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Author: Trang Tran Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 109
Book Description
Prosody comprises aspects of speech that communicate information beyond written words related to syntax, sentiment, intent, discourse, and comprehension. Decades of research have confirmed the importance of prosody in human speech perception and production, yet spoken language technology has made limited use of prosodic information. This limitation is due to several reasons. Words (written or transcribed) are often treated as discrete units while speech signals are continuous, which makes it challenging to combine these two modalities appropriately in spoken language systems. In addition, as variable as text can often be, text has fewer sources of variation than speech. Different meanings of a written or transcribed sentence can be communicated through punctuation, but a sentence can be spoken in many more ways, where prosody is often essential in conveying information not reflected in the word sequence. Moreover, given the highly variable nature of speech, most successful systems require a lot of data that covers these different aspects, which in turn requires powerful computing technology that was not available until recently. Given these challenges, and taking advantage of the recent advances in both the speech processing and natural language processing communities, this work aims to develop new mechanisms for integrating prosody in spoken language systems, using spontaneous and expressive speech. This thesis focuses on two language understanding tasks: (a) constituency parsing (identifying the syntactic structure of a sentence), motivated by the fact that prosodic boundaries align with constituent boundaries, and (b) dialog act recognition (identifying the segmentation and intents of utterances in discourse), motivated by the fact that prosodic boundaries signal dialog act boundaries, and intonational cues help disambiguate intents. Both parsing and dialog act recognition are important components of spoken language systems. This work makes several contributions. From the modeling perspective, we propose a method for integrating prosody effectively in spoken language understanding systems, which is shown empirically to advance the state of the art in parsing and dialog act recognition tasks. Further, our methods can be extended to other spoken language processing tasks. Through many experiments and analyses, our work contributes to a better understanding and design of language systems. Finally, speech understanding has broad impact on many areas, as it facilitates accessibility and allows for more natural human-computer interactions in education, health care, elder care, and AI-assisted domains in general.
Author: Trang Tran Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 109
Book Description
Prosody comprises aspects of speech that communicate information beyond written words related to syntax, sentiment, intent, discourse, and comprehension. Decades of research have confirmed the importance of prosody in human speech perception and production, yet spoken language technology has made limited use of prosodic information. This limitation is due to several reasons. Words (written or transcribed) are often treated as discrete units while speech signals are continuous, which makes it challenging to combine these two modalities appropriately in spoken language systems. In addition, as variable as text can often be, text has fewer sources of variation than speech. Different meanings of a written or transcribed sentence can be communicated through punctuation, but a sentence can be spoken in many more ways, where prosody is often essential in conveying information not reflected in the word sequence. Moreover, given the highly variable nature of speech, most successful systems require a lot of data that covers these different aspects, which in turn requires powerful computing technology that was not available until recently. Given these challenges, and taking advantage of the recent advances in both the speech processing and natural language processing communities, this work aims to develop new mechanisms for integrating prosody in spoken language systems, using spontaneous and expressive speech. This thesis focuses on two language understanding tasks: (a) constituency parsing (identifying the syntactic structure of a sentence), motivated by the fact that prosodic boundaries align with constituent boundaries, and (b) dialog act recognition (identifying the segmentation and intents of utterances in discourse), motivated by the fact that prosodic boundaries signal dialog act boundaries, and intonational cues help disambiguate intents. Both parsing and dialog act recognition are important components of spoken language systems. This work makes several contributions. From the modeling perspective, we propose a method for integrating prosody effectively in spoken language understanding systems, which is shown empirically to advance the state of the art in parsing and dialog act recognition tasks. Further, our methods can be extended to other spoken language processing tasks. Through many experiments and analyses, our work contributes to a better understanding and design of language systems. Finally, speech understanding has broad impact on many areas, as it facilitates accessibility and allows for more natural human-computer interactions in education, health care, elder care, and AI-assisted domains in general.
Author: Yoshinori Sagisaka Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461222583 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 405
Book Description
This book presents a collection of papers from the Spring 1995 Work shop on Computational Approaches to Processing the Prosody of Spon taneous Speech, hosted by the ATR Interpreting Telecommunications Re search Laboratories in Kyoto, Japan. The workshop brought together lead ing researchers in the fields of speech and signal processing, electrical en gineering, psychology, and linguistics, to discuss aspects of spontaneous speech prosody and to suggest approaches to its computational analysis and modelling. The book is divided into four sections. Part I gives an overview and theoretical background to the nature of spontaneous speech, differentiating it from the lab-speech that has been the focus of so many earlier analyses. Part II focuses on the prosodic features of discourse and the structure of the spoken message, Part ilIon the generation and modelling of prosody for computer speech synthesis. Part IV discusses how prosodic information can be used in the context of automatic speech recognition. Each section of the book starts with an invited overview paper to situate the chapters in the context of current research. We feel that this collection of papers offers interesting insights into the scope and nature of the problems concerned with the computational analysis and modelling of real spontaneous speech, and expect that these works will not only form the basis of further developments in each field but also merge to form an integrated computational model of prosody for a better understanding of human processing of the complex interactions of the speech chain.
Author: Alp Öktem Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 138
Book Description
In this dissertation, I study the inclusion of prosody into two applications that involve speech understanding:̃automatic speech transcription and spoken language translation. In the former case, I propose a method that uses an attention mechanism over parallel sequences of prosodic and morphosyntactic features. Results indicate an $F_1$ score of 70.3\% in terms of overall punctuation generation accuracy. In the latter problem I deal with enhancing spoken language translation with prosody. A neural machine translation system trained with movie-domain data is adapted with pause features using a prosodically annotated bilingual dataset. Results show that prosodic punctuation generation as a preliminary step to translation increases translation accuracy by 1\% in terms of BLEU scores. Encoding pauses as an extra encoding feature gives an additional 1\% increase to this number. The system is further extended to jointly predict pause features in order to be used as an input to a text-to-speech system.
Author: Ralf Kompe Publisher: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence ISBN: Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 408
Book Description
This collection of comprehensive reviews describes the present knowledge of the enzyme mechanisms involved in the biodegradation of wood and wood components, cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin by both fungi and bacteria. The extensive knowledge, presented in this volume, was developed in laboratories world-wide over the last few decades and constitutes the foundation for present and future biotechnology in the pulp and paper industry.
Author: Bernd J. Kröger Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9783030158521 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This book explores the processes of spoken language production and perception from a neurobiological perspective. After presenting the basics of speech processing and speech acquisition, a neurobiologically-inspired and computer-implemented neural model is described, which simulates the neural processes of speech processing and speech acquisition. This book is an introduction to the field and aimed at students and scientists in neuroscience, computer science, medicine, psychology and linguistics.
Author: Andrew Lee Maas Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Spoken language is an increasingly pervasive interface choice as computing devices permeate many aspects of daily life. Automatically understanding spoken language poses significant challenges because it requires both converting a speech signal into words and extracting meaning from the words themselves. Spoken language understanding tasks can roughly be broken into distinct components which perform (1) low-level processing of the audio signal, (2) speech transcription, and (3) natural language understanding. We describe approaches to improving individual components for each sub-task associated with spoken language understanding. Our methods primarily rely on machine-learning-based approaches to replace hand-engineered approaches and consistently find that learning from data with minimal assumptions about a problem results in improved performance. In particular, we focus on neural network approaches to problems. Neural networks have seen a recent resurgence of interest thanks to their ability to scale to learn increasingly complex functions when more data becomes available. Neural networks have recently driven tremendous progress in the field of computer vision, where many tasks easily translate into classification and regression problems. In spoken language understanding, however, it is more difficult to define tasks which are easily formalized into problems for a neural network to solve. Our work integrates with these complex systems and shows that, like in computer vision, neural networks can significantly improve spoken language understanding systems.
Author: K. Sreenivasa Rao Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461413389 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 136
Book Description
Predicting Prosody from Text for Text-to-Speech Synthesis covers the specific aspects of prosody, mainly focusing on how to predict the prosodic information from linguistic text, and then how to exploit the predicted prosodic knowledge for various speech applications. Author K. Sreenivasa Rao discusses proposed methods along with state-of-the-art techniques for the acquisition and incorporation of prosodic knowledge for developing speech systems. Positional, contextual and phonological features are proposed for representing the linguistic and production constraints of the sound units present in the text. This book is intended for graduate students and researchers working in the area of speech processing.
Author: Gerard Chollet Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540274413 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 444
Book Description
This book presents the revised tutorial lectures given at the International Summer School on Nonlinear Speech Processing-Algorithms and Analysis held in Vietri sul Mare, Salerno, Italy in September 2004. The 14 revised tutorial lectures by leading international researchers are organized in topical sections on dealing with nonlinearities in speech signals, acoustic-to-articulatory modeling of speech phenomena, data driven and speech processing algorithms, and algorithms and models based on speech perception mechanisms. Besides the tutorial lectures, 15 revised reviewed papers are included presenting original research results on task oriented speech applications.
Author: Hervé A. Bourlard Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9780792393962 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 358
Book Description
Connectionist Speech Recognition: A Hybrid Approach describes the theory and implementation of a method to incorporate neural network approaches into state of the art continuous speech recognition systems based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) to improve their performance. In this framework, neural networks (and in particular, multilayer perceptrons or MLPs) have been restricted to well-defined subtasks of the whole system, i.e. HMM emission probability estimation and feature extraction. The book describes a successful five-year international collaboration between the authors. The lessons learned form a case study that demonstrates how hybrid systems can be developed to combine neural networks with more traditional statistical approaches. The book illustrates both the advantages and limitations of neural networks in the framework of a statistical systems. Using standard databases and comparison with some conventional approaches, it is shown that MLP probability estimation can improve recognition performance. Other approaches are discussed, though there is no such unequivocal experimental result for these methods. Connectionist Speech Recognition is of use to anyone intending to use neural networks for speech recognition or within the framework provided by an existing successful statistical approach. This includes research and development groups working in the field of speech recognition, both with standard and neural network approaches, as well as other pattern recognition and/or neural network researchers. The book is also suitable as a text for advanced courses on neural networks or speech processing.
Author: Steven Greenberg Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1135624917 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 442
Book Description
The human species is largely defined by its use of spoken language, so integral is speech communication to behavior and social interaction. Despite its importance in everyday life, comparatively little is known about the auditory mechanisms that underlie the ability to understand language. The current volume examines the perception and processing of speech from the perspective of the hearing system. The chapters in this book describe a comprehensive set of approaches to the scientific study of speech and hearing, ranging from anatomy and physiology, to psychophysics and perception, and computational modeling. The auditory basis of speech is examined within a biological and an evolutionary context, and its relevance to applied domains such as communication disorders and speech technology discussed in detail. This volume will be of interest to scientists, engineers, and clinicians whose professional work pertains to any aspect of spoken language or hearing science.
Author: Trang Tran
Author: Trang Tran
Author: Yoshinori Sagisaka
Author: Alp Öktem
Author: Ralf Kompe
Author: Bernd J. Kröger
Author: Andrew Lee Maas
Author: K. Sreenivasa Rao
Author: Gerard Chollet
Author: Hervé A. Bourlard
Author: Steven Greenberg