Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download National Security Panics PDF full book. Access full book title National Security Panics by Jane Kellett Cramer. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Jane Kellett Cramer Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 427
Book Description
(Cont.) Uncertainty was found to be a significant "permissive condition" for the misperceptions of 1960-but uncertainty was highest just after Sputnik in 1957, and sharply decreased by 1960, yet public fear increased and peaked in 1960. There was no significant uncertainty in the 1980 panic--uncertainty is not a necessary condition for panic. Psychological hypotheses were not detected playing a role in causing these panics. Leaders private deliberations were examined and did not exhibit the patterns of reasoning predicted by these theories (e.g. leaders were aware of provoking the threat). National misperceptions guide policy and shape many leaders' beliefs through "blowback" and psychological post hoc rationaliztion. These large, important misperceptions are rooted in domestic politics, while international relations scholars focus on psychological and rational reasons for misperceptions. The study of misperceptions in international relations needs to be re-oriented.
Author: Jane Kellett Cramer Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 427
Book Description
(Cont.) Uncertainty was found to be a significant "permissive condition" for the misperceptions of 1960-but uncertainty was highest just after Sputnik in 1957, and sharply decreased by 1960, yet public fear increased and peaked in 1960. There was no significant uncertainty in the 1980 panic--uncertainty is not a necessary condition for panic. Psychological hypotheses were not detected playing a role in causing these panics. Leaders private deliberations were examined and did not exhibit the patterns of reasoning predicted by these theories (e.g. leaders were aware of provoking the threat). National misperceptions guide policy and shape many leaders' beliefs through "blowback" and psychological post hoc rationaliztion. These large, important misperceptions are rooted in domestic politics, while international relations scholars focus on psychological and rational reasons for misperceptions. The study of misperceptions in international relations needs to be re-oriented.
Author: Jane K. Cramer Publisher: Routledge Global Security Studies ISBN: 9780415693028 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
This book examines 'national security panics' that led to major U.S. foreign policy shifts. A national security panic is a period when the public was gripped by a widespread fear of imminent threat from an enemy allegedly bent on the destruction of the United States, yet with hindsight, the public fears are known to be based on highly inaccurate portrayals of the actual military threat at the time. The book argues that scholars should try to understand these periods of public fear because they have had major policy consequences. The sources of these fears is much disputed, even though they are known, with hindsight, to have been based on highly inaccurate views of the actual threats at the time. The author examines four key cases: the 'Red Juggernaut' panic (c. 1950), the 'Missile Gap' panic (c. 1960), the 'Window of Vulnerability' panic (c. 1980) and the 'Iraq WMD' panic (c. 2003), and tests three groups of hypotheses about the sources of these widespread public fears: (1) Were these fears rooted in intelligence failures? (2) were these public fears largely caused by psychological biases among decision makers? (3) Or were these fears caused by intentional threat inflation by political actors? Unlike other works, this volume explores all these competing explanations within and across multiple cases, side-by-side. In the end, contrary to the explanations of many others, the author finds that the root sources of these public fears is primarily intentional threat inflation by political actors. It also demonstrates that in two of cases, the intentional threat inflation was led by challengers to the executive branch, indicating that even though executive branch power is vast, it is not the necessary condition many scholars contend that it is. This book will be of much interest to students of US national security, US foreign policy, US politics, Cold War studies, and IR/Security Studies in general.
Author: Donald M. Snow Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317346211 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 700
Book Description
Analyzes the history, evolution, and processes of national security policies This text examines national security from two fundamental fault lines-the end of the Cold War and the 9/11 terrorist attacks-and considers how the resulting era of globalization and geopolitics guides policy. Placing this trend in conceptual and historical context and following it through military, semi-military, and non-military concerns, National Security for a New Era treats its subject as a nuanced and subtle phenomenon that encompasses everything from the nation to the individual.
Author: Keven G. Ruby Publisher: ISBN: 9781267472779 Category : Languages : en Pages : 214
Book Description
Why do states sometimes treat the public's response to threats as itself a threat to national security? Even as the external threats facing the United States have changed over time – from the Soviet Union to "terrorists of global reach" – the threat to national security posed by a fearful public has remained a recurring worry occupying the attention of policymakers at the highest levels of government. While the literature in IR and security – realist, liberal, and constructivist – generally assumes the public's fear of a threat to be essential for state survival, fear is a double edged sword. Drawing on Hobbesian state theory, I argue that public fear will be treated by the state as a threat when the object and intensity of the public's fears does not align with the state's understanding of the threat environment. This enables a challenge from below to the state's national security priorities and policies, prompting state intervention. When the public does not sufficiently fear a threat the state intends to mobilize against, the state will counteract "complacency" with fearmongering. Conversely, when the public fears a threat that the state is either unwilling or unable to address directly, the state seeks to counteract "panic" through reassurance. Because both public complacency and panic undermine state autonomy, the state has a compelling interest in managing whether and how existential emergencies rise to the top of the public agenda. The dissertation investigates the role of public fear in the shaping of national security priorities and policies in two case studies, the Eisenhower administration's response to Sputnik and the Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11. The cases show that managing public fear – the public relations of security – is central to how state's conduct national security and a core logic of government.
Author: Jack A. Jarmon Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield ISBN: 1442224126 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 313
Book Description
The New Era in U.S. National Security focuses on the emerging threats of the second decade of the twenty-first century, well after 9/11, and well into the age of globalization. It is a thorough, technically competent survey of the current arena of conflict and the competition for political and economic control by state and non-state actors. Starting with the current national security establishment, it discusses the incompatibility between the threats and the structure organized to meet them. It then looks at the supply chain, including containerization and maritime security as well as cybersecurity, terrorism, and transborder crime networks. The last section of the book focuses on existing industrial and defense policy and the role the private sector can play in national security. Pulling together different areas, such as the logistics of the supply chain, the crime-terrorist nexus, and cyberwarfare, the book describes the landscape of today’s new battlefields. It shows how the logistics of asymmetrical warfare, the rise of the information age, the decline of the importance and effectiveness of national borders, the overdependence on fragile infrastructures, and the global reach of virtual, paramilitary, criminal, and terrorist networks have created new frontlines and adversaries with diverse objectives. This core text for international security, strategy, war studies students is technical yet accessible to the non-specialist. It is a timely and comprehensive study of the realities of national security in the United States today.
Author: National Defense University (U S ) Publisher: Government Printing Office ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 132
Book Description
On August 24-25, 2010, the National Defense University held a conference titled “Economic Security: Neglected Dimension of National Security?” to explore the economic element of national power. This special collection of selected papers from the conference represents the view of several keynote speakers and participants in six panel discussions. It explores the complexity surrounding this subject and examines the major elements that, interacting as a system, define the economic component of national security.
Author: Kurt M. Campbell Publisher: Basic Books (AZ) ISBN: 0465051669 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 336
Book Description
Presents a critical examination of foreign policy under the Bush Administration and proposes a bipartisan strategy for securing the homeland, managing the war on terror, combating global warming, and dealing with the increasing power of China and other Asian countries.
Author: Joseph H. Campos Publisher: Routledge ISBN: Category : History Languages : en Pages : 192
Book Description
Adopting an innovative approach to the ongoing debate over homeland security and state response to terrorism, Joseph Campos investigates the contextualizing of national security discourse and its management of terrorism. The volume incorporates historical depth and critical theory in a comparative framework to provide an invaluable insight into how national security is developed to secure the state.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309167922 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 184
Book Description
The Oklahoma City bombing, intentional crashing of airliners on September 11, 2001, and anthrax attacks in the fall of 2001 have made Americans acutely aware of the impacts of terrorism. These events and continued threats of terrorism have raised questions about the impact on the psychological health of the nation and how well the public health infrastructure is able to meet the psychological needs that will likely result. Preparing for the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism highlights some of the critical issues in responding to the psychological needs that result from terrorism and provides possible options for intervention. The committee offers an example for a public health strategy that may serve as a base from which plans to prevent and respond to the psychological consequences of a variety of terrorism events can be formulated. The report includes recommendations for the training and education of service providers, ensuring appropriate guidelines for the protection of service providers, and developing public health surveillance for preevent, event, and postevent factors related to psychological consequences.
Author: Jane Kellett Cramer
Author: Jane Kellett Cramer
Author: Jane K. Cramer
Author: Donald M. Snow
Author: Keven G. Ruby
Author: Jack A. Jarmon
Author: National Defense University (U S )
Author: Kurt M. Campbell
Author: Joseph H. Campos
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Clément Juglar