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Author: K. Fujimoto Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080887708 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 457
Book Description
The spillover effect is one of the most promising factors in the enhancement of catalytic reaction rates. The spillover phenemenon was found in the 1960s by several research groups independently. It was defined at the previous International Symposium on Spillover as follows Spillover involves the transport of active species which are adsorbed or formed on a first phase onto another phase that does not adsorb or form the species under the same condition. However, this effect appears typically in the dynamic state, i.e., during reactions, which advance with a considerable reaction rate. This makes it difficult to elucidate the spillover effect through static methods. Therefore, more fundamental investigations are necessary. The development of alternative energy sources and protection of the environment demands highly selective and very rapid catalytic reactions at deviating conditions. To achieve these goals new concepts, such as the spillover effect, are needed. This proceedings book, which comprises 80 papers, contains methods for preparing catalysts in order to realize spillover effects and suggests the most probable mechanisms to explain these non-linear phenomena. It also contains studies on applications of the spillover effect to improve industrial catalytic processes. The book will be invaluable in the development of industrial catalysts and for solving energy and environmental protection problems.
Author: K. Fujimoto Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080887708 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 457
Book Description
The spillover effect is one of the most promising factors in the enhancement of catalytic reaction rates. The spillover phenemenon was found in the 1960s by several research groups independently. It was defined at the previous International Symposium on Spillover as follows Spillover involves the transport of active species which are adsorbed or formed on a first phase onto another phase that does not adsorb or form the species under the same condition. However, this effect appears typically in the dynamic state, i.e., during reactions, which advance with a considerable reaction rate. This makes it difficult to elucidate the spillover effect through static methods. Therefore, more fundamental investigations are necessary. The development of alternative energy sources and protection of the environment demands highly selective and very rapid catalytic reactions at deviating conditions. To achieve these goals new concepts, such as the spillover effect, are needed. This proceedings book, which comprises 80 papers, contains methods for preparing catalysts in order to realize spillover effects and suggests the most probable mechanisms to explain these non-linear phenomena. It also contains studies on applications of the spillover effect to improve industrial catalytic processes. The book will be invaluable in the development of industrial catalysts and for solving energy and environmental protection problems.
Author: Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080548512 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 357
Book Description
Since 1987, the Petroleum Division of the American Chemical Society (ACS) has sponsored at 3 year intervals an international symposium on fluid cracking catalysts (FCC) technology. This volume collects the recent progress of this technology as reported in the papers presented during the 232th National Meeting of the ACS in San Francisco, September 10-14, 2006.Sixty-six years after the introduction of the fluid cracking catalyst process, it remains the main process of gasoline generation for the estimated 237 millions cars on US roads. Catalysts testing and evaluation still remains a subject of interest, debate and controversy. Lambda sweep testing, testing of SOx, NOx and combustion promoters have been discussed in details together with catalyst evaluation for atmospheric residues and metal contaminated oils cracking.Of particular interest has been the introduction of novel concept in process design aimed at improving cracked product selectivity such as two-stage risers for better gasoline and olefins production and downer technology for high severity processes . The importance of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the study of crude oils, catalysts and reaction products are illustrated by several examples. Two contributions describe the use of predictive methods to understand FCC aging and deactivationand personal overviews of the development of SOx and combustion promoters technology are presented. * Presents findings from the tri-annual international symposium on fluid cracking catalysts (FCC) technology, sponsored by the Petroleum Division of the American Chemical Society (ACS) * Two contributions describe the use of predictive methods to understand FCC aging and deactivation* Personal overviews by the authors of the development of SOx and combustion promoters technology
Author: J. Oudar Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780824773380 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 356
Book Description
Deactivation and Poisoning of Catalysts presents the most current research in the area of heterogeneous catalysis. It focuses on the chemically induced effects associated with bonded surface species that cause catalyst activity decline -- and in some cases a change in catalyst specificity. In addition, this volume examines poisoning of dispersed metal catalysts ... the thermodynamics of sulfur-metal and carbon-metal interactions ... model poisoning reactions on single crystals ... deactivation in petroleum refining and petrochemical processes ... coking of metal catalysts ... and more. The new approaches and solutions to catalyst deactivation and poisoning presented in this guide are invaluable to all heterogeneous catalysis specialists, including chemical and petroleum engineers, and surface, synthetic, physical, and industrial chemists. Book jacket.
Author: Can Li Publisher: Elsevier Science Limited ISBN: 9780444823335 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 523
Book Description
This fourth spillover conference in Dalian exhibits advances and new results in spillover studies since 1993. In the proceedings, 5 invited lectures, 23 oral and 28 poster presentations are collected. In the 5 invited lectures, the active research areas are reviewed by well recognized scientists in the relevant fields. The first lecture highlights the fact that spillover plays a significant role in controlling the dynamic state of catalysts when it occurs in the catalytic process. The second lecture studies the surface mobility of oxygen and hydrogen using isotopic exchange method, and the impact of surface mobility on many catalytic processes is discussed. In the third paper the acidic functions of spilt-over hydrogen in a number of acid catalyzed reactions are well clarified. Subsequently, the fourth lecture explores electrochemically controlled spillover phenomenon over mm distances directly observed on metal catalysts. Finally, the last lecture reports the spontaneous dispersion of compounds onto supports and its importance in catalysis, and concludes that surface migration is a quite common process. The conference papers present a number of aspects of spillover studies, such as new spillover phenomena, new methods for spillover characterization, spillover effects in catalysis, etc. Studies on migration and mobility of surface species are also included in the conference topics, as it is believed that the migration of species is a more general phenomenon, and spillover can be considered as a special case of migration. The spillover of hydrogen and oxygen is the major issue at the conference, while the spillover of larger molecules are reported as well in some papers. Simulation and modeling of spillover and surface mobility are also a very interesting subject in the meeting.
Author: G.F. Froment Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080540295 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 663
Book Description
Reaction Kinetics and the Development and Operation of Catalytic Processes is a trendsetter. The Keynote Lectures have been authored by top scientists and cover a broad range of topics like fundamental aspects of surface chemistry, in particular dynamics and spillover, the modeling of reaction mechanisms, with special focus on the importance of transient experimentation and the application of kinetics in reactor design. Fundamental and applied kinetic studies are well represented. More than half of these deal with transient kinetics, a new trend made possible by recent sophisticated experimental equipment and the awareness that transient experimentation provides more information and insight into the microphenomena occurring on the catalyst surface than steady state techniques. The trend is not limited to purely kinetic studies since the great majority of the papers dealing with reactors also focus on transients and even deliberate transient operation. It is to be expected that this trend will continue and amplify as the community becomes more aware of the predictive potential of fundamental kinetics when combined with detailed realistic modeling of the reactor operation.
Author: K. Fujimoto
Author: K. Fujimoto
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Author: Calvin H. Bartholomew
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Author: J. Oudar
Author: Can Li
Author: G.F. Froment
Author: B. Viswanathan