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Author: Zachary R. Young Publisher: ISBN: Category : Soybean Languages : en Pages : 102
Book Description
Recently introduced technology-comprising cables used for monitoring grain moisture content (MC) and temperature throughout the entire grain mass during drying offers a means to utilize low-temperature natural air-drying for soybean seed. From an electronic monitor and fan control standpoint, the new technology appears to be very promising for managing drying and storage conditions for soybean seed. The objectives for this study were to simulate conditions typically encountered in on-farm, in-bin drying systems and investigate impact of seed cultivar, temperature, moisture content and duration of storage on seed germination rates and vigor (electrical conductivity). In addition this research addresses the problem of establishing an accurate EMC database, across temperature and relative humidity ranges that are typically encountered during natural air, low-temperature drying of soybean seed. Overall, this study showed that seed viability could be maintained when the MC is at 13% and grain temperature within 20°C to 30°C.
Author: Zachary R. Young Publisher: ISBN: Category : Soybean Languages : en Pages : 102
Book Description
Recently introduced technology-comprising cables used for monitoring grain moisture content (MC) and temperature throughout the entire grain mass during drying offers a means to utilize low-temperature natural air-drying for soybean seed. From an electronic monitor and fan control standpoint, the new technology appears to be very promising for managing drying and storage conditions for soybean seed. The objectives for this study were to simulate conditions typically encountered in on-farm, in-bin drying systems and investigate impact of seed cultivar, temperature, moisture content and duration of storage on seed germination rates and vigor (electrical conductivity). In addition this research addresses the problem of establishing an accurate EMC database, across temperature and relative humidity ranges that are typically encountered during natural air, low-temperature drying of soybean seed. Overall, this study showed that seed viability could be maintained when the MC is at 13% and grain temperature within 20°C to 30°C.
Author: Ayushi Anand Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"Every year one-third of the food produced worth the US $1 trillion gets spoiled during post-harvest operations. The world population is expected to be to 9.1 billion by the end of 2050 and approximately 70% extra food production is required for maintaining food security. Most of this population rise is expected to be in developing countries which are already facing an issue of food hunger and insecurity.Drying is already an energy extensive process in the industry and in the case of seed grade grain drying, the energy requirement is even higher because of the low drying rate requirement employed worldwide. Microwave drying has evolved in the last two decades and the application of it can be seen in many food industries. However, in the seed industry, the application of novel techniques are not that popular, and the literature doesn’t report sufficient studies on it. In this study, microwave-assisted air drying, fluidized drying, and microwave-assisted fluidized bed of soybean seeds were carried out at the laboratory scale and the viability, vigor and the seed coat quality was studied post drying. In microwave-assisted air drying, thin layer drying at an air temperature (30, 40 and 50°C) and microwave power density (0, 0.5 and 1 W/g) were carried out using face-centered response surface methodology. A 0 W/g microwave power density was studied to highlight the comparison between air and microwave drying. The results showed that drying kinetics was improved by the incorporation of the microwaves with an increase in drying rate, shown by drying rate constant and moisture diffusivity. Also, the drying time was significantly reduced during the microwave-assisted air drying. However, the viability and the vigor of the seeds were damaged during microwave-assisted air drying. The cracking percentage was low, but the fissure percentage was high when the microwave was incorporated. This depicts that the incorporation of microwave in the thin layer drying of soybean is not capable of producing seed grade soybean. Moreover, fluidized bed drying of soybean seeds was carried out at different air temperatures (30, 40 and 50 °C) and air velocity (1, 4 and 7 m/s) with a bed depth of 30 to 32 mm. Air velocity of 1m/s was employed to study the comparison between fixed and fluidized bed. The results showed that fluidization at low velocity improved the drying kinetics with a relatively low negative influence and an increase in air temperature had more influence on drying kinetics. The seeds dried in fluidized bed drying had germination percentage greater than 77% with a reduction in seed vigor. More than 60% of the seeds had a damaged seed coat and the seed coat hardness. In addition to this, microwaves were employed in the fluidized bed drying of soybean seeds and the drying kinetics was further improved as compared with fluidized bed drying. Also, seeds dried in microwave-assisted fluidized bed drying were able to germinate with reduced vigor to the fresh seeds. In microwave fluidized bed drying almost all the seeds had damaged seed coat and the hardness of the seed coat was decreased as compared to fluidized bed drying. The fluidized bed drying technique combined with a microwave can solve the problem of non-homogeneity in bed and low drying rates in the seed drying. However, seed coat damage is a problem which requires attention in adapting these drying techniques as it could lead to spoilage and loss of viability in the seeds during storage"--
Author: Pranom Saisawat Publisher: ISBN: Category : Seeds Languages : en Pages : 86
Book Description
This study was initiated to investigate the possibility of utilizing the hysteresis effect to prolong storage life of seeds. Seeds of the Red Werner W851 variety of grain sorghum and Bragg variety of soybean were harvested at 18.5 and 12.55% moisture, respectively. The soybean seed were dried artificially with samples removed when the seed reached 12.55, 10.42, 8.70, and 6.70% moisture. The sorghum seed were dried to 14.49, 12.71, 10.42, and 8.25% moisture. Seed from each moisture level were subdivided and stored at 20oC or 30oC and 75% RH. Following 0, 3, 6, and 9 months storage, seed from each sample were subjected to following tests: moisture, standard germination, TZ germination potential, first count germination, and TZ germination energy. Seeds of bothspecies had reached equilibrium moisture by three months storage. The hysteresis effect was clearly demonstrated by sorghum seed with the average maximum differences of 0.39 and 0.46% moisture for seed stored at 20oC and 30oC respectively. However, no evidence of hysteresis was observed in soybeans. The four evaluation tests revealed that the sorghum seed declined in viability and vigor at each sampling period. In spite of significant differences in moisture due to hysteresis there was no evidence that the established differences affected either viability or vigor of sorghum seed. Soybean seed dried as low as 8.70% moisture maintained satisfactory levels of viability and vigor throughout the storage period at 20oC, however, the seed stored at 30oC were dead within six months. Soybean seed dried to 6.70% moisture showed a latent damage, attributable to drying, which resulted in a 6% decrease in viability after three months storage. This loss in viability was the result of rapid deterioration of a narrow band of cells either adjacent to or across the region where the plumule, cotyledons and hypocotyl join.
Author: Jose de Barros Franca Neto Publisher: ISBN: Category : Soybean Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
This study compared the effects of mechanical harvest and artificial drying on seed quality of soybeans having permeable (Dare) and impermeable (D-1) coats. Seed were harvested by combine and hand as soon as possible after maturity and after four additional weeks of field wearhering. Only the mechanically harvested seed from the first harvest were used for the drying studies. The standard germination, TZ, accelerated aging and physical damage tests were used to evaluate the effects of the treatments on seed quality. Combine harvest reduced but didn't eliminate hard seed, unex-pectedly had no effect upon viability, but resulted in reduced vigor ratings. The percent undamaged seed was higher for the D-1 seed at both harvest dates, despite the fact these seed were 5.2% lower in moisture than the Dare on the second harvest. Delayed harvest lowered viability and vigor ratings of the Dare seed, but only vigor ratings of the D-1. Artificial drying the D-1 seed increased hard seed content but had no other immediate effects on quality. There was some indication of a direct relationships between seed coat permeability and rate of moisture loss. The conclusions were: a. Combine harvest of seed with the impermeable seed coat characteristic will reduce hard seed content to agronomically acceptable levels only when the seed are near 11% moisture content. b. Seeds with the impermeable seed coat are less susceptible to physical damage than those with permeable coats, although, this difference may not be attributable to differences in seed coat permeability. c. A four week delay in combine harvest resulted in increased physical damage and decreased vigor in both seed types but did not result in decreased viability of seed with the impermeable seed coat characteristic. d. Seed having permeable seed coats germinated faster than those possessing the impermeable characteristic, however, this difference was reduced by the effects of mechanical harvest. e. Artificially drying high moisture soybean seed possessing the impermeable coat characteristic resulted in a significant increase in hard seed content.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : pt-BR Pages :
Book Description
O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de aprimorar o processode secagem de sementes de soja em secador estacionário com distribuição radial dofluxo do ar com variações de UR. Foram secos quatro lotes de oito toneladas cada, sendo dois com umidade relativa do ar de secagem maior no início e menor no finalda secagem (AB) e dois com umidade relativa do ar de secagem menor no início emaior no final da secagem (BA). Durante a secagem, foram feitas amostragens dassementes no secador às distâncias radiais de 0,15; 0,30 e 0,45m do tubo centralperfurado nas alturas de 0,90; 2,70 e 4,50m da base do secador. Foramdeterminados os perfis de grau de umidade e temperatura das sementes e após otérmino das secagens, foram retiradas amostras dos diferentes pontos paraavaliação da sua qualidade fisiológica pelos testes de germinação, tetrazólio(viabilidade e vigor), envelhecimento acelerado e emergência em campo. Osresultados permitiram concluir que: a) a taxa média de secagem de sementes desoja, em silo secador com distribuição radial do ar, com fluxo do ar de 30 m 3 / minuto/ t, é próxima a 0,80 pontos percentuais / hora utilizando umidade relativa do ar de30% no início da secagem e umidade relativa do ar de 45% no final da secagem; b)utilizando umidade relativa do ar de secagem de 45% na fase final do processo desecagem, o gradiente de umidade final das sementes torna-se inferior a 2 pontospercentuais em todo o secador; c) o acréscimo de 15 pontos percentuais na umidaderelativa do ar na fase final da secagem estacionária, reduz a taxa média de secagemem torno de 20% e d) a qualidade fisiológica imediata das sementes de soja secasem secador estacionário com distribuição radial do ar, não é afetada negativamentepela variação na UR do ar de secagem.
Author: Zachary R. Young
Author: Zachary R. Young
Author: Ayushi Anand
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Author: 
Author: Pranom Saisawat
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Author: Jose de Barros Franca Neto
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Author: 
Author: Akrofi Djietror