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Author: Geoff Krall Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1003839835 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 362
Book Description
During his years working as an instructional coach for a national network of schools, Geoff Krall had the chance to witness several inspirational moments when math class comes alive for middle or high school students - when it is challenging but also fun, creative, and interactive. In Necessary Conditions: Teaching Secondary Math with Academic Safety, Quality Tasks, and Effective Facilitation, Krall documents the essential ingredients that produce these sorts of moments on a regular basis and for all students. They are Academic Safety, Quality Tasks, and Effective Facilitation. Academic Safety: Krall implements equitable classroom experiences that help fight stigmas associated with race and gender in schools. This allows students to feel socially and emotionally secure while nurturing their identities as mathematicians and increasing engagement during classroom discussions Quality Tasks: Teachers can adapt or create dynamic, student-centered lessons that break down math into small, manageable sections, removing the frustrations felt by students who aren't considered math people Effective Facilitation: This book shows how to incorporate teaching moves and math routines designed for engagement, persistence, and interactivity. Teachers can allow students to explore safely while maintaining consistent classroom expectations. "My work as a math instructional coach for a network of schools has afforded me the unique opportunity to visit exceptional teachers across the country, documenting their tasks, teaching moves, and academically safe learning environments. You'll experience dispatches from these effective classrooms in which we'll observe how teachers attend to all three elements that make up the ecosystem." - Geoff Krall from his book, Necessary Conditions.
Author: Geoff Krall Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1003839835 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 362
Book Description
During his years working as an instructional coach for a national network of schools, Geoff Krall had the chance to witness several inspirational moments when math class comes alive for middle or high school students - when it is challenging but also fun, creative, and interactive. In Necessary Conditions: Teaching Secondary Math with Academic Safety, Quality Tasks, and Effective Facilitation, Krall documents the essential ingredients that produce these sorts of moments on a regular basis and for all students. They are Academic Safety, Quality Tasks, and Effective Facilitation. Academic Safety: Krall implements equitable classroom experiences that help fight stigmas associated with race and gender in schools. This allows students to feel socially and emotionally secure while nurturing their identities as mathematicians and increasing engagement during classroom discussions Quality Tasks: Teachers can adapt or create dynamic, student-centered lessons that break down math into small, manageable sections, removing the frustrations felt by students who aren't considered math people Effective Facilitation: This book shows how to incorporate teaching moves and math routines designed for engagement, persistence, and interactivity. Teachers can allow students to explore safely while maintaining consistent classroom expectations. "My work as a math instructional coach for a network of schools has afforded me the unique opportunity to visit exceptional teachers across the country, documenting their tasks, teaching moves, and academically safe learning environments. You'll experience dispatches from these effective classrooms in which we'll observe how teachers attend to all three elements that make up the ecosystem." - Geoff Krall from his book, Necessary Conditions.
Author: Ference Marton Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317811941 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 324
Book Description
Necessary Conditions of Learning presents a research approach (phenomenography) and a theory (the variation theory of learning) introduced and developed by Ference Marton and taken up by his wide and varied following around the world—together with their practical applications in educational contexts. Reflecting Marton’s whole lifetime's work, the unique and significant contribution of this book is to offer an evidence-based answer to the questions "How do we make novel meanings our own?" and "How do we learn to see things in more powerful ways?" The presentation makes use of hundreds of empirical studies carried out in Europe and Asia which build on the theory. The line of reasoning and the way in which the examples are put together is consistent with the theory—it is both presented and applied. The main argument is that in order to learn we have to discern, and to discern the intended ideas we must be presented with carefully structured variation, against a background of invariance. We then go through processes of contrast, generalization, and fusion in order to make sense. These insights form a practical framework for those who design teaching and teaching materials. Necessary Conditions of Learning is a major original work for which scholars of pedagogical theory have been waiting a long time.
Author: Gary Goertz Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield ISBN: 9780742519268 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 364
Book Description
This anthology is devoted to the implications of necessary conditions for social science research, logic, methodology, research design, and theory. Rarely is the contrast between the prevalence of a concept in scholarship and its absence in methodology texts so wide. This book presents hundreds of necessary condition hypotheses representing all areas of political science and all methodologies, and authored by many of the most influential political scientists of the last 50 years. This volume brings together under one cover essential work that deals not only with the analysis of common methodological, logical, and research design errors, but also the proper means to analyse the many ramifications of necessary condition hypotheses and theories.
Author: B.N. Pshenichnyi Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000105482 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
This book presents a theory of necessary conditions for an extremum, including formal conditions for an extremum and computational methods. It states the general results of the theory and shows how these results can be particularized to specific problems.
Author: Francis Clarke Publisher: American Mathematical Soc. ISBN: 0821835912 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 130
Book Description
A monograph that derives necessary conditions of optimality for a general control problem formulated in terms of a differential inclusion. It expresses The Euler, Weierstrass and transversality conditions.
Author: Albert Breton Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521582360 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 302
Book Description
Democracy has moved to the centre of systemic reflections on political economy, gaining a position which used to be occupied by the debate about socialism and capitalism. Certitudes about democracy have been replaced by an awareness of the elusiveness and fluidity of democratic institutions and of the multiplicity of dimensions involved. This is a book which reflects this intellectual situation. It consists of a collection of essays by well-known economists and political scientists from both North America and Europe on the nature of democracy, on the conditions for democracy to be stable, and on the relationship between democracy and important economic issues such as the functioning of the market economy, economic growth, income distribution and social policies.
Author: Jack Levy Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1134101406 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 363
Book Description
This edited volume focuses on the use of ‘necessary condition counterfactuals’ in explaining two key events in twentieth century history, the origins of the First World War and the end of the Cold War. Containing essays by leading figures in the field, this book analyzes the causal logics of necessary and sufficient conditions, demonstrates the variety of different ways in which necessary condition counterfactuals are used to explain the causes of individual events, and identifies errors commonly made in applying this form of causal logic to individual events. It includes discussions of causal chains, contingency, critical junctures, and ‘powder keg’ explanations, and the role of necessary conditions in each. Explaining War and Peace will be of great interest to students of qualitative analysis, the First World War, the Cold War, international history and international relations theory in general.
Author: Publisher: Cengage Learning ISBN: 0357798767 Category : Languages : en Pages : 658
Author: Harold J. Bershady Publisher: Transaction Publishers ISBN: 1412854199 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 181
Book Description
This book analyzes Talcott Parsons’ largest-scale effort to overcome the relativism and subjectivism of the social sciences. Harold J. Bershady sets forth Parsons’ version of the characteristics desirable for social knowledge, showing that Parsons deems the relativistic and subjectivistic arguments as powerful challenges to the validity of social knowledge. Bershady maintains that all Parsons’ intellectual labors exhibit a deep and abiding concern for social knowledge. From his first major work in the 1930s to his later writings on social evolution, Parsons’ theoretical aim has been to provide an unassailable answer to the question, "how is social knowledge possible?" Ideological criticisms of Parsons’ work, Bershady argues, not only miss his awareness of ideological influences upon social thought, but also miss the logical and epistemological strands of his thinking. This book sheds light on the persistent importance of the work of a major theoretical sociologist of the twentieth century. It also brings into the open and discusses issues of deepest concern to the philosophy and methodology of all of the social sciences.
Author: Jenniver Sehring Publisher: CIFOR ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 34
Book Description
This working paper gives an overview of Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), a method that enables systematic cross-case comparison of an intermediate number of case studies. It presents an overview of QCA and detailed descriptions of different versions of the method. Based on the experience applying QCA to CIFORs Global Comparative Study on REDD+, the paper shows how QCA can help produce parsimonious and stringent research results from a multitude of in-depth case studies developed by numerous researchers. QCA can be used as a structuring tool that allows researchers to share understanding and produce coherent data, as well as a tool for making inferences usable for policy advice. REDD+ is still a young policy domain, and it is a very dynamic one. Currently, the benefits of QCA result mainly from the fact that it helps researchers to organize the evidence generated. However, with further and more differentiated case knowledge, and more countries achieving desired outcomes, QCA has the potential to deliver robust analysis that allows the provision of information, guidance and recommendations to ensure carbon-effective, cost-efficient and equitable REDD+ policy design and implementation
Author: Geoff Krall
Author: Geoff Krall
Author: Ference Marton
Author: Gary Goertz
Author: B.N. Pshenichnyi
Author: Francis Clarke
Author: Albert Breton
Author: Jack Levy
Author: 
Author: Harold J. Bershady
Author: Jenniver Sehring