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Author: Ghulam Md Ashraf Publisher: ISBN: 9781032439273 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"Human brain made up of billions of neurons; communicate with each other through chemical messengers which are referred to as neuroactive substances. These neuroactive substances include neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, neurohormones and neuromodulators. Some neurotransmitters also act as neuromodulators and neurohormones. It would be cynical if there will ever be general covenant about the meanings of these neuroactive substances including neurotransmitters since the term neurotransmitter has traditionally been used very loosely indeed which includes neurotransmitters, neurohormones, neuromodulators and neuromodulators. Any alterations in functioning of these neuroactive substances can cause diseases. The brain is the ultimate center that regulates all neurological and behavioral aspects of body through neuronal communications mediated via various neurochemicals as discussed above. Thus, neurologic and psychiatric disorders in most cases are result of disturbed neurochemical balance. Besides the multifaceted involvement of billions of neuronal cells, CNS is a complex organization with its diverse number of neurotransmitter systems as compared to autonomic nervous system, in which the parasympathetic system works on "rest and digest" phenomenon and sympathetic system on "fight or flight" phenomenon. There are more than 20 neurotransmitter systems and multiple receptors for each neurotransmitter as discussed in above sections. Any alterations in neurochemical balance are expressed in the form of neurological or psychiatric disorders like epilepsy, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease, psychosis, depression, etc. Acetylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-HT are of utmost importance amongst neurotransmitters for their profound role in pathogenesis of various neurologic and psychiatric disorders in humans. Yet, the involvement of various proteins and peptides such as neurotrophic factors, growth factors, and endogenous chemical compounds cannot be ignored. Day by day the suffering of people owing to imbalance of neurotransmitter is increasing. Various factors for example, stress, diet, genetics and disclosure to toxins such as alcohol and nicotine are liable for this imbalance. This imbalance may progress thoughtful mental health complaints. The main purpose of this book is to give the comprehensive overview of the neurological diseases associated with neurochemical imbalances. This book will be very effective for readers to get complete idea about neuronal signaling and linked neurological disorders as well as current status and future opportunities and challenges. It will provide a brief account of neurotransmission, as either a study or high-yield revision aid"--
Author: Ghulam Md Ashraf Publisher: ISBN: 9781032439273 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"Human brain made up of billions of neurons; communicate with each other through chemical messengers which are referred to as neuroactive substances. These neuroactive substances include neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, neurohormones and neuromodulators. Some neurotransmitters also act as neuromodulators and neurohormones. It would be cynical if there will ever be general covenant about the meanings of these neuroactive substances including neurotransmitters since the term neurotransmitter has traditionally been used very loosely indeed which includes neurotransmitters, neurohormones, neuromodulators and neuromodulators. Any alterations in functioning of these neuroactive substances can cause diseases. The brain is the ultimate center that regulates all neurological and behavioral aspects of body through neuronal communications mediated via various neurochemicals as discussed above. Thus, neurologic and psychiatric disorders in most cases are result of disturbed neurochemical balance. Besides the multifaceted involvement of billions of neuronal cells, CNS is a complex organization with its diverse number of neurotransmitter systems as compared to autonomic nervous system, in which the parasympathetic system works on "rest and digest" phenomenon and sympathetic system on "fight or flight" phenomenon. There are more than 20 neurotransmitter systems and multiple receptors for each neurotransmitter as discussed in above sections. Any alterations in neurochemical balance are expressed in the form of neurological or psychiatric disorders like epilepsy, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease, psychosis, depression, etc. Acetylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-HT are of utmost importance amongst neurotransmitters for their profound role in pathogenesis of various neurologic and psychiatric disorders in humans. Yet, the involvement of various proteins and peptides such as neurotrophic factors, growth factors, and endogenous chemical compounds cannot be ignored. Day by day the suffering of people owing to imbalance of neurotransmitter is increasing. Various factors for example, stress, diet, genetics and disclosure to toxins such as alcohol and nicotine are liable for this imbalance. This imbalance may progress thoughtful mental health complaints. The main purpose of this book is to give the comprehensive overview of the neurological diseases associated with neurochemical imbalances. This book will be very effective for readers to get complete idea about neuronal signaling and linked neurological disorders as well as current status and future opportunities and challenges. It will provide a brief account of neurotransmission, as either a study or high-yield revision aid"--
Author: Ghulam Md Ashraf Publisher: ISBN: 9780429265198 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Human brain made up of billions of neurons; communicate with each other through chemical messengers which are referred to as neuroactive substances. These neuroactive substances include neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, neurohormones and neuromodulators. Some neurotransmitters also act as neuromodulators and neurohormones. It would be cynical if there will ever be general covenant about the meanings of these neuroactive substances including neurotransmitters since the term neurotransmitter has traditionally been used very loosely indeed which includes neurotransmitters, neurohormones, neuromodulators and neuromodulators. Any alterations in functioning of these neuroactive substances can cause diseases. The brain is the ultimate center that regulates all neurological and behavioral aspects of body through neuronal communications mediated via various neurochemicals as discussed above. Thus, neurologic and psychiatric disorders in most cases are result of disturbed neurochemical balance. Besides the multifaceted involvement of billions of neuronal cells, CNS is a complex organization with its diverse number of neurotransmitter systems as compared to autonomic nervous system, in which the parasympathetic system works on "rest and digest" phenomenon and sympathetic system on "fight or flight" phenomenon. There are more than 20 neurotransmitter systems and multiple receptors for each neurotransmitter as discussed in above sections. Any alterations in neurochemical balance are expressed in the form of neurological or psychiatric disorders like epilepsy, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease, psychosis, depression, etc. Acetylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-HT are of utmost importance amongst neurotransmitters for their profound role in pathogenesis of various neurologic and psychiatric disorders in humans. Yet, the involvement of various proteins and peptides such as neurotrophic factors, growth factors, and endogenous chemical compounds cannot be ignored. Day by day the suffering of people owing to imbalance of neurotransmitter is increasing. Various factors for example, stress, diet, genetics and disclosure to toxins such as alcohol and nicotine are liable for this imbalance. This imbalance may progress thoughtful mental health complaints. The main purpose of this book is to give the comprehensive overview of the neurological diseases associated with neurochemical imbalances. This book will be very effective for readers to get complete idea about neuronal signaling and linked neurological disorders as well as current status and future opportunities and challenges. It will provide a brief account of neurotransmission, as either a study or high-yield revision aid.
Author: Ghulam Md Ashraf Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429560214 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 633
Book Description
The human brain is made up of billions of neurons that communicate with each other through chemical messengers, which are referred to as neuroactive substances. These neuroactive substances include neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neurohormones. Some neurotransmitters also act as neuromodulators and neurohormones. It is unlikely that there would ever be a consensus about the meanings of these neuroactive substances, including neurotransmitters, since the term ‘neurotransmitter’ has traditionally been used very loosely indeed, to include neurotransmitters, neurohormones, and neuromodulators. Any alterations in the functioning of these neuroactive substances can cause diseases. The brain is the ultimate center that regulates all neurological and behavioral aspects of the body through neuronal communications mediated via various neurochemicals. Thus, neurological and psychiatric disorders are, in most cases, the result of disturbed neurochemical balance. Besides the multifaceted involvement of billions of neuronal cells, the central nervous system is a complex organization with a diverse number of neurotransmitter systems, as compared to the autonomic nervous system, in which the parasympathetic system works on the ‘rest and digest’ phenomenon, and the sympathetic system works on the ‘fight or flight’ phenomenon. There are more than 20 neurotransmitter systems and multiple receptors for each neurotransmitter. Any alterations in neurochemical balance are expressed in the form of neurological or psychiatric disorders such as epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, psychosis, depression, etc. Acetylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine, and 5-HT are of the utmost importance among neurotransmitters for their profound role in the pathogenesis of various neurological and psychiatric disorders in humans. Yet the involvement of various proteins and peptides, such as neurotrophic factors, growth factors, and endogenous chemical compounds, cannot be ignored. Day by day, the suffering of people due to an imbalance of neurotransmitters is increasing. Various factors, for example stress, diet, genetics, and toxins such as alcohol and nicotine, contribute to this imbalance. This imbalance may lead to mental health complaints. The main purpose of this book is to give a comprehensive overview of the neurological diseases associated with neurochemical imbalances. This book will help readers gain a comprehensive understanding of neuronal signaling and related neurological disorders, as well as status and future opportunities and challenges. It will provide a brief account of neurotransmission, as either a study or high-yield revision aid.
Author: R. Wayne Albers Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0080959016 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1121
Book Description
Basic Neurochemistry, Eighth Edition, is the updated version of the outstanding and comprehensive classic text on neurochemistry. For more than forty years, this text has been the worldwide standard for information on the biochemistry of the nervous system, serving as a resource for postgraduate trainees and teachers in neurology, psychiatry, and basic neuroscience, as well as for medical, graduate, and postgraduate students and instructors in the neurosciences. The text has evolved, as intended, with the science. This new edition continues to cover the basics of neurochemistry as in the earlier editions, along with expanded and additional coverage of new research from intracellular trafficking, stem cells, adult neurogenesis, regeneration, and lipid messengers. It contains expanded coverage of all major neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, including the neurochemistry of addiction, pain, and hearing and balance; the neurobiology of learning and memory; sleep; myelin structure, development, and disease; autism; and neuroimmunology. Completely updated text with new authors and material, and many entirely new chapters Over 400 fully revised figures in splendid color 61 chapters covering the range of cellular, molecular and medical neuroscience Translational science boxes emphasizing the connections between basic and clinical neuroscience Companion website at http://elsevierdirect.com/companions/9780123749475
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309212219 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 74
Book Description
Glutamate is the most pervasive neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite this fact, no validated biological markers, or biomarkers, currently exist for measuring glutamate pathology in CNS disorders or injuries. Glutamate dysfunction has been associated with an extensive range of nervous system diseases and disorders. Problems with how the neurotransmitter glutamate functions in the brain have been linked to a wide variety of disorders, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, substance abuse, and traumatic brain injury. These conditions are widespread, affecting a large portion of the United States population, and remain difficult to treat. Efforts to understand, treat, and prevent glutamate-related disorders can be aided by the identification of valid biomarkers. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders held a workshop on June 21-22, 2010, to explore ways to accelerate the development, validation, and implementation of such biomarkers. Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System: Workshop Summary investigates promising current and emerging technologies, and outlines strategies to procure resources and tools to advance drug development for associated nervous system disorders. Moreover, this report highlights presentations by expert panelists, and the open panel discussions that occurred during the workshop.
Author: National Academy of Sciences Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309045290 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 195
Book Description
The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
Author: Jian-Sheng Lin Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889194345 Category : Brain Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
Brain aminergic pathways are organized in parallel and interacting systems, which support a range of functions, from homoeostatic regulations to cognitive, and motivational processes. Despite overlapping functional influences, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline and histamine systems provide different contributions to these processes. The histaminergic system, long ignored as a major regulator of the sleep-wake cycle, has now been fully acknowledged also as a major coordinator of attention, learning and memory, decision making. Although histaminergic neurons project widely to the whole brain, they are functionally heterogeneous, a feature which may provide the substrate for differential regulation, in a region-specific manner, of other neurotransmitter systems. Neurochemical preclinical studies have clearly shown that histamine interacts and modulates the release of neurotransmitters that are recognized as major modulators of cognitive processing and motivated behaviours. As a consequence, the histamine system has been proposed as a therapeutic target to treat sleep-wake disorders and cognitive dysfunctions that accompany neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathologies. Last decades have witnessed an unexpected explosion of interest in brain histamine system, as new receptors have been discovered and selective ligands synthesised. Nevertheless, the complete picture of the histamine systems fine-tuning and its orchestration with other pathways remains rather elusive. This Research Topic is intended to offer an inter-disciplinary forum that will improve our current understanding of the role of brain histamine and provide the fundamentals necessary to drive innovation in clinical practice and to improve the management and treatment of neurological disorders.
Author: Davide Martino Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0197543219 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 577
Book Description
Tourette syndrome (TS) has become increasingly recognised within society and has gained scientific interest worldwide. Knowledge of its clinical presentation, mechanisms of disease, and available treatment approaches has increased remarkably over the last two decades. Likewise, the way clinicians, teachers, social care workers, and families face the problems manifested by patients with TS is rapidly evolving. Tourette Syndrome, edited by Davide Martino and James F. Leckman, offers a unique opportunity to capture this knowledge advance through a comprehensive and up-to-date overview. Tourette Syndrome covers all the main aspects related to TS, analyzing its complex clinical presentation, the novel viewpoints of causes and mechanisms, state-of-the-art assessment techniques, and the diversity of treatment options. Multidisciplinarity is the main asset of this volume, which represents a source of consultation for a wide audience of professionals, integrated with video tutorials related to particularly complex areas of patient management. Medical and PhD students, as well as post-doctoral scientists, will be able to use the volume as a valuable learning source.
Author: Laurival Antonio De Luca Jr. Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1466506938 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 340
Book Description
A timely symposium entitled Body-Fluid Homeostasis: Transduction and Integration was held at Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil in 2011. This meeting was convened as an official satellite of a joint gathering of the International Society for Autonomic Neuroscience (ISAN) and the American Autonomic Society (AAS) held in Buzios, Rio de Janeiro. Broad international participation at this event generated stimulating discussion among the invited speakers, leading to the publication of Neurobiology of Body Fluid Homeostasis: Transduction and Integration. Drawn from the proceedings and filled with rich examples of integrative neurobiology and regulatory physiology, this volume: Provides updated research using human and animal models for the control of bodily fluids, thirst, and salt appetite Explores neural and endocrine control of body fluid balance, arterial pressure, thermoregulation, and ingestive behavior Discusses recent developments in molecular genetics, cell biology, and behavioral plasticity Reviews key aspects of brain serotonin and steroid and peptide control of fluid consumption and arterial pressure The book highlights research conducted by leading scientists on signal transduction and sensory afferent mechanisms, molecular genetics, perinatal and adult long-term influences on regulation, central neural integrative circuitry, and autonomic/neuroendocrine effector systems. The findings discussed by the learned contributors are relevant for a basic understanding of disorders such as heat injury, hypertension, and excess salt intake. A unique reference on the neurobiology of body fluid homeostasis, this volume is certain to fuel additional research and stimulate further debate on the topic.
Author: Federico Bermudez-Rattoni Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420008412 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 368
Book Description
A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq
Author: Ghulam Md Ashraf
Author: Ghulam Md Ashraf
Author: Ghulam Md Ashraf
Author: Ghulam Md Ashraf
Author: R. Wayne Albers
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: National Academy of Sciences
Author: Jian-Sheng Lin
Author: Davide Martino
Author: Laurival Antonio De Luca Jr.
Author: Federico Bermudez-Rattoni