Neurobiology of Addiction and Co-Morbid Disorders PDF Download

Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128203560
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 490

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Book Description
Neurobiology of Addiction and Comorbid Disorders, Volume 156, in the International Review of Neurobiology series, highlights new advances in the field of neurobiology, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics such as Pain + Alcohol, Pain + Opioids, Traumatic Stress + Alcohol, Traumatic Stress + Cannabinoids, Traumatic Brain Injury and the Misuse of Alcohol, Opioids, and Cannabis, Depression + Addiction, Microbiome/cytokines + Addiction, Cognitive disorders + Alcohol, Neural stem cells, Neurogenesis and Addiction, Food Addiction, and Poly-drug Addiction. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the International Review of Neurobiology series Updated release includes the latest information on the Neurobiology of Addiction and Co-Morbid Disorders

Author: Jung-Seok Choi
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889457982
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 187

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Book Description
Some classes of behaviors, including gambling, Internet gaming, and sexual behaviors, may lead to compulsive engagement for a minority of individuals. In extreme cases where individuals may feel unable to control these behaviors without external influence, these behaviors may be considered non-substance or behavioral addictions. Many such behaviors may occur predominantly online, such as gaming, social media, shopping, and pornography, and may be driven by constant accessibility via smartphone and other mobile device technologies. This Research Topic presents diverse papers on neurobiological evidence of behavioral addictions, encompassing gambling disorder, Internet-based disorders, including Internet gaming disorder and smartphone addiction, and compulsive sexual behaviors.

Author: Nicholas W Gilpin
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889194574
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 185

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Book Description
Addiction to drugs and alcohol is a dynamic and multi-faceted disease process in humans, with devastating health and financial consequences for the individual and society-at-large. In humans, drug and alcohol use disorders (i.e., abuse and dependence) are defined by clusters of behavioral symptoms that can be modeled to various degrees in animals. Hallmark behavioral symptoms associated with drug and alcohol dependence are compulsive drug use, loss of control during episodes of drug use, the emergence of a negative emotional state in the absence of the drug, and chronic relapse vulnerability during drug abstinence. The transition to drug dependence is defined by neuroadaptations in brain circuits that, in the absence of drugs, mediate a variety of critical behavioral and physiological processes including natural reward, positive and negative emotional states, nociception, and feeding. Chronic drug exposure during the transition to dependence spurs (1) within-systems changes in neural circuits that contribute to the acute rewarding effects of the drug and (2) recruitment of brain stress systems (neuroendocrine and extra-hypothalamic). There are substantial genetic contributions to the propensity to use and abuse drugs, and drug abuse is highly co-morbid with various other psychiatric conditions (e.g., anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder) that may precede or follow the development of drug use problems. Across drugs of abuse, there are overlapping and dissociable aspects of the behavioral and neural changes that define the transition to dependence. Even within a single drug, people abuse drugs for a variety of reasons. The picture is further complicated by the fact that humans often abuse more than one drug concurrently. Even in the face of these challenges, pre-clinical and clinical research is making exponential gains into understanding the neurobiology of drug addiction. With the advent of new technologies and their combination with traditional approaches, the field is able to ask and answer addiction-related research questions in increasingly sophisticated ways. Here, we hope to assemble a collection of articles that provide an up-to-the-moment snapshot of the prevailing empirical, theoretical and technical directions in the addiction research field. We encourage submissions from all investigators working to understand the neurobiology of addiction, especially as it pertains to reward and stress pathways in the brain.

Author: Tricia L. Chandler
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000562107
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 379

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Book Description
This textbook details how mental health and addiction are interconnected through childhood trauma, how this affects neurobiology and neuropsychology, and the need for an integrated whole-person treatment for those of diverse backgrounds to enhance treatment outcomes. Using an integrative pedagogy, the book helps readers broaden their understanding of co-occurring disorders through case studies, learning objectives, key terms, quiz questions, suggested resources, and references. By linking to previous knowledge and suggesting practical applications, each chapter provides clear direction for learning more about each treatment approach, diagnosis, and population discussed within the multicultural and biopsychosocial perspective. Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders will help graduate students in both substance use and mental health counseling make sense of integrative treatment with co-occurring disorders.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309439124
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 171

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Book Description
Estimates indicate that as many as 1 in 4 Americans will experience a mental health problem or will misuse alcohol or drugs in their lifetimes. These disorders are among the most highly stigmatized health conditions in the United States, and they remain barriers to full participation in society in areas as basic as education, housing, and employment. Improving the lives of people with mental health and substance abuse disorders has been a priority in the United States for more than 50 years. The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 is considered a major turning point in America's efforts to improve behavioral healthcare. It ushered in an era of optimism and hope and laid the groundwork for the consumer movement and new models of recovery. The consumer movement gave voice to people with mental and substance use disorders and brought their perspectives and experience into national discussions about mental health. However over the same 50-year period, positive change in American public attitudes and beliefs about mental and substance use disorders has lagged behind these advances. Stigma is a complex social phenomenon based on a relationship between an attribute and a stereotype that assigns undesirable labels, qualities, and behaviors to a person with that attribute. Labeled individuals are then socially devalued, which leads to inequality and discrimination. This report contributes to national efforts to understand and change attitudes, beliefs and behaviors that can lead to stigma and discrimination. Changing stigma in a lasting way will require coordinated efforts, which are based on the best possible evidence, supported at the national level with multiyear funding, and planned and implemented by an effective coalition of representative stakeholders. Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders: The Evidence for Stigma Change explores stigma and discrimination faced by individuals with mental or substance use disorders and recommends effective strategies for reducing stigma and encouraging people to seek treatment and other supportive services. It offers a set of conclusions and recommendations about successful stigma change strategies and the research needed to inform and evaluate these efforts in the United States.

Author: Thomas E Schlaepfer
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444520023
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 781

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Book Description
This new volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology presents a comprehensive review of the fundamental science and clinical treatment of psychiatric disorders. Advances in neuroscience have allowed for dramatic advances in the understanding of psychiatric disorders and treatment. Brain disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia, are the leading cause of disability worldwide. It is estimated that over 25% of the adult population in North America are diagnosed yearly with at least one mental disorder and similar results hold for Europe. Now that neurology and psychiatry agree that all mental disorders are in fact, "brain diseases," this volume provides a foundational introduction to the science defining these disorders and details best practices for psychiatric treatment. Provides a comprehensive review of the scientific foundations of psychiatric disorders and psychiatric treatment Includes detailed results from genetics, molecular biology, brain imaging, and neuropathological, immunological, epidemiological, metabolic, therapeutic and historical aspects of the major psychiatric disorders A "must have" reference and resource for neuroscientists, neurologists, psychiatrists, and clinical psychologists as well as all research scientists investigating disorders of the brain

Author: Pascual Ángel Gargiulo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783031722189
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This book offers a multidisciplinary approach to the phenomenon of addiction, including a discussion of its anthropological, neurological, and social aspects. The editors have maintained this multidisciplinary criterion since the first volume of the Psychiatry and Neuroscience Update collection. Approaching a topic from multiple points of view guides the mentality to open to biological and psychological relationships and facilitates translational extrapolations. The ability to establish relationships, closer or more distant, but always binding, is thus stimulated, whether for study, research or the interpretation of clinical reality. As in previous volumes, the book begins with a section dedicated to anthropological and philosophical aspects, thus ensuring the validity of the humanistic aspect. The subjects of intersubjectivity, epistemological reflections, the meaning of ecstasy, and philosophical reflection leading to therapy are explored. In the second section of the book—From Basic Neurosciences to Human Brain—a set of basic investigations with high translational content is presented. This corresponds with the editors’ intention to build bridges, here between the basic and the clinical, favoring the translational. The chapters of this section present here topics of interest to both fields, such as the neurobiology of addictions, cocaine, benzodiazepines, the endocannabinoid system, and the relationship between cannabis and with endocannabinoids. Section 3, Neurosciences, Learning, Teaching, and the Role of Social Environment attempts to establish links between neurosciences, learning, teaching, and the social environment. The section begins with a chapter on executive functioning before discussing excessive use of computer and mobile screen technology and educational prevention provisions for patients with alcohol addiction. The fourth part of the book attempts to explain pathological human behavior. It is about establishing links between brain disorders and diseases in the strict sense. Amongst others, chapters deal with cognitive dysfunction in addiction, adolescent binge drinking and drug abuse, neuroimaging, comorbid ADHD and substance use disorders, and the stigma around substance use disorders. Psychiatry and Neuroscience Update: Addiction: From Laboratory and Anthropology to Clinical Practice – Vol. V was edited and authored by a multidisciplinary group of authors and will be vital for an equally multidisciplinary group of readers. Psychiatrists, psychologists, neuroscientists, and any other clinician or researcher that is interested in addictions. Those in the humanities, particularly anthropologists and philosophers, will find the first section of great interest.

Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309178282
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 128

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Book Description
Biomarkers, or biological markers, are quantitative measurements that offer researchers and clinicians valuable insight into diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for many disorders and diseases. A major goal in neuroscience medical research is establishing biomarkers for disorders of the nervous system. Given the promising potential and necessity for neuroscience biomarkers, the Institute of Medicine Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders convened a public workshop and released the workshop summary entitled Neuroscience Biomarkers and Biosignatures: Converging Technologies, Emerging Partnerships. The workshop brought together experts from multiple areas to discuss the most promising and practical arenas in neuroscience in which biomarkers will have the greatest impact. The main objective of the workshop was to identify and discuss biomarker targets that are not currently being aggressively pursued but that could have the greatest near-term impact on the rate at which new treatments are brought forward for psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Author: Ashok K. Singh
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128196807
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 364

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Book Description
According to the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 14.4 million adults aged 18 and older had alcohol use disorder (AUD). Mixing alcohol with other drugs such as opioids or cocaine has become an emerging trend, exacerbating public health concerns and may synergistically augment the seriousness of the adverse effects such as withdrawal symptoms, cardiovascular disorders, liver damage, reproductive abnormalities, and behavioral abnormalities. Despite the seriousness of the situation, possible mechanisms underlying the addiction and the withdrawal symptoms is not yet understood. This has been one of the key hindrances in developing effective treatment. Neurobiology of Alcohol and the Brain addresses the addiction-related problems reviewing both the mechanisms and withdrawal system with alcohol addiction. First, the book discusses the mechanisms of the rewarding and aversive effects, including addiction and the withdrawal symptoms of alcohol drinking. Next, alcohol's interaction with other drugs and ensuing adverse consequences is discussed including current and novel treatments against alcoholism. This is followed by a closer look at mental health and alcohol use disorder comorbidity. Lastly, the reader is provided with examples of an experimental study that describes possible protective effects of gold nanoparticles against alcohol addiction in rats subjected to alcohol self-administration. Neurobiology of Alcohol and the Brain will unlock the mechanistic diversities of alcoholism helping to facilitate future developments of new, personalized treatment options for patients suffering from alcohol addiction. Provides an exhaustive overview of neurobiology of alcohol addiction, including significant recent advances Discusses the mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of alcohol-drug mixtures Includes recent experimental studies on gold nanoparticles

Author: Jonathan D. Avery
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030864308
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 137

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Book Description
This book provides an accessible, up-to-date understanding of how to treat patients with substance and non-substance-related addiction. It covers all the typical substance and non-substance use disorders and presents evidence in a case-based format. Concise and comprehensive, opening chapters relay a preliminary assessment of addiction disorders and their neurobiology. Subsequent chapters then offer specific treatment options, challenges, and cases relating to the abuse of distinct substances. The substances mentioned earlier include alcohol, opioids, stimulants, hallucinogens, and sedatives. Additionally, one chapter covers the unique issues associated with treating behavioral addictions, such as sex and gambling. Each chapter will outline cases in a fashion that will optimize the reader's experience. In closing, the book examines co-occurring substance use disorders and mental illness. An invaluable addition to the Psychiatry Update Series, Addiction Medicine is an essential reference for mental health clinicians, as well as primary care and family medicine clinicians.