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Author: Michael Leach Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1315311631 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 428
Book Description
Timor-Leste’s long journey to nationhood spans 450 years of colonial rule by Portugal, a short-lived independence in 1975, and a 24-year occupation by Indonesia. This book examines the history of nation-building and national identity in Timor-Leste, and the evolution of a collective identity through two consecutive colonial occupations, and into the post-independence era. It charts the evolution of the idea of an East Timorese nation: its origins, its sources, and its competitors in traditional understandings of political community, and the distinct colonial visions imposed by Portugal or Indonesia. The author analyses the evolution of ideas of collective identity under the long era of Portuguese colonial rule, and through the 24-year struggle for independence from Indonesia from 1975 to 1999. Reflecting the contested history of the territory, these include successive attempts to define its members as colonial subjects in a wider ‘pluri-racial’ Portuguese empire, as citizens in an ‘integrated’ province of the Republic of Indonesia – and, of course, as a nation that demanded its right to self-determination. Finally, the host of nation-building tensions and fault lines that emerged after the restoration of independence in 2002 are discussed. Examining the history of debates and conflict over national identity, national history, cultural heritage, language policy, and relationships between distinct regions, generations, and language groups, this book will be of interest to academics in the fields of Asian studies, nationalism studies, and international and community development.
Author: Michael Leach Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1315311631 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 428
Book Description
Timor-Leste’s long journey to nationhood spans 450 years of colonial rule by Portugal, a short-lived independence in 1975, and a 24-year occupation by Indonesia. This book examines the history of nation-building and national identity in Timor-Leste, and the evolution of a collective identity through two consecutive colonial occupations, and into the post-independence era. It charts the evolution of the idea of an East Timorese nation: its origins, its sources, and its competitors in traditional understandings of political community, and the distinct colonial visions imposed by Portugal or Indonesia. The author analyses the evolution of ideas of collective identity under the long era of Portuguese colonial rule, and through the 24-year struggle for independence from Indonesia from 1975 to 1999. Reflecting the contested history of the territory, these include successive attempts to define its members as colonial subjects in a wider ‘pluri-racial’ Portuguese empire, as citizens in an ‘integrated’ province of the Republic of Indonesia – and, of course, as a nation that demanded its right to self-determination. Finally, the host of nation-building tensions and fault lines that emerged after the restoration of independence in 2002 are discussed. Examining the history of debates and conflict over national identity, national history, cultural heritage, language policy, and relationships between distinct regions, generations, and language groups, this book will be of interest to academics in the fields of Asian studies, nationalism studies, and international and community development.
Author: Catherine E. Arthur Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319987828 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 257
Book Description
This book explores how national identity has been negotiated and (re)imagined through the political symbols that embody it in post-conflict Timor-Leste. It develops a Modernist approach to nations and nationalism by incorporating Bourdieusian theories of symbolic capital and conflict, to examine how national identity has been constructed and represented in political symbols. Taking case studies of flags, monuments, national heroes, and street art, it critically analyses how a diverse population has interpreted and (re)constructed its national identity throughout the first decade of independence, and how the transition from a context of conflict to peace has influenced such popular imaginings. By examining these processes of identification with a wide range of symbols, the book discusses the numerous challenges that this young nation-state still faces, including victimhood and recognition, democratization and electoral politics, the political role of cosmology and spirituality, and post-colonial generational differences and divisions.
Author: Elfie Luise Shiosaki Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
There is a growing consensus that the international community's nation-building efforts have disproportionately focused on state-building - developing the capacity of the state and its institutions. Peace and security have been inextricably linked to state-building, in particular to the construction of a liberal democratic state and institutions. However, identity-building - developing a unifying national political community - is also a fundamental process of nation-building. Identity-building legitimises and consolidates the nation-state, guarding it against further fragmentation. The thesis critically assesses nation-building in Timor-Leste. Peace and stability in Timor-Leste were under threat from internal forces and not external ones, as had been the case during periods of Portuguese colonialism and Indonesian occupation, only a few years after achieveing independence on 20 May 2002. The emergence of the so-called east-west divide between Timorese from the eastern region,lorosa'e, and those from the western region, loromonu, during the 2006 crisis in Timor-Leste indicates that identity-building in Timor-Leste is fragile or even failing. In the post-independence period, contemporary lorosa'e andloromonu identities have become politicised in a divisive national discourse about the competing roles played by both groups during the resistance movement. The developing national political community in Timor-Leste appears to be weak and unable to contain strong regional identities. The thesis examines the political significance of the east-west divide in the post-crisis period, exploring the implications of its ongoing significance for nation-building in Timor-Leste, in particular for identity-building. The thesis argues that the divide poses a critical challenge to the emergence of new narratives of nationalism which support reconciliation in the post-independence period and consequently, to the development of a cohesive national political community.
Author: Michael Leach Publisher: Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften ISBN: 9783034309899 Category : Melanesia Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This book examines the attitudes of tertiary students in Melanesia and Timor-Leste to national identity and key issues of nation-building. Their views are pivotal to understanding the challenges of building a more cohesive sense of national identity and political community in these states. Melanesian countries show a relatively high degree of similarity in their responses to the surveys on national identity carried out by the authors, but with key differences attributable to particular historical, regional or linguistic legacies of colonial rule. The ongoing importance of traditional authority and kastom/adat in conceptions of political community and identity is evident in all four case study sites, and in each case matches indicators of respect for modern state authority. Although different for each site, the authors' findings also illustrate the importance of students' geographical region of origin, language orientation and gender in explaining key differences in attitudes towards national identity. The book demonstrates that strong levels of national identification and pride persist among the future leaders of the countries surveyed, even in the face of ongoing regional and linguistic divisions and weak state capacity, suggesting a strong potential basis for nation-building agendas if wider challenges of democratic performance, service provision and regional development can be addressed over time.
Author: Vandra Harris Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136806687 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 273
Book Description
Despite Timor-Leste’s high expectations when it became independent from Indonesia in 2002, the country is ranked among the least developed countries in the world. It has found itself at the centre of international attention in the last decade, with one of the biggest interventions in UN history, as well as receiving amongst the highest per capita rates of bilateral assistance in the Asia-Pacific region. This book draws together the perspectives of practitioners, policy-makers and academics on the international efforts to rebuild one of the world’s newest nations. The contributors consider issues of peace-building, security and justice sector reform as well as human security in Timor-Leste, locating these in the broader context of building nation, stability and development. The book includes two demographic studies that can be used to critically examine the nation’s possible future. Engaging in deliberate consideration of both practical and theoretical complexities of international interventions, this book will be of interest to academics and students in the fields of Development, Security and Southeast Asian Studies.
Author: Abraham Joseph Publisher: Lexington Books ISBN: 0739191217 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 217
Book Description
Timor-Leste: The History and Development of Asia’s Newest Nation is a study of how a small Asia-Pacific nation has emerged from protracted conflict and successfully navigated a path to durable peace and sustainable development. Despite early setbacks, Timor-Leste has made an amazing turnaround and today finds itself in a new era in which it will certainly continue its advance toward the goal of long-term stability and prosperity, leaving permanently behind the past that was once marked by a descending spiral of destruction. Yet, a number of development challenges lie ahead for Timor-Leste, particularly in strengthening human, institutional, and infrastructural capacities in the short to medium term, and in transforming the national economy from oil-based to more diversified and better balanced in the longer run. Other countries may draw valuable lessons from Timor-Leste’s experience, especially those that are emerging from as well as are currently affected by conflict and instability. Such lessons would center on the questions such as management of natural resources, empowerment of the vulnerable, implementation of transparent and accountable governance, advancement of women, and mobilization of civil society and the public in general for democratization and the national development process.
Author: Michael Leach Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 131531164X Category : History Languages : en Pages : 277
Book Description
This book examines the history of nation-building and national identity in Timor-Leste, and the evolution of a collective identity through two consecutive colonial occupations, and into the post-independence era.
Author: P. Sercombe Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1137455535 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 279
Book Description
This volume tracks the complex relationships between language, education and nation-building in Southeast Asia, focusing on how language policies have been used by states and governments as instruments of control, assimilation and empowerment. Leading scholars have contributed chapters each representing one of the countries in the region.
Author: Judith Bovensiepen Publisher: ANU Press ISBN: 1760462535 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 269
Book Description
For the people of Timor-Leste, independence promised a fundamental transformation from foreign occupation to self-rule, from brutality to respect for basic rights, and from poverty to prosperity. In the eyes of the country’s political leaders, revenue from the country’s oil and gas reserves is the means by which that transformation could be effected. Over the past decade, they have formulated ambitious plans for state-led development projects and rapid economic growth. Paradoxically, these modernist visions are simultaneously informed by and contradict ideas stemming from custom, religion, accountability and responsibility to future generations. This book explores how the promise of prosperity informs policy and how policy debates shape expectations about the future in one of the world’s newest and poorest nation-states.
Author: Michael Leach
Author: Michael Leach
Author: Catherine E. Arthur
Author: Elfie Luise Shiosaki
Author: Michael Leach
Author: Vandra Harris
Author: Abraham Joseph
Author: Michael Leach
Author: P. Sercombe
Author: Maj Nygaard-Christensen
Author: Judith Bovensiepen