural thorium or uranium as fuels coupled with concurrent waste destruction.
Nuclear Science
Author: United States. General Accounting OfficePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioactive waste disposal
Languages : en
Pages : 54
Book Description
Author: