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Author: Aapo Hyvärinen Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1848824912 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 450
Book Description
Aims and Scope This book is both an introductory textbook and a research monograph on modeling the statistical structure of natural images. In very simple terms, “natural images” are photographs of the typical environment where we live. In this book, their statistical structure is described using a number of statistical models whose parameters are estimated from image samples. Our main motivation for exploring natural image statistics is computational m- eling of biological visual systems. A theoretical framework which is gaining more and more support considers the properties of the visual system to be re?ections of the statistical structure of natural images because of evolutionary adaptation processes. Another motivation for natural image statistics research is in computer science and engineering, where it helps in development of better image processing and computer vision methods. While research on natural image statistics has been growing rapidly since the mid-1990s, no attempt has been made to cover the ?eld in a single book, providing a uni?ed view of the different models and approaches. This book attempts to do just that. Furthermore, our aim is to provide an accessible introduction to the ?eld for students in related disciplines.
Author: Aapo Hyvärinen Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1848824912 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 450
Book Description
Aims and Scope This book is both an introductory textbook and a research monograph on modeling the statistical structure of natural images. In very simple terms, “natural images” are photographs of the typical environment where we live. In this book, their statistical structure is described using a number of statistical models whose parameters are estimated from image samples. Our main motivation for exploring natural image statistics is computational m- eling of biological visual systems. A theoretical framework which is gaining more and more support considers the properties of the visual system to be re?ections of the statistical structure of natural images because of evolutionary adaptation processes. Another motivation for natural image statistics research is in computer science and engineering, where it helps in development of better image processing and computer vision methods. While research on natural image statistics has been growing rapidly since the mid-1990s, no attempt has been made to cover the ?eld in a single book, providing a uni?ed view of the different models and approaches. This book attempts to do just that. Furthermore, our aim is to provide an accessible introduction to the ?eld for students in related disciplines.
Author: Tania Pouli Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439874905 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 360
Book Description
To achieve the complex task of interpreting what we see, our brains rely on statistical regularities and patterns in visual data. Knowledge of these regularities can also be considerably useful in visual computing disciplines, such as computer vision, computer graphics, and image processing. The field of natural image statistics studies the regular
Author: Qin Hu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 202
Book Description
This thesis explores the relationship of image statistics to visual processing by considering two important aspects: motion processing and static images. Detection of movement is one of the most fundamental tasks performed by our visual system. The essence of motion is spatiotemporal correlation, but how these correlations are processed biologically is not yet fully known. To probe the computations underlying motion perception, we created a new class of motion stimuli, "glider motion," characterized by their third- and fourth-order spatiotemporal correlations. The direction of glider motion cannot be detected by current models for the neural computation of spatiotemporal correlations. Nevertheless, glider stimuli reliably produced a directional motion percept in humans. This implies that the current models for the computations underlying motion processing require modification, as we discuss. To determine where the calculation of glider motion takes place in the visual system, we recorded from the visual cortex of anesthetized macaque monkeys. The results show that a fraction of V1 and V2 neurons were directionally biased for glider motion, and most of these were also directionally biased for standard motion. We also found something puzzling: for individual neurons, the directional bias for three-element glider motion was opposite to the expectation from the psychophysical results. The second investigation focused on the statistics of natural images. Understanding the design of the visual system and how it extracts information requires knowledge of these statistics. As is well-known, second-order statistics of natural images are characterized by a power spectrum of 1/f 2 . In contrast, higher-order statistics are difficult to study because of their high dimensionality. Two-dimensional Hermite (TDH) functions have mathematical properties that recommend them for analysis of image statistics. We applied TDH functions as filters to a set of natural images, and then calculated the statistics of the filter outputs. The analysis yielded a compact and comprehensive description of high-order statistics of natural images, and this description reflects both their phase and amplitude structure. Finally, we discuss how these findings are related to their "causes" in the real world, and how the visual system can take advantage of them.
Author: Praveen Cyriac Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 184
Book Description
Les tècniques d'imatge d'alt rang dinàmic (HDR) potencialment permeten la captura i l'emmagatzematge de tota la informació de llum en una escena. No obstant això, els dispositius comuns de visualització són limitats en termes de les seves capacitats de contrast i brillantor, per tant, les imatges HDR han de ser mapejades tonalment abans de presentar-les en un dispositiu de visualització per assegurar que es reprodueix l'aspecte original de l'escena. En aquesta tesi, es prenen dos enfocaments del problema de mapeig tonal. En primer lloc, es desenvolupa un marc general per a la millora de qualsevol imatge mapejada tonalment mitjançant la reducció de la distància a la corresponent imatge HDR en termes d'una mètrica perceptiva no local. La distància es redueix al mínim per mitjà d'un algoritme de descens de gradient. En segon lloc, es desenvolupa un operador de mapeig tonal (TMO) en temps real que s'adapta bé a les estadístiques d'escenes naturals, i concorda amb els nous descobriments psicofísics i dades neurofísiques. Determinem les correctes adaptacions no lineals necessàries per als nostres resultats de mapeig tonal per tal d'obtenir l'aparença òptima en diferents condicions de visualització, a través d'experiments psicofísics i desenvolupar un mètode automàtic per poder predir dades experimentals. El nostre TMO produeix resultats d'aspecte natural, sense cap tipus d'artefactes espacials o temporals. Els tests de preferència dels usuaris mostren que el nostre mètode obté millors resultats en comparació amb les tècniques més recents. El TMO és ràpid i podria ser implementat en el hardware de la càmera. Pot ser utilitzat per al monitoratge de càmeres HDR en pantalles regulars, com a substitut de la correcció gamma, i com una manera de proporcionar al colorista amb contingut que té alhora un aspecte natural i una aparença nítida i clara.
Author: Andrew B. Watson Publisher: Bradford Books ISBN: 9780262231718 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 224
Book Description
These fifteen contributions by distinguished vision and imaging scientists explore the role of human vision in the design of modem image communication systems. A dominant theme in the book is image compression—how compression algorithms can be designed to make best use of what we know about human vision. Electronic image communications, which encompass television, high-definition television, teleconferencing, multimedia, digital photography, desktop publishing, and digital movies, is a rapidly growing segment of technology and business. Because these products and technologies are designed for human viewing, knowledge of human perception is essential to optimal design. This book provides a timely compendium of important ideas and perspectives on such subjects as the key aspects of human visual sensitivity that are relevant to image communications and, conversely, the major problems in image communications that vision science can address; the mathematical models of human vision that are useful in the design of image comunications systems; reliable and efficient methods of evaluating visual quality; and aspects of human vision that can be exploited to provide substantial improvements in coding efficiency. Andrew B. Watson is Senior Scientist for Vision Research at NASA. Contributors: Albert J. Ahumada, Jr. E. Barth. V. Michael Bove, Jr. Gershon Buchsbaum. Phillipe Cassereau. Pamela C. Cosman. Scott J. Daly. Michael Eckert. Bernd Girod. William E. Glenn. Robert M. Gray. Paul J. Hearty. Bradley Horowitz. Stanley Klein. Jeffrey Lubin, Cynthia Null. Karen L. Oehler. Alex Pentland. Todd Reed. Andrew B. Watson. B. Wegmann. Christof Zetsche.
Author: Talis Bachmann Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128095059 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 171
Book Description
Perception of Pixelated Images covers the increasing use of these images in everyday life as communication, socialization, and commerce increasingly rely on technology. The literature in this book is dispersed across a wide group of disciplines, from perception and psychology to neuroscience, computer science, engineering, and consumer science. The book summarizes the research to date, answering such questions as, What are the spatial and temporal limits of perceptual discrimination of pixelated images?, What are the optimal conditions for maximizing information extracted from pixelated images?, and How does the method of pixelation compromise or assist perception? Integrates research from psychology, neuroscience, computer science, and engineering Explains how the process of perception works for pixelated images Identifies what assists and hinders perception, including the method of pixelation Discusses the limits of perception of pixelated images
Author: Koohyar Minoo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 117
Book Description
In this dissertation the subjects of entropy coding and quality assessment in the context of natural image processing and compression have been revisited. Both subjects are amongst the most fundamental concepts which have been extensively studied under the theories of source coding and signal processing. In this dissertation, it will be demonstrated how conformity to the statistical properties of natural image data, makes it possible to estimate the entropy rate of such data with high accuracy and very low complexity. A maximum likelihood parameter estimation framework is proposed which not only is enabling the design of a fast and efficient entropy rate estimator, but also unifies the legacy rate estimation methods, namely the heuristic low-data-rate methods and the analytical high-data-rate methods. The concept of entropy rate crosses the concept of image quality measure, or distortion metric (fidelity criterion), most often under the subject of lossy source coding to measure the optimality of a compression scheme. However the distortion metrics are amongst the most basic concepts for evaluation of other image processing algorithms, beyond the image compression. Underlined by numerous publications, the need for a perceptual quality metric that reflects the perception of humans on the subject of visual quality is unanimously agreed upon. The endeavor to find a suitable image quality metric has resulted in the introduction of many image quality assessment methods. The contribution of this work on the subject of image quality is a modest step forward in unifying many of the legacy methods under a "probabilistic perceptual image quality" framework. It will be shown that different methods such as contrast sensitivity, channel decomposition and structural similarity methods are different realizations of the proposed framework. This framework not only unifies the legacy methods, but also provides means for comparing different legacy methods. Furthermore, the proposed framework creates opportunities to enhance most of the legacy perceptual image quality measures. Finally the probabilistic nature of image quality in the proposed method lends itself to extending the quality metric beyond image quality assessment with full-reference image. It also covers the quality assessment when there is no access to the reference image.
Author: Christopher Manning Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 0262303795 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 719
Book Description
Statistical approaches to processing natural language text have become dominant in recent years. This foundational text is the first comprehensive introduction to statistical natural language processing (NLP) to appear. The book contains all the theory and algorithms needed for building NLP tools. It provides broad but rigorous coverage of mathematical and linguistic foundations, as well as detailed discussion of statistical methods, allowing students and researchers to construct their own implementations. The book covers collocation finding, word sense disambiguation, probabilistic parsing, information retrieval, and other applications.
Author: Siu-Lai Joey Cham Publisher: ISBN: 9781374682436 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This dissertation, "Human Vision and the Natural Visual World: Psychophysical Results and Natural-image Analysis Reveal Comparable and Consistent Patterns of Contour-curvature Statistics" by Siu-lai, Joey, Cham, 覃紹禮, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4175807 Subjects: Visual perception Pattern perception
Author: Aapo Hyvärinen
Author: Aapo Hyvärinen
Author: Arjen van der Schaaf
Author: Tania Pouli
Author: Qin Hu
Author: Praveen Cyriac
Author: Andrew B. Watson
Author: Talis Bachmann
Author: Koohyar Minoo
Author: Christopher Manning
Author: Siu-Lai Joey Cham