Neural Responses to Injury: Prevention, Protection and Repair; Volume 6: Protecting the Auditory System and Prevention of Hearing Problems PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The experimental animals used during this period for the project, Neural Responses to Injury: Prevention, Protection, and Repair, Subproject: Protecting the Auditory System and Prevention of Hearing Problems, are as follows: Species, Guinea Pig, Number Allowed, 276, Number Used, 83, LSU IACUC# 1061. ANIMAL PROJECT: The SPECIFIC MMS of this study are to demonstrate and explore mechanisms for preventing the effects of intense sound. In years 01, and 02 we discovered that continuous, ipsilateral primary stimulation (CM-LIPS) will produce complex changes in the mechanics of the cochlea, possibly related to toughening In year 03 we discovered that ATP is involved in generating this complex mechanics. We extended the noise exposure studies and found that continuous noise is less effective than interrupted noise in inducing "toughing" Cellular mechanism studies discovered that ATP kills outer hair cells in vitro and in vivo, indicating that ATP may be a key player in noise-induced deafness and toughening. HUMAN PROJECT: We have found that binaural noise suppresses linear click evoked emissions twice as much as ipsilateral noise and 3 times as much as contralateral noise. However, subjects with noise exposure often show poor or reduced emissions when the stimulus is a click. Of 20 subjects enrolled and 13 completely tested so far in the multi-day protocol, subjects with noise exposure effects at higher frequencies show MORE suppression at and around 1500 Hz than do subjects with no hearing loss. This may support the original hypothesis in this program that "Noise Tender Ears" will show different emission suppression patterns from ears that are tough.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The experimental animals used during this period for the project, Neural Responses to Injury: Prevention, Protection, and Repair, Subproject: Protecting the Auditory System and Prevention of Hearing Problems, are as follows: Species, Guinea Pig, Number Allowed, 276, Number Used, 83, LSU IACUC# 1061. ANIMAL PROJECT: The SPECIFIC MMS of this study are to demonstrate and explore mechanisms for preventing the effects of intense sound. In years 01, and 02 we discovered that continuous, ipsilateral primary stimulation (CM-LIPS) will produce complex changes in the mechanics of the cochlea, possibly related to toughening In year 03 we discovered that ATP is involved in generating this complex mechanics. We extended the noise exposure studies and found that continuous noise is less effective than interrupted noise in inducing "toughing" Cellular mechanism studies discovered that ATP kills outer hair cells in vitro and in vivo, indicating that ATP may be a key player in noise-induced deafness and toughening. HUMAN PROJECT: We have found that binaural noise suppresses linear click evoked emissions twice as much as ipsilateral noise and 3 times as much as contralateral noise. However, subjects with noise exposure often show poor or reduced emissions when the stimulus is a click. Of 20 subjects enrolled and 13 completely tested so far in the multi-day protocol, subjects with noise exposure effects at higher frequencies show MORE suppression at and around 1500 Hz than do subjects with no hearing loss. This may support the original hypothesis in this program that "Noise Tender Ears" will show different emission suppression patterns from ears that are tough.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
ANIMAL PROJECT: The SPECIFIC AIMS of this study are to demonstrate and explore mechanisms for preventing the effects of intense sound. In years 01, 02, 03 we discovered that continuous, ipsilateral sound stimulation (CM-LIPS) will produce complex changes in the mechanics of the cochlea. In year 04 we obtained additional evidence that ATP is involved in generating this mechanics. We completed the noise exposure studies and found that continuous noise is less effective than interrupted noise in inducing.
Author: Colleen G. Le Prell Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441995234 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 377
Book Description
Exposure to loud noise continues to be the largest cause of hearing loss in the adult population. The problem of NIHL impacts a number of disciplines. US standards for permissible noise exposure were originally published in 1968 and remain largely unchanged today. Indeed, permissible noise exposure for US personnel is significantly greater than that allowed in numerous other countries, including for example, Canada, China, Brazil, Mexico, and the European Union. However, there have been a number of discoveries and advances that have increased our understanding of the mechanisms of NIHL. These advances have the potential to impact how NIHL can be prevented and how our noise standards can be made more appropriate.
Author: Robert Vink Publisher: University of Adelaide Press ISBN: 0987073052 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 354
Book Description
The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.
Author: Huawei Li Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811361231 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 180
Book Description
This book systematically discusses the pathogenesis, prevention, and the current and potential clinical treatment of hearing loss, as well as the latest advances in hearing research. Hearing loss is a prevalent sensory disorder, which according to a 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) report affected 9% of the global population in 2015. As populations continue to age, more and more people are suffering from the condition, with 60% of those aged between 65 and 75 affected. Hearing loss seriously affects patients’ ability to work ability and quality of life, and as such deafness has become an increasingly urgent social problem around the globe. Sensorineural hearing loss is mainly caused by damage to the hair cells (HCs), and the subsequent loss of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Damage to the HCs in the inner ear can result from exposure to loud noises and environmental and chemical toxins as well as genetic disorders, aging, and certain medications. This book provides ENT specialists and researchers, as well as individuals affected a comprehensive introduction to the field of hearing loss.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309065666 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 336
Book Description
Injuries are the leading cause of death and disability among people under age 35 in the United States. Despite great strides in injury prevention over the decades, injuries result in 150,000 deaths, 2.6 million hospitalizations, and 36 million visits to the emergency room each year. Reducing the Burden of Injury describes the cost and magnitude of the injury problem in America and looks critically at the current response by the public and private sectors, including: Data and surveillance needs. Research priorities. Trauma care systems development. Infrastructure support, including training for injury professionals. Firearm safety. Coordination among federal agencies. The authors define the field of injury and establish boundaries for the field regarding intentional injuries. This book highlights the crosscutting nature of the injury field, identifies opportunities to leverage resources and expertise of the numerous parties involved, and discusses issues regarding leadership at the federal level.
Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub ISBN: 9781493620791 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
Approximately 30 million workers are exposed to hazardous noise on the job. In Michigan, an estimated 86,000 workers have work-related noise-induced hearing loss. Despite the fact that it is 100 percent preventable, loss of hearing is one of the most prevalent occupational diseases in the United States and the second highest self-reported workplace injury or illness.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309099498 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 339
Book Description
The Institute of Medicine carried out a study mandated by Congress and sponsored by the Department of Veterans Affairs to provide an assessment of several issues related to noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus associated with service in the Armed Forces since World War II. The resulting book, Noise and Military Service: Implications for Hearing Loss and Tinnitus, presents findings on the presence of hazardous noise in military settings, levels of noise exposure necessary to cause hearing loss or tinnitus, risk factors for noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus, the timing of the effects of noise exposure on hearing, and the adequacy of military hearing conservation programs and audiometric testing. The book stresses the importance of conducting hearing tests (audiograms) at the beginning and end of military service for all military personnel and recommends several steps aimed at improving the military services' prevention of and surveillance for hearing loss and tinnitus. The book also identifies research needs, emphasizing topics specifically related to military service.
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Author: Colleen G. Le Prell
Author: Robert Vink
Author: Huawei Li
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Renjie Chai